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Jassi C, kuo WW, Kuo CH, Chang CM, Chen MC, Shih TC, Li CC, Huang CY. Mediation of radiation-induced bystander effect and epigenetic modification: The role of exosomes in cancer radioresistance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34460. [PMID: 39114003 PMCID: PMC11304029 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by almost all mammalian cells. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring biologically active molecules from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. Ionizing radiation influences exosome production and molecular cargo loading. In cancer management, ionizing radiation is a form of treatment that exerts its cancer cytotoxicity by induction of DNA damage and other alterations to the targeted tissue cells. However, normal bystander non-targeted cells may exhibit the effects of ionizing radiation, a phenomenon called radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). The mutual communication between the two groups of cells (targeted and non-targeted) via radiation-influenced exosomes enables the exchange of radiosensitive molecules. This facilitates indirect radiation exposure, leading, among other effects, to epigenetic remodeling and subsequent adaptation to radiation. This review discusses the role exosomes play in epigenetically induced radiotherapy resistance through the mediation of RIBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikondi Jassi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen kuo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Chun-Ming Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- Department of Biomedical Imaging & Radiological Science College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Charalampopoulou A, Barcellini A, Peloso A, Vanoli A, Cesari S, Icaro Cornaglia A, Bistika M, Croce S, Cobianchi L, Ivaldi GB, Locati LD, Magro G, Tabarelli de Fatis P, Pullia MG, Orlandi E, Facoetti A. Unlocking the Potential Role of Decellularized Biological Scaffolds as a 3D Radiobiological Model for Low- and High-LET Irradiation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2582. [PMID: 39061220 PMCID: PMC11274431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds have emerged as a promising three-dimensional (3D) model, but so far there are no data concerning their use in radiobiological studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We seeded two well-known radioresistant cell lines (HMV-II and PANC-1) in decellularized porcine liver-derived scaffolds and irradiated them with both high- (Carbon Ions) and low- (Photons) Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation in order to test whether a natural 3D-bioscaffold might be a useful tool for radiobiological research and to achieve an evaluation that could be as near as possible to what happens in vivo. RESULTS Biological scaffolds provided a favorable 3D environment for cell proliferation and expansion. Cells did not show signs of dedifferentiation and retained their distinct phenotype coherently with their anatomopathological and clinical behaviors. The radiobiological response to high LET was higher for HMV-II and PANC-1 compared to the low LET. In particular, Carbon Ions reduced the melanogenesis in HMV-II and induced more cytopathic effects and the substantial cell deterioration of both cell lines compared to photons. CONCLUSIONS In addition to offering a suitable 3D model for radiobiological research and an appropriate setting for preclinical oncological analysis, we can attest that bioscaffolds seemed cost-effective due to their ease of use, low maintenance requirements, and lack of complex technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Hadron Academy PhD Course, School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Radiation Oncology Unit, Clinical Department, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.)
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesari
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (S.C.)
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Icaro Cornaglia
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Margarita Bistika
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefania Croce
- Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Cobianchi
- Department of General Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Collegium Medicum, University of Social Sciences, 90-419 Łodz, Poland
| | | | - Laura Deborah Locati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientific Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Medical Physics Unit, Clinical Department, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Giuseppe Pullia
- Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ester Orlandi
- CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Radiation Oncology Unit, Clinical Department, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Facoetti
- CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Toprani SM, Scheibler C, Mordukhovich I, McNeely E, Nagel ZD. Cosmic Ionizing Radiation: A DNA Damaging Agent That May Underly Excess Cancer in Flight Crews. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7670. [PMID: 39062911 PMCID: PMC11277465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration has officially classified flight crews (FC) consisting of commercial pilots, cabin crew, or flight attendants as "radiation workers" since 1994 due to the potential for cosmic ionizing radiation (CIR) exposure at cruising altitudes originating from solar activity and galactic sources. Several epidemiological studies have documented elevated incidence and mortality for several cancers in FC, but it has not yet been possible to establish whether this is attributable to CIR. CIR and its constituents are known to cause a myriad of DNA lesions, which can lead to carcinogenesis unless DNA repair mechanisms remove them. But critical knowledge gaps exist with regard to the dosimetry of CIR, the role of other genotoxic exposures among FC, and whether possible biological mechanisms underlying higher cancer rates observed in FC exist. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of DNA damage and repair responses relevant to exposure to CIR in FC. We aimed to stimulate new research directions and provide information that will be useful for guiding regulatory, public health, and medical decision-making to protect and mitigate the risks for those who travel by air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M. Toprani
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Christopher Scheibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Irina Mordukhovich
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
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Chattaraj A, Selvam TP. Radiation-induced DNA damage by proton, helium and carbon ions in human fibroblast cell: Geant4-DNA and MCDS-based study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045059. [PMID: 38870909 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad57ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Background. Radiation-induced DNA damages such as Single Strand Break (SSB), Double Strand Break (DSB) and Complex DSB (cDSB) are critical aspects of radiobiology with implications in radiotherapy and radiation protection applications.Materials and Methods. This study presents a thorough investigation into the effects of protons (0.1-100 MeV/u), helium ions (0.13-100 MeV/u) and carbon ions (0.5-480 MeV/u) on DNA of human fibroblast cells using Geant4-DNA track structure code coupled with DBSCAN algorithm and Monte Carlo Damage Simulations (MCDS) code. Geant4-DNA-based simulations consider 1μm × 1μm × 0.5μm water box as the target to calculate energy deposition on event-by-event basis and the three-dimensional coordinates of the interaction location, and then DBSCAN algorithm is used to calculate yields of SSB, DSB and cDSB in human fibroblast cell. The study investigated the influence of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of protons, helium ions and carbon ions on the yields of DNA damages. Influence of cellular oxygenation on DNA damage patterns is investigated using MCDS code.Results. The study shows that DSB and SSB yields are influenced by the LET of the particles, with distinct trends observed for different particles. The cellular oxygenation is a key factor, with anoxic cells exhibiting reduced SSB and DSB yields, underscoring the intricate relationship between cellular oxygen levels and DNA damage. The study introduced DSB/SSB ratio as an informative metric for evaluating the severity of radiation-induced DNA damage, particularly in higher LET regions.Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of considering particle type, LET, and cellular oxygenation in assessing the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Chattaraj
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - T Palani Selvam
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Michaeli O, Luz I, Vatarescu M, Manko T, Weizman N, Korotinsky Y, Tsitrina A, Braiman A, Arazi L, Cooks T. APR-246 as a radiosensitization strategy for mutant p53 cancers treated with alpha-particles-based radiotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:426. [PMID: 38890278 PMCID: PMC11189442 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) remains a common treatment for cancer patients worldwide, despite the development of targeted biological compounds and immunotherapeutic drugs. The challenge in RT lies in delivering a lethal dose to the cancerous site while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Low linear energy transfer (low-LET) and high linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiations have distinct effects on cells. High-LET radiation, such as alpha particles, induces clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), potentially inducing cell death more effectively. However, due to limited range, alpha-particle therapies have been restricted. In human cancer, mutations in TP53 (encoding for the p53 tumor suppressor) are the most common genetic alteration. It was previously reported that cells carrying wild-type (WT) p53 exhibit accelerated senescence and significant rates of apoptosis in response to RT, whereas cells harboring mutant p53 (mutp53) do not. This study investigated the combination of the alpha-emitting atoms RT based on internal Radium-224 (224Ra) sources and systemic APR-246 (a p53 reactivating compound) to treat tumors with mutant p53. Cellular models of colorectal cancer (CRC) or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harboring mutant p53, were exposed to alpha particles, and tumor xenografts with mutant p53 were treated using 224Ra source and APR-246. Effects on cell survival and tumor growth, were assessed. The spread of alpha emitters in tumors was also evaluated as well as the spatial distribution of apoptosis within the treated tumors. We show that mutant p53 cancer cells exhibit radio-sensitivity to alpha particles in vitro and to alpha-particles-based RT in vivo. APR-246 treatment enhanced sensitivity to alpha radiation, leading to reduced tumor growth and increased rates of tumor eradication. Combining alpha-particles-based RT with p53 restoration via APR-246 triggered cell death, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to provide a promising approach for improving treatment outcomes in patients with mutant p53 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Michaeli
