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Japri NF, Majid ZA, Ghoshal SK, Danial WH, See HH, Othman MZ. On the versatility of graphene-cellulose composites: An overview and bibliometric assessment. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:121969. [PMID: 38710542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Practical benefits of graphene-cellulose composites (GCC) are categorical. Diverse salient features like thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and durability make GCC advantageous for widespread applications. Despite extensive studies the basic understanding of various fundamental aspects of this novel complex remains deficient. Based on this fact, a critical overview and bibliometric analysis involving the overall prospects of GCC was made wherein a total of 1245 research articles from the Scopus database published during the year 2002 to 2020 were used. For the bibliometric assessment, various criteria including the publication outputs, co-authorships, affiliated countries, and co-occurrences of the authors' keywords were explored. Environmental amiability, sustainability, economy, and energy efficiency of GCC were emphasized. In addition, the recent trends, upcoming challenges, and applied interests of GCC were highlighted. The findings revealed that the studies on GCC related to the energy storage, adsorption, sensing, and printing are ever-increasing, indicating the global research drifts on GCC. The bibliometric map analysis displayed that among the researchers from 61 countries/territories, China alone contributed about 50 % of the international publications. It is asserted that the current article may offer taxonomy to navigate into the field of GCC wherein stronger collaboration networks can be established worldwide through integrated research activities desirable for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Faraliana Japri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - S K Ghoshal
- Physics Department & Laser Center, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Hazman Danial
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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2
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Torres FG, Troncoso OP, Urtecho A, Soto P, Pachas B. Recent Progress in Polysaccharide-Based Materials for Energy Applications: A Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38865700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, polysaccharides have emerged as a promising alternative for the development of environmentally friendly materials. Polysaccharide-based materials have been mainly studied for applications in the food, packaging, and biomedical industries. However, many investigations report processing routes and treatments that enable the modification of the inherent properties of polysaccharides, making them useful as materials for energy applications. The control of the ionic and electronic conductivities of polysaccharide-based materials allows for the development of solid electrolytes and electrodes. The incorporation of conductive and semiconductive phases can modify the permittivities of polysaccharides, increasing their capacity for charge storage, making them useful as active surfaces of energy harvesting devices such as triboelectric nanogenerators. Polysaccharides are inexpensive and abundant and could be considered as a suitable option for the development and improvement of energy devices. This review provides an overview of the main research work related to the use of both common commercially available polysaccharides and local native polysaccharides, including starch, chitosan, carrageenan, ulvan, agar, and bacterial cellulose. Solid and gel electrolytes derived from polysaccharides show a wide range of ionic conductivities from 0.0173 × 10-3 to 80.9 × 10-3 S cm-1. Electrodes made from polysaccharides show good specific capacitances ranging from 8 to 753 F g-1 and current densities from 0.05 to 5 A g-1. Active surfaces based on polysaccharides show promising results with power densities ranging from 0.15 to 16 100 mW m-2. These investigations suggest that in the future polysaccharides could become suitable materials to replace some synthetic polymers used in the fabrication of energy storage devices, including batteries, supercapacitors, and energy harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, 15088 Lima, Peru
| | - Omar P Troncoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, 15088 Lima, Peru
| | - Adrián Urtecho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, 15088 Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Soto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, 15088 Lima, Peru
| | - Bruce Pachas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, 15088 Lima, Peru
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Mauro F, Corrado B, De Gregorio V, Lagreca E, Di Natale C, Vecchione R, Netti PA. Exploring the evolution of bacterial cellulose precursors and their potential use as cellulose-based building blocks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11613. [PMID: 38773229 PMCID: PMC11109180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have found increased use in a wider range of applications due to their less harmful effects. Notably, bacterial cellulose has gained significant consideration due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties and its substantial biocompatibility, which makes it an attractive candidate for several biomedical applications. This study attempts to thoroughly unravel the microstructure of bacterial cellulose precursors, known as bioflocculants, which to date have been poorly characterised, by employing both electron and optical microscopy techniques. Here, starting from bioflocculants from Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), we proved that their microstructural features, such as porosity percentage, cellulose assembly degree, fibres' density and fraction, change in a spatio-temporal manner during their rising toward the liquid-air interface. Furthermore, our research identified a correlation between electron and optical microscopy parameters, enabling the assessment of bioflocculants' microstructure without necessitating offline sample preparation procedures. The ultimate goal was to determine their potential suitability as a novel cellulose-based building block material with tuneable structural properties. Our investigations substantiate the capability of SCOBY bioflocculants, characterized by distinct microstructures, to successfully assemble within a microfluidic device, thereby generating a cellulose sheet endowed with specific and purposefully designed structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mauro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Corrado