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ishai Luz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maayan Vatarescu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Manko
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Weizman
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yevgeniya Korotinsky
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Tsitrina
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Arazi
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tomer Cooks
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Radstake WE, Parisi A, Miranda S, Gautam K, Vermeesen R, Rehnberg E, Tabury K, Coppes R, van Goethem MJ, Brandenburg S, Weber U, Fournier C, Durante M, Baselet B, Baatout S. Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in cortisol exposed fibroblasts as quantified with the novel foci-integrated damage complexity score (FIDCS). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10400. [PMID: 38710823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Without the protective shielding of Earth's atmosphere, astronauts face higher doses of ionizing radiation in space, causing serious health concerns. Highly charged and high energy (HZE) particles are particularly effective in causing complex and difficult-to-repair DNA double-strand breaks compared to low linear energy transfer. Additionally, chronic cortisol exposure during spaceflight raises further concerns, although its specific impact on DNA damage and repair remains unknown. This study explorers the effect of different radiation qualities (photons, protons, carbon, and iron ions) on the DNA damage and repair of cortisol-conditioned primary human dermal fibroblasts. Besides, we introduce a new measure, the Foci-Integrated Damage Complexity Score (FIDCS), to assess DNA damage complexity by analyzing focus area and fluorescent intensity. Our results show that the FIDCS captured the DNA damage induced by different radiation qualities better than counting the number of foci, as traditionally done. Besides, using this measure, we were able to identify differences in DNA damage between cortisol-exposed cells and controls. This suggests that, besides measuring the total number of foci, considering the complexity of the DNA damage by means of the FIDCS can provide additional and, in our case, improved information when comparing different radiation qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina E Radstake
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessio Parisi
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Silvana Miranda
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kiran Gautam
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Randy Vermeesen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Emil Rehnberg
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Rob Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Jan van Goethem
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sytze Brandenburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Division, GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rajpurohit YS, Sharma DK, Lal M, Soni I. A perspective on tumor radiation resistance following high-LET radiation treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:226. [PMID: 38696003 PMCID: PMC11065934 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is a promising alternative to conventional low-LET radiation for therapeutic gain against cancer owing to its ability to induce complex and clustered DNA lesions. However, the development of radiation resistance poses a significant barrier. The potential molecular mechanisms that could confer resistance development are translesion synthesis (TLS), replication gap suppression (RGS) mechanisms, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, release of exosomes, and epigenetic changes. This article will discuss various types of complex clustered DNA damage, their repair mechanisms, mutagenic potential, and the development of radiation resistance strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of careful consideration and patient selection when employing high-LET radiotherapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Singh Rajpurohit
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Sharma
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Mitu Lal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2-46-S, Modular Lab, A-Block, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ishu Soni
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, DAE- Deemed University, Mumbai, 400094, India
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8
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Ramesh P, Ruan D, Liu SJ, Seo Y, Braunstein S, Sheng K. Hypoxia-informed RBE-weighted beam orientation optimization for intensity modulated proton therapy. Med Phys 2024; 51:2320-2333. [PMID: 38345134 PMCID: PMC10940223 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variable relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models in treatment planning have been proposed to optimize the therapeutic ratio of proton therapy. It has been reported that proton RBE decreases with increasing tumor oxygen level, offering an opportunity to address hypoxia-related radioresistance with RBE-weighted optimization. PURPOSE Here, we obtain a voxel-level estimation of partial oxygen pressure to weigh RBE values in a single biologically informed beam orientation optimization (BOO) algorithm. METHODS Three glioblastoma patients with [18 F]-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)-PET/CT images were selected from the institutional database. Oxygen values were derived from tracer uptake using a nonlinear least squares curve fitting. McNamara RBE, calculated from proton dose, was then weighed using oxygen enhancement ratios (OER) for each voxel and incorporated into the dose fidelity term of the BOO algorithm. The nonlinear optimization problem was solved using a split-Bregman approach, with FISTA as the solver. The proposed hypoxia informed RBE-weighted method (HypRBE) was compared to dose fidelity terms using the constant RBE of 1.1 (cRBE) and the normoxic McNamara RBE model (RegRBE). Tumor homogeneity index (HI), maximum biological dose (Dmax), and D95%, as well as OAR therapeutic index (TI = gEUDCTV /gEUDOAR ) were evaluated along with worst-case statistics after normalization to normal tissue isotoxicity. RESULTS Compared to [cRBE, RegRBE], HypRBE increased tumor HI, Dmax, and D95% across all plans by on average [31.3%, 31.8%], [48.6%, 27.1%], and [50.4%, 23.8%], respectively. In the worst-case scenario, the parameters increase on average by [12.5%, 14.7%], [7.3%,-8.9%], and [22.3%, 2.1%]. Despite increased OAR Dmean and Dmax by [8.0%, 3.0%] and [13.1%, -0.1%], HypRBE increased average TI by [22.0%, 21.1%]. Worst-case OAR Dmean, Dmax, and TI worsened by [17.9%, 4.3%], [24.5%, -1.2%], and [9.6%, 10.5%], but in the best cases, HypRBE escalates tumor coverage significantly without compromising OAR dose, increasing the therapeutic ratio. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an optimization algorithm whose dose fidelity term accounts for hypoxia-informed RBE values. We have shown that HypRBE selects bE:\Alok\aaeams better suited to deliver high physical dose to low RBE, hypoxic tumor regions while sparing the radiosensitive normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Ramesh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. John Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steve Braunstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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9
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Zargar FA, Khanday MA, Ashraf M, Bhat R. Impact of radiation therapy on healthy and cancerous cell dynamics: a Mathematical analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38270349 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2308700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a novel therapeutic model for cancer treatment with radiation therapy by analyzing the interactions among cancer, immune and healthy cells through a system of three ordinary differential equations. In this model, the natural influx rate of mature immune cells is assumed constant and is denoted by, a. The overall effect of radiation therapy on cancer cells is represented by a parameter, s; which is the surviving fraction of cells as determined by the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model. Conditions for the stability of equilibria in the interaction model modified to include the surviving fraction, are systematically established in terms of the dose and model parameters. Numerical simulations are performed in Wolfram MATHEMATICA software, investigating a spectrum of initial cell population values irradiated with 60Co γ -ray Low-LET radiation and High-LET 165 keV / μ m Ni-ion radiation to facilitate improved visualization and in-depth analysis. By analyzing the model, this study identifies threshold values for the absorbed dose D for particular values of the model and radiation parameters for both High Linear Energy Transfer (high-LET) and Low Linear Energy Transfer (low-LET) radiations that ensure either eradication or minimization of cancer cells from a patient's body, providing valuable insights for designing effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Zargar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - M A Khanday
- Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mudasir Ashraf
- Radiological Physics, Department of Radiodiagnosis, JNMC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - R Bhat
- Department of Mathematics, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, LPU, Phagwara, India
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10
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Sodji QH, Forsberg MH, Cappabianca D, Kerr CP, Sarko L, Shea A, Adam DP, Eickhoff JC, Ong IM, Hernandez R, Weichert J, Bednarz BP, Saha K, Sondel PM, Capitini CM, Morris ZS. Comparative Study of the Effect of Radiation Delivered by Lutetium-177 or Actinium-225 on Anti-GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Viability and Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:191. [PMID: 38201618 PMCID: PMC10778389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been relatively ineffective against solid tumors. Low-dose radiation which can be delivered to multiple sites of metastases by targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) can elicit immunostimulatory effects. However, TRT has never been combined with CAR T cells against solid tumors in a clinical setting. This study investigated the effects of radiation delivered by Lutetium-177 (177Lu) and Actinium-225 (225Ac) on the viability and effector function of CAR T cells in vitro to evaluate the feasibility of such therapeutic combinations. After the irradiation of anti-GD2 CAR T cells with various doses of radiation delivered by 177Lu or 225Ac, their viability and cytotoxic activity against GD2-expressing human CHLA-20 neuroblastoma and melanoma M21 cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of the exhaustion marker PD-1, activation marker CD69 and the activating receptor NKG2D was measured on the irradiated anti-GD2 CAR T cells. Both 177Lu and 225Ac displayed a dose-dependent toxicity on anti-GD2 CAR T cells. However, radiation enhanced the cytotoxic activity of these CAR T cells against CHLA-20 and M21 irrespective of the dose tested and the type of radionuclide. No significant changes in the expression of PD-1, CD69 and NKG2D was noted on the CAR T cells following irradiation. Given a lower CAR T cell viability at equal doses and an enhancement of cytotoxic activity irrespective of the radionuclide type, 177Lu-based TRT may be preferred over 225Ac-based TRT when evaluating a potential synergism between these therapies in vivo against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaovi H. Sodji
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.P.K.); (A.S.); (P.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.H.F.); (C.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Matthew H. Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.H.F.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Dan Cappabianca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Caroline P. Kerr
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.P.K.); (A.S.); (P.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Lauren Sarko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Amanda Shea
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.P.K.); (A.S.); (P.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
| | - David P. Adam
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.C.E.); (I.M.O.)
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.C.E.); (I.M.O.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Jamey Weichert
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Bryan P. Bednarz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (D.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Paul M. Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.P.K.); (A.S.); (P.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.H.F.); (C.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.H.F.); (C.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Zachary S. Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.P.K.); (A.S.); (P.M.S.); (Z.S.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.H.F.); (C.M.C.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (R.H.); (J.W.); (B.P.B.); (K.S.)
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11
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Kouri MA, Spyratou E, Kalkou ME, Patatoukas G, Angelopoulou E, Tremi I, Havaki S, Gorgoulis VG, Kouloulias V, Platoni K, Efstathopoulos EP. Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiotherapy: Unraveling Dose Enhancement and Apoptotic Responses in Cancer and Normal Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1720. [PMID: 38136591 PMCID: PMC10742116 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a pressing global health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies. Radiotherapy, a fundamental treatment modality, has faced challenges such as targeted dose deposition and radiation exposure to healthy tissues, limiting optimal outcomes. To address these hurdles, nanomaterials, specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have emerged as a promising avenue. This study delves into the realm of cervical cancer radiotherapy through the meticulous exploration of AuNPs' impact. Utilizing ex vivo experiments involving cell lines, this research dissected intricate radiobiological interactions. Detailed scrutiny of cell survival curves, dose enhancement factors (DEFs), and apoptosis in both cancer and normal cervical cells revealed profound insights. The outcomes showcased the substantial enhancement of radiation responses in cancer cells following AuNP treatment, resulting in heightened cell death and apoptotic levels. Significantly, the most pronounced effects were observed 24 h post-irradiation, emphasizing the pivotal role of timing in AuNPs' efficacy. Importantly, AuNPs exhibited targeted precision, selectively impacting cancer cells while preserving normal cells. This study illuminates the potential of AuNPs as potent radiosensitizers in cervical cancer therapy, offering a tailored and efficient approach. Through meticulous ex vivo experimentation, this research expands our comprehension of the complex dynamics between AuNPs and cells, laying the foundation for their optimized clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anthi Kouri
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 265 Riverside St., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ellas Spyratou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kalkou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Patatoukas
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Evangelia Angelopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Tremi
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (S.H.); (V.G.G.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Vassilis Kouloulias
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Kalliopi Platoni
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.A.K.); (E.S.); (G.P.); (V.K.); (K.P.)
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12
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Heemskerk T, van de Kamp G, Essers J, Kanaar R, Paul MW. Multi-scale cellular imaging of DNA double strand break repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 131:103570. [PMID: 37734176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy are powerful tools to study the organization and dynamics of DNA double-strand break repair foci and specific repair proteins in single cells. This requires specific induction of DNA double-strand breaks and fluorescent markers to follow the DNA lesions in living cells. In this review, where we focused on mammalian cell studies, we discuss different methods to induce DNA double-strand breaks, how to visualize and quantify repair foci in living cells., We describe different (live-cell) imaging modalities that can reveal details of the DNA double-strand break repair process across multiple time and spatial scales. In addition, recent developments are discussed in super-resolution imaging and single-molecule tracking, and how these technologies can be applied to elucidate details on structural compositions or dynamics of DNA double-strand break repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Heemskerk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerarda van de Kamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten W Paul
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Melia E, Parsons J. DNA damage and repair dependencies of ionising radiation modalities. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222586. [PMID: 37695845 PMCID: PMC10548165 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is utilised in the treatment of ∼50% of all human cancers, which predominantly employs photon radiation. However, particle radiotherapy elicits significant benefits over conventional photons due to more precise dose deposition and increased linear energy transfer (LET) that generates an enhanced therapeutic response. Specifically, proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are characterised by a Bragg peak, which generates a low entrance radiation dose, with the majority of the energy deposition being defined within a small region which can be specifically targeted to the tumour, followed by a low exit dose. PBT is deemed relatively low-LET whereas CIRT is more densely ionising and therefore high LET. Despite the radiotherapy type, tumour cell killing relies heavily on the introduction of DNA damage that overwhelms the repair capacity of the tumour cells. It is known that DNA damage complexity increases with LET that leads to enhanced biological effectiveness, although the specific DNA repair pathways that are activated following the different radiation sources is unclear. This knowledge is required to determine whether specific proteins and enzymes within these pathways can be targeted to further increase the efficacy of the radiation. In this review, we provide an overview of the different radiation modalities and the DNA repair pathways that are responsive to these. We also provide up-to-date knowledge of studies examining the impact of LET and DNA damage complexity on DNA repair pathway choice, followed by evidence on how enzymes within these pathways could potentially be therapeutically exploited to further increase tumour radiosensitivity, and therefore radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Melia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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14
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Hull A, Hsieh W, Borysenko A, Tieu W, Bartholomeusz D, Bezak E. Development of [ 225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 as radioimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer: in vitro evaluation, dosimetric assessment and detector calibration. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:22. [PMID: 37679594 PMCID: PMC10484829 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy which may benefit from radioimmunotherapy. Previously, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-C595 has been developed as a beta-emitting radioimmunoconjugate to target cancer-specific mucin 1 epitopes (MUC1-CE) overexpressed on PDAC. However, the therapeutic effect may be enhanced by using an alpha-emitting radionuclide such as Actinium-225 (Ac-225). The short range and high linear energy transfer of alpha particles provides dense cellular damage and can overcome typical barriers related to PDAC treatment such as hypoxia. Despite the added cytotoxicity of alpha-emitters, their clinical implementation can be complicated by their complex decay chains, recoil energy and short-range impeding radiation detection. In this study, we developed and evaluated [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 as an alpha-emitting radioimmunotherapy against PDAC using a series of in vitro experiments and conducted a preliminary dosimetric assessment and cross-calibration of detectors for the clinical implementation of Ac-225. RESULTS Cell binding and internalisation of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 was rapid and greatest in cells with strong MUC1-CE expression. Over 99% of PDAC cells had positive yH2AX expression within 1 h of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 exposure, suggesting a high level of DNA damage. Clonogenic assays further illustrated the cytotoxicity of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595, cells with strong MUC1-CE expression had lower cell survival than cells with weak MUC1-CE expression, yet survival was similar between cell lines at high concentrations irrespective of MUC1-CE expression. A dosimetric assessment was performed to estimate the dose-rate of 1 kBq of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 with consideration to alpha particles. Total absorption of 1 kBq of Ac-225 was estimated to provide a dose rate of 17.5 mGy/h, confirmed via both detector measurements and calculations. CONCLUSION [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-C595 was shown to target and induce a therapeutic effect in MUC1-CE expressing PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hull