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Tsouko E, Pilafidis S, Kourmentza K, Gomes HI, Sarris G, Koralli P, Papagiannopoulos A, Pispas S, Sarris D. A sustainable bioprocess to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) using waste streams from wine distilleries and the biodiesel industry: evaluation of BC for adsorption of phenolic compounds, dyes and metals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:40. [PMID: 38475851 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main challenge for large-scale production of bacterial cellulose (BC) includes high production costs interlinked with raw materials, and low production rates. The valorization of renewable nutrient sources could improve the economic effectiveness of BC fermentation while their direct bioconversion into sustainable biopolymers addresses environmental pollution and/or resource depletion challenges. Herein a green bioprocess was developed to produce BC in high amounts with the rather unexplored bacterial strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, using waste streams such as wine distillery effluents (WDE) and biodiesel-derived glycerol. Also, BC was evaluated as a bio-adsorbent for phenolics, dyes and metals removal to enlarge its market diversification. RESULTS BC production was significantly affected by the WDE mixing ratio (0-100%), glycerol concentration (20-45 g/L), type of glycerol and media-sterilization method. A maximum BC concentration of 9.0 g/L, with a productivity of 0.90 g/L/day and a water holding capacity of 60.1 g water/g dry BC, was achieved at 100% WDE and ≈30 g/L crude glycerol. BC samples showed typical cellulose vibration bands and average fiber diameters between 37.2 and 89.6 nm. The BC capacity to dephenolize WDE and adsorb phenolics during fermentation reached respectively, up to 50.7% and 26.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry BC (in-situ process). The produced BC was also investigated for dye and metal removal. The highest removal of dye acid yellow 17 (54.3%) was recorded when 5% of BC was applied as the bio-adsorbent. Experiments performed in a multi-metal synthetic wastewater showed that BC could remove up to 96% of Zn and 97% of Cd. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated a low-carbon approach to produce low-cost, green and biodegradable BC-based bio-adsorbents, without any chemical modification. Their potential in wastewater-treatment-applications was highlighted, promoting closed-loop systems within the circular economy era. This study may serve as an orientation for future research towards competitive or targeted adsorption technologies for wastewater treatment or resources recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminta Tsouko
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotirios Pilafidis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kourmentza
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Green Chemicals Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giannis Sarris
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Panagiota Koralli
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Sarris
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical & Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400, Lemnos, Greece
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Liu Y, Liu H, Guo S, Zhao Y, Qi J, Zhang R, Ren J, Cheng H, Zong M, Wu X, Li B. A review of carbon nanomaterials/bacterial cellulose composites for nanomedicine applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121445. [PMID: 37940307 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) mainly include fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and their derivatives. As a new type of material in the field of nanomaterials, it has outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as minor size effects, substantial specific surface area, extremely high reaction activity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability, which have attracted widespread attention in the medical community in the past decade. However, the single use of carbon nanomaterials has problems such as self-aggregation and poor water solubility. Researchers have recently combined them with bacterial cellulose to form a new intelligent composite material to improve the defects of carbon nanomaterials. This composite material has been widely synthesized and used in targeted drug delivery, biosensors, antibacterial dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and other nanomedicine fields. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of carbon nanomaterials based on bacterial cellulose in nanomedicine. In addition, the potential cytotoxicity of these composite materials and their components in vitro and in vivo was discussed, as well as the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Susu Guo
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianing Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiyi Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Troncoso OP, Corman-Hijar JI, Torres FG. Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Fabrication of Triboelectric Nano-Generators (TENGs)-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15784. [PMID: 37958768 PMCID: PMC10647769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth in population and increased environmental awareness demand the emergence of new energy sources with low environmental impact. Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. These materials have been used in the energy industry for the production of biofuels as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. However, their use in the fabrication of small electronic devices is still under development. Lignocellulose-based triboelectric nanogenerators (LC-TENGs) have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional batteries, which are mainly composed of harmful and non-degradable materials. These LC-TENGs use lignocellulose-based components, which serve as electrodes or triboelectric active materials. These materials can be derived from bulk materials such as wood, seeds, or leaves, or they can be derived from waste materials from the timber industry, agriculture, or recycled urban materials. LC-TENG devices represent an eco-friendly, low-cost, and effective mechanism for harvesting environmental mechanical energy to generate electricity, enabling the development of self-powered devices and sensors. In this study, a comprehensive review of lignocellulosic-based materials was conducted to highlight their use as both electrodes and triboelectric active surfaces in the development of novel eco-friendly triboelectric nano-generators (LC-TENGs). The composition of lignocellulose and the classification and applications of LC-TENGs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru; (O.P.T.); (J.I.C.-H.)
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Kuznetsova LS, Arlyapov VA, Plekhanova YV, Tarasov SE, Kharkova AS, Saverina EA, Reshetilov AN. Conductive Polymers and Their Nanocomposites: Application Features in Biosensors and Biofuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3783. [PMID: 37765637 PMCID: PMC10536614 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers and their composites are excellent materials for coupling biological materials and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. It is assumed that their relevance and introduction to the field of bioelectrochemical devices will only grow due to their tunable conductivity, easy modification, and biocompatibility. This review analyzes the main trends and trends in the development of the methodology for the application of conductive polymers and their use in biosensors and biofuel elements, as well as describes their future prospects. Approaches to the synthesis of such materials and the peculiarities of obtaining their nanocomposites are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the features of the interfaces of such materials with biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov S. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Plekhanova
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergei E. Tarasov
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna S. Kharkova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A. Saverina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly N. Reshetilov
- Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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8
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Production of nanoparticles from resistant starch via a simple three-step physical treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Martins VGFC, Alencar LMR, Souza PFN, Lorentino CMA, Frota HF, dos Santos ALS, Gemini-Piperni S, Morandi V, Rodrigues VG, Pereira JX, Ricci-Junior E, de Barros AODS, Santos-Oliveira R. Wound dressing using graphene quantum dots: a proof of concept. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-023-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Gabryś T, Fryczkowska B, Jančič U, Trček J, Gorgieva S. GO-Enabled Bacterial Cellulose Membranes by Multistep, In Situ Loading: Effect of Bacterial Strain and Loading Pattern on Nanocomposite Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031296. [PMID: 36770302 PMCID: PMC9921428 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and properties of GO/BC nanocomposite from bacterial cellulose (BC) modified with graphene oxide (GO) using the in situ method. Two bacterial strains were used for the biosynthesis of the BC: Komagataeibacter intermedius LMG 18909 and Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans LMG 18788. A simple biosynthesis method was developed, where GO water dispersion was added to reinforced acetic acid-ethanol (RAE) medium at concentrations of 10 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm at 24 h and 48 h intervals. As a result, a GO/BC nanocomposite membrane was obtained, characterized by tensile strength greater by 150% as compared with the pure BC (̴ 50 MPa) and lower volume resistivity of ~4 ∙ 109 Ω × cm. Moreover, GO addition increases membrane thickness up to ~10% and affects higher mass production, especially with low GO concentration. All of this may indicate the possibility of using GO/BC membranes in fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiasz Gabryś
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Beata Fryczkowska
- Department of Environmental Protection and Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Urška Jančič
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Janja Trček
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška Cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Rahmadiawan D, Abral H, Kotodeli RA, Sugiarti E, Muslimin AN, Admi RI, Arafat A, Kim HJ, Sapuan S, Kosasih EA. A Novel Highly Conductive, Transparent, and Strong Pure-Cellulose Film from TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose by Increasing Sonication Power. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030643. [PMID: 36771944 PMCID: PMC9921593 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a conductive cellulose film without any metal compounds remains challenging, though in great demand. However, cellulose film prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) powder without any metal compounds has poor tensile, physical, and electrical properties, thus limiting its application. Herein, this study aims to prepare and characterize an all-cellulose film from 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC) powders without adding metal compounds and treated by ultrasonication. TOBC powders are sonicated with various powers of 250, 500, and 750 W for 20 min without any other substance. It was proved that increasing the ultrasonication power level resulted in a significant improvement in the properties of the film. The ultrasonication of 750 W increased tensile strength by 85%, toughness by 308%, light transmittance by 542%, and electrical conductivity by 174% compared to the nonsonicated film. A light-emitting diode connected to a power source through this sonicated film was much brighter than that connected via a nonsonicated film. For the first time, this study reports the preparation of electrically conductive, transparent, strong, and bendable pure TOBC films by increasing ultrasonic power for environmentally friendly electronic devices application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Rahmadiawan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang 25173, Indonesia
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafi Alzues Kotodeli
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Eni Sugiarti
- Laboratory of High-Temperature Coating, Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Serpong, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Novi Muslimin
- Laboratory of High-Temperature Coating, Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Serpong, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Faculty of Defense Technology, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Isnanita Admi