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Cnr North Tce and Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - William Hsieh
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Cnr North Tce and Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Artem Borysenko
- Radiation Protection Branch, South Australian Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dylan Bartholomeusz
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, City East Campus, Cnr North Tce and Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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15
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Faddegon B, Blakely EA, Burigo L, Censor Y, Dokic I, Kondo ND, Ortiz R, Méndez JR, Rucinski A, Schubert K, Wahl N, Schulte R. Ionization detail parameters and cluster dose: a mathematical model for selection of nanodosimetric quantities for use in treatment planning in charged particle radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/acea16. [PMID: 37489619 PMCID: PMC10565507 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acea16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To propose a mathematical model for applying ionization detail (ID), the detailed spatial distribution of ionization along a particle track, to proton and ion beam radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP).Approach. Our model provides for selection of preferred ID parameters (Ip) for RTP, that associate closest to biological effects. Cluster dose is proposed to bridge the large gap between nanoscopicIpand macroscopic RTP. Selection ofIpis demonstrated using published cell survival measurements for protons through argon, comparing results for nineteenIp:Nk,k= 2, 3, …, 10, the number of ionizations in clusters ofkor more per particle, andFk,k= 1, 2, …, 10, the number of clusters ofkor more per particle. We then describe application of the model to ID-based RTP and propose a path to clinical translation.Main results. The preferredIpwereN4andF5for aerobic cells,N5andF7for hypoxic cells. Significant differences were found in cell survival for beams having the same LET or the preferredNk. Conversely, there was no significant difference forF5for aerobic cells andF7for hypoxic cells, regardless of ion beam atomic number or energy. Further, cells irradiated with the same cluster dose for theseIphad the same cell survival. Based on these preliminary results and other compelling results in nanodosimetry, it is reasonable to assert thatIpexist that are more closely associated with biological effects than current LET-based approaches and microdosimetric RBE-based models used in particle RTP. However, more biological variables such as cell line and cycle phase, as well as ion beam pulse structure and rate still need investigation.Significance. Our model provides a practical means to select preferredIpfrom radiobiological data, and to convertIpto the macroscopic cluster dose for particle RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Faddegon
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Eleanor A. Blakely
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus St, Loma Linda,CA92350, United States of America
| | - Lucas Burigo
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yair Censor
- Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ivana Dokic
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Faculty of Medicine (MFHD) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naoki Domínguez Kondo
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Ramon Ortiz
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - José Ramos Méndez
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Antoni Rucinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Keith Schubert
- Baylor University, 1311 S 5th St, Waco, TX 76706, United States of America
| | - Niklas Wahl
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schulte
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA92350, United States of America
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16
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Tartas A, Lundholm L, Scherthan H, Wojcik A, Brzozowska B. The order of sequential exposure of U2OS cells to gamma and alpha radiation influences the formation and decay dynamics of NBS1 foci. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286902. [PMID: 37307266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are a deleterious form of DNA damage. Densely ionising alpha radiation predominantly induces complex DSBs and sparsely ionising gamma radiation-simple DSBs. We have shown that alphas and gammas, when applied simultaneously, interact in producing a higher DNA damage response (DDR) than predicted by additivity. The mechanisms of the interaction remain obscure. The present study aimed at testing whether the sequence of exposure to alphas and gammas has an impact on the DDR, visualised by live NBS1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) focus dynamics in U2OS cells. Focus formation, decay, intensity and mobility were analysed up to 5 h post exposure. Focus frequencies directly after sequential alpha → gamma and gamma → alpha exposure were similar to gamma alone, but gamma → alpha foci quickly declined below the expected values. Focus intensities and areas following alpha alone and alpha → gamma were larger than after gamma alone and gamma → alpha. Focus movement was most strongly attenuated by alpha → gamma. Overall, sequential alpha → gamma exposure induced the strongest change in characteristics and dynamics of NBS1-GFP foci. Possible explanation is that activation of the DDR is stronger when alpha-induced DNA damage precedes gamma-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the Univ. of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Timmins J. Recognition of DNA Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119682. [PMID: 37298630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The average human cell suffers from approximately 104-105 DNA lesions per day [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Timmins
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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18
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Mare SD, Nishri Y, Shai A, Efrati M, Deutsch L, Den RB, Kelson I, Keisari Y, Domankevich V. Diffusing Alpha-Emitters Radiation Therapy Promotes a Proimmunogenic Tumor Microenvironment and Synergizes With Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Blockade. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:707-718. [PMID: 36031029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy (DaRT) releases alpha-emitting atoms into the tumor microenvironment. The treatment effectively ablates human and mice xenografts and shows 100% response rates in skin or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. DaRT induces specific and systemic antitumor immune activation and synergizes with immune stimulation and modulation in mice. Here, the transcriptional profile activated by DaRT, and its potential to enhance responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibition by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade were studied. METHODS AND MATERIALS Squamous cell carcinoma tumor- bearing BALB/C mice were treated with DaRT or inert seeds in combination with anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) or IgG control antibody. Sixteen days after seed insertion, tumors and spleens were subjected to immunophenotyping and immunohistochemical staining. Combination of DaRT and aPD-1 was tested for efficacy. Gene expression analysis was performed on mRNA extracted from tumors 7 days after DaRT or inert insertion using Nanostring PanCancer-IO-360 panel, and tumors and spleens were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS DaRT in combination with aPD-1 delayed tumor development, induced CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes infiltration more efficiently than either monotherapy. The combined treatment reduced splenic polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cells more than aPD-1 therapy or control. Granzyme B release in the tumor was increased only in the combinational treatment and was correlated with T-lymphocyte infiltration. Gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis of mRNA levels 7 days after DaRT insertion indicated that DaRT upregulated apoptosis, p53 signaling, G1/S-related arrest, interferon signaling and myeloid related transcription, while downregulating DNA repair, cell proliferation, and notch-related transcription. Flow cytometry showed that DaRT increased dendritic cells activation and led to changes in MDSCs distribution. CONCLUSIONS DaRT promotes a "hot" tumor microenvironment and changes in immune suppression that lead to a potentiation of aPD-1 blockade induced effector T cell function and improved treatment efficacy. This study provides rationale for investigating DaRT and aPD-1 combination in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Del Mare
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Nishri
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Shai
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Margalit Efrati
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lisa Deutsch
- BioStats Statistical Consulting Ltd., Maccabim, Israel
| | - Robert B Den
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel; Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Itzhak Kelson
- Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Keisari
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vered Domankevich
- Translational Research Laboratory, Alpha Tau Medical Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel.