- Laboratory of High-Temperature Coating, Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Serpong, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Andril Arafat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang 25173, Indonesia
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Program in Environmental Materials Science, Research Institute for Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - S.M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Engkos Achmad Kosasih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kampus UI, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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12
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Wei J, Zhao C, Hou Z, Li Y, Li H, Xiang D, Wu Y, Que Y. Preparation, Properties, and Mechanism of Flame-Retardant Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels Based on the Multi-Directional Freezing Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415919. [PMID: 36555563 PMCID: PMC9784135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and phosphated cellulose (PCF) were employed to synthesize poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels (PVA/PCF/α-ZrP) with excellent flame retardancy through the multi-directional freezing method. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke release (TSR), and CO production (COP) of the (PVA/PCF10/α-ZrP10-3) composite aerogel were considerably decreased by 42.3%, 41.4%, and 34.7%, as compared to the pure PVA aerogel, respectively. Simultaneously, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 18.1% to 28.4%. The mechanistic study of flame retardancy showed evidence that PCF and α-ZrP promoted the crosslinking and carbonization of PVA chains to form a barrier, which not only served as insulation between the material and the air, but also significantly reduced the emissions of combustible toxic gases (CO2, CO). In addition, the multi-directional freezing method further improved the catalytic carbonization process. This mutually advantageous strategy offers a new strategy for the preparation of composite aerogels with enhanced fire resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Wei
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhaorun Hou
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- State Key Laboratory Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu 610500, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Li
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field, School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yusheng Que
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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13
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Preparation of an Active Dressing by In Situ Biosynthesis of a Bacterial Cellulose–Graphene Oxide Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142864. [PMID: 35890640 PMCID: PMC9321042 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a simple method of obtaining a bacterial cellulose (BC) composite with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) using an in situ method and studies the influence of GO nanoparticles on the structure and properties of the obtained membranes. Microorganisms obtained from Golden Delicious apple vinegar were used to obtain the BC. During the biosynthesis, GO was introduced in the amounts of 3.7, 5.4 and 7.1% w/w. The resulting BC/GO composite was characterized by high water content (~400%), a thickness of about 1.1 mm (in wet form) and a cellulose nanofiber diameter of ~100 nm. The possibility of using the resulting composite membranes as potential active dressings with the sustained-release analgesic medicine—paracetamol—was investigated. The BC/GO composite membranes were characterized by a medicine sorption of 60 mg/g of BC, a slow desorption time, a constant medicine concentration over time and an 80% paracetamol release rate after 24 h. The morphology of membrane surfaces and cross-sections were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray structure studies (WAXS) as well as thermal analysis (TGA) demonstrated the presence of GO in the BC matrix and interactions between the matrix and the additive.
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14
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Biodegradable Polymer Matrix Composites Containing Graphene-Related Materials for Antibacterial Applications: A Critical Review. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:1-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Colonisation by Fibroblasts and Antimicrobial Properties of Surgical Meshes Coated with Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094835. [PMID: 35563224 PMCID: PMC9105287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hernia repairs are the most common abdominal wall elective procedures performed by general surgeons. Hernia-related postoperative infective complications occur with 10% frequency. To counteract the risk of infection emergence, the development of effective, biocompatible and antimicrobial mesh adjuvants is required. Therefore, the aim of our in vitro investigation was to evaluate the suitability of bacterial cellulose (BC) polymer coupled with gentamicin (GM) antibiotic as an absorbent layer of surgical mesh. Our research included the assessment of GM-BC-modified meshes’ cytotoxicity against fibroblasts ATCC CCL-1 and a 60-day duration cell colonisation measurement. The obtained results showed no cytotoxic effect of modified meshes. The quantified fibroblast cells levels resembled a bimodal distribution depending on the time of culturing and the type of mesh applied. The measured GM minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.47 µg/mL. Results obtained in the modified disc-diffusion method showed that GM-BC-modified meshes inhibited bacterial growth more effectively than non-coated meshes. The results of our study indicate that BC-modified hernia meshes, fortified with appropriate antimicrobial, may be applied as effective implants in hernia surgery, preventing risk of infection occurrence and providing a high level of biocompatibility with regard to fibroblast cells.