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19
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PD-L1: expression regulation. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:77-91. [DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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20
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Młynarczyk D, Puig P, Armero C, Gómez-Rubio V, Barquinero JF, Pujol-Canadell M. Radiation dose estimation with time-since-exposure uncertainty using the [Formula: see text]-H2AX biomarker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19877. [PMID: 36400833 PMCID: PMC9674680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict the health effects of accidental or therapeutic radiation exposure, one must estimate the radiation dose that person received. A well-known ionising radiation biomarker, phosphorylated [Formula: see text]-H2AX protein, is used to evaluate cell damage and is thus suitable for the dose estimation process. In this paper, we present new Bayesian methods that, in contrast to approaches where estimation is carried out at predetermined post-irradiation times, allow for uncertainty regarding the time since radiation exposure and, as a result, produce more precise results. We also use the Laplace approximation method, which drastically cuts down on the time needed to get results. Real data are used to illustrate the methods, and analyses indicate that the models might be a practical choice for the [Formula: see text]-H2AX biomarker dose estimation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Młynarczyk
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Armero
- Departament d’Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Virgilio Gómez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joan F. Barquinero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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21
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Madas BG, Boei J, Fenske N, Hofmann W, Mezquita L. Effects of spatial variation in dose delivery: what can we learn from radon-related lung cancer studies? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:561-577. [PMID: 36208308 PMCID: PMC9630403 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radon progeny results in heterogeneous dose distributions in many different spatial scales. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the state of the art in epidemiology, clinical observations, cell biology, dosimetry, and modelling related to radon exposure and its association with lung cancer, along with priorities for future research. Particular attention is paid on the effects of spatial variation in dose delivery within the organs, a factor not considered in radiation protection. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach is required to improve risk assessment and mechanistic understanding of carcinogenesis related to radon exposure. To achieve these goals, important steps would be to clarify whether radon can cause other diseases than lung cancer, and to investigate radon-related health risks in children or persons at young ages. Also, a better understanding of the combined effects of radon and smoking is needed, which can be achieved by integrating epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and molecular oncology data to obtain a radon-associated signature. While in vitro models derived from primary human bronchial epithelial cells can help to identify new and corroborate existing biomarkers, they also allow to study the effects of heterogeneous dose distributions including the effects of locally high doses. These novel approaches can provide valuable input and validation data for mathematical models for risk assessment. These models can be applied to quantitatively translate the knowledge obtained from radon exposure to other exposures resulting in heterogeneous dose distributions within an organ to support radiation protection in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs G Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Jan Boei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Fenske
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Munich (Neuherberg), Germany
| | - Werner Hofmann
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Zhao H, Qu M, Li Y, Wen K, Xu H, Song M, Xie D, Ao X, Gong Y, Sui L, Guan H, Zhou P, Xie J. An estimate assay for low-level exposure to ionizing radiation based on mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031743. [PMID: 36388350 PMCID: PMC9651621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) is ubiquitous, and large-dose exposure to IR is known to cause DNA damage and genotoxicity which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Whether such detrimental effects are caused by exposure to low-dose IR is still debated. Therefore, rapid and early estimation of absorbed doses of IR in individuals, especially at low levels, using radiation response markers is a pivotal step for early triage during radiological incidents to provide adequate and timely clinical interventions. However, there is currently a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of low-dose IR exposure to human beings. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (designated γ-H2AX), a classic biological dosimeter, can be used to evaluate the DNA damage response. We have developed an estimation assay for low-level exposure to IR based on the mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in blood. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes sensitive to low-dose IR, maintaining low temperature (4°C) and adding enzyme inhibitor are proven to be key steps, possibly insuring that a stable and marked γ-H2AX signal in blood cells exposed to low-dose IR could be detected. For the first time, DNA damage at low dose exposures to IR as low as 0.01 Gy were observed using the sensitive variation of γ-H2AX with high throughput mass spectrometry quantification in human peripheral blood, which is more accurate than the previously reported methods by virtue of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and can observe the time effect of DNA damage. These in vitro cellular dynamic monitoring experiments show that DNA damage occurred rapidly and then was repaired slowly over the passage of post-irradiation time even after exposure to very low IR doses. This assay was also used to assess different radiation exposures at the in vitro cellular level. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this assay in radiation biodosimetry and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Gong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hua Guan
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,Pingkun Zhou
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China,Jianwei Xie
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23
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Russ E, Davis CM, Slaven JE, Bradfield DT, Selwyn RG, Day RM. Comparison of the Medical Uses and Cellular Effects of High and Low Linear Energy Transfer Radiation. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10100628. [PMID: 36287908 PMCID: PMC9609561 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can occur during medical treatments, from naturally occurring sources in the environment, or as the result of a nuclear accident or thermonuclear war. The severity of cellular damage from ionizing radiation exposure is dependent upon a number of factors including the absorbed radiation dose of the exposure (energy absorbed per unit mass of the exposure), dose rate, area and volume of tissue exposed, type of radiation (e.g., X-rays, high-energy gamma rays, protons, or neutrons) and linear energy transfer. While the dose, the dose rate, and dose distribution in tissue are aspects of a radiation exposure that can be varied experimentally or in medical treatments, the LET and eV are inherent characteristics of the type of radiation. High-LET radiation deposits a higher concentration of energy in a shorter distance when traversing tissue compared with low-LET radiation. The different biological effects of high and low LET with similar energies have been documented in vivo in animal models and in cultured cells. High-LET results in intense macromolecular damage and more cell death. Findings indicate that while both low- and high-LET radiation activate non-homologous end-joining DNA repair activity, efficient repair of high-LET radiation requires the homologous recombination repair pathway. Low- and high-LET radiation activate p53 transcription factor activity in most cells, but high LET activates NF-kB transcription factor at lower radiation doses than low-LET radiation. Here we review the development, uses, and current understanding of the cellular effects of low- and high-LET radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Russ
- Graduate Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E. Slaven
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dmitry T. Bradfield
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Reed G. Selwyn
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Tong Q, Li R, Wang R, Zuo C, Li D, Jia G, Peng Y, Li X, Yang J, Xue S, Bai Q, Li X. The inhibiting effect of alpha-based TARE on embolized vessels and neovascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1021499. [PMID: 36277378 PMCID: PMC9585162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1021499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transarterial embolization (TAE) is a personalized technology that offers precise delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs or selective internal radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Beta-emitting radionuclide embolisms for TAE (β-based TARE) are commonly used in the clinic via inducing biochemical lethality on tumor cells, while alpha-emitting radionuclides-based embolisms for TAE (α-based TARE) are still under study. The feeding artery plays a key role in tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. In this research, the auricular central arteries (ACAs) of rabbits were embolized with silk fibroin-based microspheres (SFMs) or SFMs integrated with α (Ra-223) or β (I-131) radionuclides to investigate the influence on vessels. TARE-induced tissue necrosis and the following neovascularization were measured by pathological analysis and 68Ga-DOTA-RGD PET/CT. The results showed that, compared to I-131, Ra-223 enhanced the growth inhibition of human hepatoma cells Huh-7 and induced more DNA double-strand breaks in vascular smooth muscle cells. Unlike β-based TARE, which mainly led to extensive necrosis of surrounding tissues, α-based TARE induced irreversible necrosis of a limited area adjacent to the embolized vessels. RGD PET revealed the inhibition on neovascularization in α-based TARE (SUVmax = 0.053 ± 0.004) when compared with normal group (SUVmax = 0.099 ± 0.036), the SFMs-lipiodol group (SUVmax = 0.240 ± 0.040), and β-based TARE (SUVmax = 0.141 ± 0.026), owing to the avoidance of the embolism-induced neovascularization. In conclusion, α-based TARE provided a promising strategy for HCC treatments via destroying the embolized vessels and inhibiting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tong
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rou Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorong Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyun Bai, ; Xiao Li,
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyun Bai, ; Xiao Li,
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25
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Mladenova V, Mladenov E, Chaudhary S, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. The high toxicity of DSB-clusters modelling high-LET-DNA damage derives from inhibition of c-NHEJ and promotion of alt-EJ and SSA despite increases in HR. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1016951. [PMID: 36263011 PMCID: PMC9574094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1016951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-ion radiotherapy utilizing high linear energy transfer (high-LET) ionizing radiation (IR) is a promising cancer treatment modality owing to advantageous physical properties of energy deposition and associated toxicity over X-rays. Therapies utilizing high-LET radiation will benefit from a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning their increased biological efficacy. Towards this goal, we investigate here the biological consequences of well-defined clusters of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a form of DNA damage, which on theoretical counts, has often been considered central to the enhanced toxicity of high-LET IR. We test clonal cell lines harboring in their genomes constructs with appropriately engineered I-SceI recognition sites that convert upon I-SceI expression to individual DSBs, or DSB-clusters comprising known numbers of DSBs with defined DNA-ends. We find that, similarly to high-LET IR, DSB-clusters of increasing complexity, i.e. increasing numbers of DSBs, with compatible or incompatible ends, compromise classical non-homologous end-joining, favor DNA end-resection and promote resection-dependent DSB-processing. Analysis of RAD51 foci shows increased engagement of error-free homologous recombination on DSB-clusters. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis shows that complex DSB-clusters markedly increase the incidence of structural chromosomal abnormalities (SCAs). Since RAD51-knockdown further increases SCAs-incidence, we conclude that homologous recombination suppresses SCAs-formation. Strikingly, CtIP-depletion inhibits SCAs-formation, suggesting that it relies on alternative end-joining or single-strand annealing. Indeed, ablation of RAD52 causes a marked reduction in SCAs, as does also inhibition of PARP1. We conclude that increased DSB-cluster formation that accompanies LET-increases, enhances IR-effectiveness by promoting DNA end-resection, which suppresses c-NHEJ and enhances utilization of alt-EJ or SSA. Although increased resection also favors HR, on balance, error-prone processing dominates, causing the generally observed increased toxicity of high-LET radiation. These findings offer new mechanistic insights into high-LET IR-toxicity and have translational potential in the clinical setting that may be harnessed by combining high-LET IR with inhibitors of PARP1 or RAD52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mladenova
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shipra Chaudhary
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209 / CNRS UMR 5309 Joint Research Center, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: George Iliakis,
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Wu MY, Zou WJ, Yu P, Yang Y, Li SJ, Liu Q, Xie J, Chen SQ, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Cranial irradiation impairs intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with implications for cognitive function. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2253-2259. [PMID: 35259846 PMCID: PMC9083168 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors. However, patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy. Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation, plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. However, the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized. We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input, as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation, we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT. Furthermore, in irradiated mice, long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited. These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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27
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Danforth JM, Provencher L, Goodarzi AA. Chromatin and the Cellular Response to Particle Radiation-Induced Oxidative and Clustered DNA Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910440. [PMID: 35912116 PMCID: PMC9326100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation is prevalent, with greatest lifetime doses typically from high Linear Energy Transfer (high-LET) alpha particles via the radioactive decay of radon gas in indoor air. Particle radiation is highly genotoxic, inducing DNA damage including oxidative base lesions and DNA double strand breaks. Due to the ionization density of high-LET radiation, the consequent damage is highly clustered wherein ≥2 distinct DNA lesions occur within 1–2 helical turns of one another. These multiply-damaged sites are difficult for eukaryotic cells to resolve either quickly or accurately, resulting in the persistence of DNA damage and/or the accumulation of mutations at a greater rate per absorbed dose, relative to lower LET radiation types. The proximity of the same and different types of DNA lesions to one another is challenging for DNA repair processes, with diverse pathways often confounding or interplaying with one another in complex ways. In this context, understanding the state of the higher order chromatin compaction and arrangements is essential, as it influences the density of damage produced by high-LET radiation and regulates the recruitment and activity of DNA repair factors. This review will summarize the latest research exploring the processes by which clustered DNA damage sites are induced, detected, and repaired in the context of chromatin.
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Lei T, Du S, Peng Z, Chen L. Multifaceted regulation and functions of 53BP1 in NHEJ‑mediated DSB repair (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:90. [PMID: 35583003 PMCID: PMC9162042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for the preservation of genomic integrity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant repair mechanism for any type of DNA DSB during the majority of the cell cycle. NHEJ defects regulate tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation and anti-neoplastic agents, resulting in immunodeficiencies and developmental abnormalities in malignant cells. p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key mediator involved in DSB repair, which functions to maintain a balance in the repair pathway choices and in preserving genomic stability. 53BP1 promotes DSB repair via NHEJ and antagonizes DNA end overhang resection. At present, novel lines of evidence have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of 53BP1 and DNA break-responsive effectors to DSB sites, and the promotion of NHEJ-mediated DSB repair via 53BP1, while preventing homologous recombination. In the present review article, recent advances made in the elucidation of the structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1, the mechanisms of 53BP1 recruitment and interaction with the reshaping of the chromatin architecture around DSB sites, the post-transcriptional modifications of 53BP1, and the up- and downstream pathways of 53BP1 are discussed. The present review article also focuses on the application perspectives, current challenges and future directions of 53BP1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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In vitro dose effect relationships of actinium-225- and lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-I&T. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3627-3638. [PMID: 35556158 PMCID: PMC9399067 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-specific tracers has become a very promising novel therapy option for prostate cancer (PCa). The efficacy of this therapy might be further improved by replacing the β-emitting lutetium-177 with the α-emitting actinium-225. Actinium-225 is thought to have a higher therapeutic efficacy due to the high linear energy transfer (LET) of the emitted α-particles, which can increase the amount and complexity of the therapy induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Here we evaluated the relative biological effectiveness of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T by assessing in vitro binding characteristics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS The PSMA-expressing PCa cell line PC3-PIP was used for all in vitro assays. First, binding and displacement assays were performed, which revealed similar binding characteristics between [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. Next, the assessment of the number of 53BP1 foci, a marker for the number of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), showed that cells treated with [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T had slower DSB repair kinetics compared to cells treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. Additionally, clonogenic survival assays showed that specific targeting with [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T caused a dose-dependent decrease in survival. Lastly, after dosimetric assessment, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T was found to be 4.2 times higher compared to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T. CONCLUSION We found that labeling of PSMA-I&T with lutetium-177 or actinium-225 resulted in similar in vitro binding characteristics, indicating that the distinct biological effects observed in this study are not caused by a difference in uptake of the two tracers. The slower repair kinetics of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T compared to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T correlates to the assumption that irradiation with actinium-225 causes more complex, more difficult to repair DSBs compared to lutetium-177 irradiation. Furthermore, the higher RBE of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-I&T compared to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T underlines the therapeutic potential for the treatment of PCa.