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16
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Kaczmarek M, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Ludwicka K. Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Synthesized by Chosen Komagataeibacter Strains and Their Application Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063391. [PMID: 35328811 PMCID: PMC8950309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a comparative analysis of bacterial cellulose membranes synthesized by several strains of the Komagataeibacter genus in terms of their specific physical, physico-chemical, and mechanical properties. Herein, the aim was to choose the most suitable microorganisms producing cellulosic materials with the greatest potential for the fabrication of bio-inspired nanocomposites. The selection was based on three main steps, starting from the evaluation of BNC biosynthetic efficiency with and without the addition of ethanol, followed by the assessment of mechanical breaking strength, and the physical parameters (compactness, structural integrity, appearance, and thickness) of the obtained biological materials. Ultimately, based on the performed screening procedure, three efficiently growing strains (K. hansenii H3 (6Et), K. rhaeticus K4 (8Et), and Komagataeibacter sp. isolated from balsamic vinegar (12Et)) were chosen for further modifications, enabling additional cellulose functionalization. Here, supplementation of the growth medium with five representative polymeric compounds (citrus/apple pectin, wheat starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol) led to significant changes in BNC properties, especially dye loading abilities, mechanical strength, and water adsorption/retention capacities. The resulting nanocomposites can be potentially useful in various fields of medicine and industry, and in the future, they may become a practical and cost-effective competitor against commercial biomaterials currently available on the market.
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17
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Jankau J, Błażyńska‐Spychalska A, Kubiak K, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Pankiewicz T, Ludwicka K, Dettlaff A, Pęksa R. Bacterial Cellulose Properties Fulfilling Requirements for a Biomaterial of Choice in Reconstructive Surgery and Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:805053. [PMID: 35223815 PMCID: PMC8873821 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.805053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new therapeutic approaches for surgery and wound healing have recently made a great progress, there is still need for application of better and use novel methods to enhance biocompatibility as well as recovery and healing process. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is natural cellulose in the form of nanostructure which has the advantages of being used in human body. The medical application of BC in reconstructive, cardiac and vascular surgery as well as wound healing is still under development, but without proved success of repetitive results. A review of studies on Bacterial Cellulose (BC) since 2016 was performed, taking into account the latest reports on the clinical use of BC. In addition, data on the physicochemical properties of BC were used. In all the works, satisfactory results of using Bacterial Cellulose were obtained. In all presented studies various BC implants demonstrated their best performance. Additionally, the works show that BC has the capacity to reach physiological as well as mechanical properties of relevance for various tissue replacement and can be produced in surgeons as well as patient specific expectations such as ear frames, vascular tubes or heart valves as well as wound healing dressings. Results of those experiments conform to those of previous reports utilizing ADM (acellular dermal matrix) and demonstrate that the use of BC has no adverse effects such as ulceration or extrusion and possesses expected properties. Based on preliminary animal as well as the few clinical data BC fittings are promising implants for various reconstructive applications since they are biocompatible with properties allowing blood flow, attach easily to wound bed and remain in place until donor site is healed properly. Additionally, this review shows that BC can be fabricated into patient specific shapes and size, with capability to reach mechanical properties of relevance for heart valve, ear, and muscle replacement. Bacterial cellulose appears, as shown in the above review, to be one of the materials that allow extensive application in the reconstruction after soft tissue defects. Review was created to show the needs of surgeons and the possibilities of using BC through the eyes and knowledge of biotechnologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Jankau
- Department of Plastic Surgery Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jerzy Jankau,
| | | | - Katarzyna Kubiak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Teresa Pankiewicz
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Ludwicka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology Lodz, University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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18