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Exploring hypoxic biology to improve radiotherapy outcomes. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e21. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Tiwari DK, Hannen R, Unger K, Kohl S, Heß J, Lauber K, Subtil FSB, Dikomey E, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Schötz U. IL1 Pathway in HPV-Negative HNSCC Cells Is an Indicator of Radioresistance After Photon and Carbon Ion Irradiation Without Functional Involvement. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878675. [PMID: 35530351 PMCID: PMC9072779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of locally advanced HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with photon radiation is the standard of care but shows only moderate success. Alterations in response toward DNA DSB repair, apoptosis, and senescence are underlying determinants of radioresistance in the tumor cells. Recently, senescence and the associated secretory phenotype (SASP) came into the focus of research and raised the need to identify the tumor-promoting molecular mechanisms of the SASP. The aim of this project was to unravel more of this process and to understand the impact of the IL1 pathway, which plays a major role in SASP. The studies were performed for photon and 12C-ion irradiation, which strongly vary in their effect on radioresistance. Materials and Methods A panel of five HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines was treated with photon and 12C-ion irradiation and examined for clonogenic survival, DNA DSB repair, and senescence. SASP and IL1 gene expressions were determined by RNA sequencing and activation of the IL1 pathway by ELISA. A functional impact of IL1A and IL1B was examined by specific siRNA knockdown. Results Cell killing and residual DSBs were higher after 12C-ion than after photon irradiation. 12C-ion induced more senescence with a significant correlation with cell survival. The impact on radioresistance appears to be less than after photon irradiation. The expression of SASP-related genes and the IL1 pathway are strongly induced by both types of irradiation and correlate with radioresistance and senescence, especially IL1A and IL1B which exhibit excellent associations. Surprisingly, knockdown of IL1A and IL1B revealed that the IL1 pathway is functionally not involved in radioresistance, DSB repair, or induction of senescence. Conclusions IL1A and IL1B are excellent indicators of cellular radioresistance and senescence in HNSCC cells without functional involvement in these processes. Clearly more research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of senescence and SASP and its impact on radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Hannen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sibylla Kohl
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Heß
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Schötz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Schötz,
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DNA Damage Clustering after Ionizing Radiation and Consequences in the Processing of Chromatin Breaks. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051540. [PMID: 35268641 PMCID: PMC8911773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged-particle radiotherapy (CPRT) utilizing low and high linear energy transfer (low-/high-LET) ionizing radiation (IR) is a promising cancer treatment modality having unique physical energy deposition properties. CPRT enables focused delivery of a desired dose to the tumor, thus achieving a better tumor control and reduced normal tissue toxicity. It increases the overall radiation tolerance and the chances of survival for the patient. Further improvements in CPRT are expected from a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the biological effects of IR and their dependence on LET. There is increasing evidence that high-LET IR induces more complex and even clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are extremely consequential to cellular homeostasis, and which represent a considerable threat to genomic integrity. However, from the perspective of cancer management, the same DSB characteristics underpin the expected therapeutic benefit and are central to the rationale guiding current efforts for increased implementation of heavy ions (HI) in radiotherapy. Here, we review the specific cellular DNA damage responses (DDR) elicited by high-LET IR and compare them to those of low-LET IR. We emphasize differences in the forms of DSBs induced and their impact on DDR. Moreover, we analyze how the distinct initial forms of DSBs modulate the interplay between DSB repair pathways through the activation of DNA end resection. We postulate that at complex DSBs and DSB clusters, increased DNA end resection orchestrates an increased engagement of resection-dependent repair pathways. Furthermore, we summarize evidence that after exposure to high-LET IR, error-prone processes outcompete high fidelity homologous recombination (HR) through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Finally, we review the high-LET dependence of specific DDR-related post-translational modifications and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. We believe that in-depth characterization of the biological effects that are specific to high-LET IR will help to establish predictive and prognostic signatures for use in future individualized therapeutic strategies, and will enhance the prospects for the development of effective countermeasures for improved radiation protection during space travel.
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Kiffer FC, Luitel K, Tran FH, Patel RA, Guzman CS, Soler I, Xiao R, Shay JW, Yun S, Eisch AJ. Effects of a 33-ion sequential beam galactic cosmic ray analog on male mouse behavior and evaluation of CDDO-EA as a radiation countermeasure. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113677. [PMID: 34818568 PMCID: PMC9755463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In long-term spaceflight, astronauts will face unique cognitive loads and social challenges which will be complicated by communication delays with Earth. It is important to understand the central nervous system (CNS) effects of deep spaceflight and the associated unavoidable exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). Rodent studies show single- or simple-particle combination exposure alters CNS endpoints, including hippocampal-dependent behavior. An even better Earth-based simulation of GCR is now available, consisting of a 33-beam (33-GCR) exposure. However, the effect of whole-body 33-GCR exposure on rodent behavior is unknown, and no 33-GCR CNS countermeasures have been tested. Here astronaut-age-equivalent (6mo-old) C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to 33-GCR (75cGy, a Mars mission dose). Pre-/during/post-Sham or 33-GCR exposure, mice received a diet containing a 'vehicle' formulation alone or with the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compound CDDO-EA as a potential countermeasure. Behavioral testing beginning 4mo post-irradiation suggested radiation and diet did not affect measures of exploration/anxiety-like behaviors (open field, elevated plus maze) or recognition of a novel object. However, in 3-Chamber Social Interaction (3-CSI), CDDO-EA/33-GCR mice failed to spend more time exploring a holder containing a novel mouse vs. a novel object (empty holder), suggesting sociability deficits. Also, Vehicle/33-GCR and CDDO-EA/Sham mice failed to discriminate between a novel stranger vs. familiarized stranger mouse, suggesting blunted preference for social novelty. CDDO-EA given pre-/during/post-irradiation did not attenuate the 33-GCR-induced blunting of preference for social novelty. Future elucidation of the mechanisms underlying 33-GCR-induced blunting of preference for social novelty will improve risk analysis for astronauts which may in-turn improve countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Kiffer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Krishna Luitel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, 75390
| | - Fionya H Tran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Riya A Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Catalina S Guzman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Ivan Soler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Biostatistics, CHOP Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, 75390
| | - Sanghee Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Amelia J Eisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Particle radiotherapy and molecular therapies: mechanisms and strategies towards clinical applications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e8. [PMID: 35101155 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy and targeted therapy are now commonly used in clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy for several cancers. While results are promising and encouraging, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the drugs and radiation remain largely unknown. This is especially important when switching from conventional photon therapy to particle therapy using protons or heavier ions. Different dose deposition patterns and molecular radiobiology can in fact modify the interaction with drugs and their effectiveness. We will show here that whilst the main molecular players are the same after low and high linear energy transfer radiation exposure, significant differences are observed in post-exposure signalling pathways that may lead to different effects of the drugs. We will also emphasise that the problem of the timing between drug administration and radiation and the fractionation regime are critical issues that need to be addressed urgently to achieve optimal results in combined treatments with particle therapy.