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Cao S, Li Q, Zhang S, Liu K, Yang Y, Chen J. Oxidized bacterial cellulose reinforced nanocomposite scaffolds for bone repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112316. [PMID: 35026542 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been widely used in promoting the repair and regeneration of bone defects. Tissue-engineered bone scaffolds can simulate the extracellular matrix environment and induce the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The first issues to be considered when constructing bone repair scaffolds include biocompatibility, stress resistance, degradability and stability. Here, a low-cost manufacturing introduces a new bone repair composite scaffold (CS/OBC/nHAP). The scaffolds were composed of only natural derived components, including nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) formed by in-situ crystallization of Ca2+/PO42- solution and evenly dispersed in oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) and chitosan (CS) scaffolds. The experimental results showed that compared with CS/nHAP scaffold, CS/OBC/nHAP scaffold has significantly improve mechanical properties and water retention performance, and has a more stable degradation rate. Cell experiments showed that the CS/OBC/nHAP scaffold has good biocompatibility and significantly promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The rat skull defect model further proves that the CS/OBC/nHAP scaffold could induce the formation of bone tissue. Meanwhile, H&E staining experiment show that the CS/OBC/nHAP scaffold has good stability in vivo and could better promote the formation of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264299, China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264299, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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19
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Stoica D, Alexe P, Ivan AS, Stanciu S, Tatu DM, Stoica M. Bioplastics from Biomass. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Torres FG, De-la-Torre GE. Synthesis, characteristics, and applications of modified starch nanoparticles: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:289-305. [PMID: 34863968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, starch nanoparticles (SNPs) are drawing attention to the scientific community due to their versatility and wide range of applications. Although several works have extensively addressed the SNP production routes, not much is discussed about the SNPs modification techniques, as well as the use of modified SNPs in typical and unconventional applications. Here, we focused on the SNP modification strategies and characteristics and performance of the resulting products, as well as their practical applications, while pointing out the main limitations and recommendations. We aim to guide researchers by identifying the next steps in this emerging line of research. SNPs esterification and oxidation are preferred chemical modifications, which result in changes in the functional groups. Moreover, additional polymers are incorporated into the SNP surface through copolymer grafting. Physical modification of starch has demonstrated similar changes in the functional groups without the need for toxic chemicals. Modified SNPs rendered differentiated properties, such as size, shape, crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and Zeta-potential. For multiple applications, tailoring the aforementioned properties is key to the performance of nanoparticle-based systems. However, the number of studies focusing on emerging applications is fairly limited, while their applications as drug delivery systems lack in vivo studies. The main challenges and prospects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 15088, Peru.
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21
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Liu Q, Sun W, Yuan T, Liang SB, Peng F, Yao CL. Green and cost-effective synthesis of flexible, highly conductive cellulose nanofiber/reduced graphene oxide composite film with deep eutectic solvent. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118514. [PMID: 34420756 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing efficient strategy for nanomaterials dispersion is the key for promoting the utilization of cellulose-based composite in energy storage devices. In this study, an instant synthesis method for cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite film with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and urea as a media is developed. This DES shows favorable abilities of recyclability, materials dispersion, and could adjust the pH value for reaction systems of neutral to alkaline which in favor of electrostatic repulsion arising from deprotonated carboxyl groups at the composite surface. As-obtained films feature excellent flexibility, high electrical conductivity (as high as 26.47 S∙cm-1) and well electrochemical properties. Furthermore, a little amount of nitrogen atoms (~3.0 at%) could be introduced in the composite at a mild condition. Overall, this approach offers the potential for cost-effective, environmentally friendly and large-scale production of cellulose-based electrode and numerous advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai-Bo Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Li Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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22
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Almeida T, Silvestre AJD, Vilela C, Freire CSR. Bacterial Nanocellulose toward Green Cosmetics: Recent Progresses and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2836. [PMID: 33799554 PMCID: PMC8000719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the skin care field, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a versatile polysaccharide produced by non-pathogenic acetic acid bacteria, has received increased attention as a promising candidate to replace synthetic polymers (e.g., nylon, polyethylene, polyacrylamides) commonly used in cosmetics. The applicability of BNC in cosmetics has been mainly investigated as a carrier of active ingredients or as a structuring agent of cosmetic formulations. However, with the sustainability issues that are underway in the highly innovative cosmetic industry and with the growth prospects for the market of bio-based products, a much more prominent role is envisioned for BNC in this field. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent (last 5 years) and relevant developments and challenges in the research of BNC applied to cosmetic, aiming at inspiring future research to go beyond in the applicability of this exceptional biotechnological material in such a promising area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen S. R. Freire
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.A.); (A.J.D.S.); (C.V.)
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