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Rucinski A, Biernacka A, Schulte R. Applications of nanodosimetry in particle therapy planning and beyond. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34731854 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac35f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This topical review summarizes underlying concepts of nanodosimetry. It describes the development and current status of nanodosimetric detector technology. It also gives an overview of Monte Carlo track structure simulations that can provide nanodosimetric parameters for treatment planning of proton and ion therapy. Classical and modern radiobiological assays that can be used to demonstrate the relationship between the frequency and complexity of DNA lesion clusters and nanodosimetric parameters are reviewed. At the end of the review, existing approaches of treatment planning based on relative biological effectiveness (RBE) models or dose-averaged linear energy transfer are contrasted with an RBE-independent approach based on nandosimetric parameters. Beyond treatment planning, nanodosimetry is also expected to have applications and give new insights into radiation protection dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Biernacka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
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Narasimhamurthy RK, Mumbrekar KD, Satish Rao BS. Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on the brain- a functional, cellular, and molecular perspective. Toxicology 2021; 465:153030. [PMID: 34774978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the advancement of radio diagnostic imaging tools and techniques has radically improved the diagnosis of different pathophysiological conditions, accompanied by increased exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation. Though the consequences of high dose radiation exposure on humans are very well comprehended, the more publicly relevant effects of low dose radiation (LDR) (≤100 mGy) exposure on the biological system remain ambiguous. The central nervous system, predominantly the developing brain with more neuronal precursor cells, is exceptionally radiosensitive and thus more liable to neurological insult even at low doses, as shown through several rodent studies. Further molecular studies have unraveled the various inflammatory and signaling mechanisms involved in cellular damage and repair that drive these physiological alterations that lead to functional alterations. Interestingly, few studies also claim that LDR exerts therapeutic effects on the brain by initiating an adaptive response. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of low dose radiation at functional, cellular, and molecular levels and the various risks and benefits associated with it based on the evidence available from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Although the consensus indicates minimum consequences, the overall evidence suggests that LDR can bring about considerable neurological effects in the exposed individual, and hence a re-evaluation of the LDR usage levels and frequency of exposure is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Kamalesh D Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Research Directorate Office, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Topological Analysis of γH2AX and MRE11 Clusters Detected by Localization Microscopy during X-ray-Induced DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215561. [PMID: 34771723 PMCID: PMC8582740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), known as the most severe damage in chromatin, were induced in breast cancer cells and normal skin fibroblasts by 2 Gy ionizing photon radiation. In response to DSB induction, phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX to γH2AX was observed in the form of foci visualized by specific antibodies. By means of super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), it has been recently shown in a first article about these data that these foci can be separated into clusters of about the same size (diameter ~400 nm). The number of clusters increased with the dose applied and decreased with the repair time. It has also been shown that during the repair period, antibody-labeled MRE11 clusters of about half of the γH2AX cluster diameter were formed inside several γH2AX clusters. MRE11 is part of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, which is known as a DNA strand resection and broken-end bridging component in homologous recombination repair (HRR) and alternative non-homologous end joining (a-NHEJ). This article is a follow-up of the former ones applying novel procedures of mathematics (topology) and similarity measurements on the data set: to obtain a measure for cluster shape and shape similarities, topological quantifications employing persistent homology were calculated and compared. In addition, based on our findings that γH2AX clusters associated with heterochromatin show a high degree of similarity independently of dose and repair time, these earlier published topological analyses and similarity calculations comparing repair foci within individual cells were extended by topological data averaging (2nd-generation heatmaps) over all cells analyzed at a given repair time point; thereby, the two dimensions (0 and 1) expressed by components and holes were studied separately. Finally, these mean value heatmaps were averaged, in addition. For γH2AX clusters, in both normal fibroblast and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, an increased similarity was found at early time points (up to 60 min) after irradiation for both components and holes of clusters. In contrast, for MRE11, the peak in similarity was found at later time points (2 h up to 48 h) after irradiation. In general, the normal fibroblasts showed quicker phosphorylation of H2AX and recruitment of MRE11 to γH2AX clusters compared to breast cancer cells and a shorter time interval of increased similarity for γH2AX clusters. γH2AX foci and randomly distributed MRE11 molecules naturally occurring in non-irradiated control cells did not show any significant topological similarity.
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van de Kamp G, Heemskerk T, Kanaar R, Essers J. DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathways in Response to Different Types of Ionizing Radiation. Front Genet 2021; 12:738230. [PMID: 34659358 PMCID: PMC8514742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.738230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The superior dose distribution of particle radiation compared to photon radiation makes it a promising therapy for the treatment of tumors. However, the cellular responses to particle therapy and especially the DNA damage response (DDR) is not well characterized. Compared to photons, particles are thought to induce more closely spaced DNA lesions instead of isolated lesions. How this different spatial configuration of the DNA damage directs DNA repair pathway usage, is subject of current investigations. In this review, we describe recent insights into induction of DNA damage by particle radiation and how this shapes DNA end processing and subsequent DNA repair mechanisms. Additionally, we give an overview of promising DDR targets to improve particle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda van de Kamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Heemskerk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Falk M, Hausmann M. A Paradigm Revolution or Just Better Resolution-Will Newly Emerging Superresolution Techniques Identify Chromatin Architecture as a Key Factor in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair Regulation? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E18. [PMID: 33374540 PMCID: PMC7793109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been recognized as the most serious lesions in irradiated cells. While several biochemical pathways capable of repairing these lesions have been identified, the mechanisms by which cells select a specific pathway for activation at a given DSB site remain poorly understood. Our knowledge of DSB induction and repair has increased dramatically since the discovery of ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIFs), initiating the possibility of spatiotemporally monitoring the assembly and disassembly of repair complexes in single cells. IRIF exploration revealed that all post-irradiation processes-DSB formation, repair and misrepair-are strongly dependent on the characteristics of DSB damage and the microarchitecture of the whole affected chromatin domain in addition to the cell status. The microscale features of IRIFs, such as their morphology, mobility, spatiotemporal distribution, and persistence kinetics, have been linked to repair mechanisms. However, the influence of various biochemical and structural factors and their specific combinations on IRIF architecture remains unknown, as does the hierarchy of these factors in the decision-making process for a particular repair mechanism at each individual DSB site. New insights into the relationship between the physical properties of the incident radiation, chromatin architecture, IRIF architecture, and DSB repair mechanisms and repair efficiency are expected from recent developments in optical superresolution microscopy (nanoscopy) techniques that have shifted our ability to analyze chromatin and IRIF architectures towards the nanoscale. In the present review, we discuss this relationship, attempt to correlate still rather isolated nanoscale studies with already better-understood aspects of DSB repair at the microscale, and consider whether newly emerging "correlated multiscale structuromics" can revolutionarily enhance our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Falk
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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