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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Pilarczyk M, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Jarmużek P, Szućko-Kociuba I, Kulik-Sajewicz J, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Phospholipid Acyltransferases: Characterization and Involvement of the Enzymes in Metabolic and Cancer Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2115. [PMID: 38893234 PMCID: PMC11171337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the enzymatic processes governing the initial stages of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine) and triacylglycerol synthesis. The key enzymes under scrutiny include GPAT and AGPAT. Additionally, as most AGPATs exhibit LPLAT activity, enzymes participating in the Lands cycle with similar functions are also covered. The review begins by discussing the properties of these enzymes, emphasizing their specificity in enzymatic reactions, notably the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids. The paper sheds light on the intricate involvement of these enzymes in various diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. To underscore the relevance of these enzymes in cancer processes, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression levels of the described enzymes were correlated with the overall survival of patients across 33 different types of cancer using the GEPIA portal. This review further explores the potential therapeutic implications of inhibiting these enzymes in the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. By elucidating the intricate enzymatic pathways involved in lipid synthesis and their impact on various pathological conditions, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Maciej Pilarczyk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Jarmużek
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Kulik-Sajewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Shirkhani S, Marandi SM, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Kim SK. Effects Of Exercise Training And Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism In Prediabetes Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:771-783. [PMID: 37690781 PMCID: PMC10695722 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Since prediabetes is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes, it is important to promote a healthy lifestyle to prevent prediabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of green coffee (GC), chlorogenic acid (CGA) intake, and exercise training (EX) on hepatic lipid metabolism in prediabetes male C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Forty-nine mice were randomly divided into two groups feeding with a normal diet (n=7) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n=42) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD mice were further divided into six groups (n=7/group): control (pre-D), GC, CGA, EX, GC+EX, and CGA+EX. After additional 10 weeks under the same diet, plasma, and liver samples were obtained. RESULTS HFD-induced prediabetes conditions with increases in body weight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were alleviated in all treatment groups. Acsl3, a candidate gene identified through an in silico approach, was lowered in the pre-D group, while treatments partly restored it. HFD induced adverse alterations of de novo lipogenesis- and β oxidation-associated molecules in the liver. However, GC and CGA supplementation and EX reversed or ameliorated these changes. In most cases, GC or CGA supplementation combined with EX has no synergistic effect and the GC group had similar results to the CGA group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that regular exercise is an effective non-therapeutic approach for prediabetes, and CGA supplementation could be an alternative to partially mimic the beneficial effects of exercise on prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shirkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, ACECR, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Sports Science Research Institute, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Vanni E, Lindner K, Gavin AC, Montessuit C. Differential intracellular management of fatty acids impacts on metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14805. [PMID: 37684349 PMCID: PMC10491837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of glucose uptake in response to ischemic metabolic stress is important for cardiomyocyte function and survival. Chronic exposure of cardiomyocytes to fatty acids (FA) impairs the stimulation of glucose uptake, whereas induction of lipid droplets (LD) is associated with preserved glucose uptake. However, the mechanisms by which LD induction prevents glucose uptake impairment remain elusive. We induced LD with either tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). Triacylglycerol biosynthesis enzymes were inhibited in cardiomyocytes exposed to FA ± LD inducers, either upstream (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; GPAT) or downstream (diacylglycerol acyltransferases; DGAT) of the diacylglycerol step. Although both inhibitions reduced LD formation in cardiomyocytes treated with FA and LD inducers, only DGAT inhibition impaired metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. DGAT inhibition in FA plus TPA-treated cardiomyocytes reduced triacylglycerol but not diacylglycerol content, thus increasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio. In cardiomyocytes exposed to FA alone, GPAT inhibition reduced diacylglycerol but not triacylglycerol, thus decreasing the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio, prevented PKCδ activation and improved metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Changes in AMP-activated Protein Kinase activity failed to explain variations in metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake. Thus, LD formation regulates metabolic stress-stimulated glucose uptake in a manner best reflected by the diacylglycerol/triacylglycerol ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Vanni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karina Lindner
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferases and Metabolic Syndrome: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e30. [PMID: 36059117 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Tian X, Chen X, Jiang Q, Sun Q, Liu T, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Shao M, Yang R, Li C, Wang Q, Wang Y. Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorates Cardiac Lipotoxicity Through AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864326. [PMID: 35370720 PMCID: PMC8968201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac lipotoxicity is the common consequence of lipid metabolism disorders in cardiomyocytes during development of heart failure (HF). Adenosine 5′monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as an energy sensor and has a beneficial effect in reducing lipotoxicity. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (P. notoginseng) and has definite cardioprotective effects. However, whether NGR1 can attenuate HF by mitigating lipotoxicity has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to explore whether NGR1 plays a protective role against HF by ameliorating cardiac lipotoxicity via the AMPK pathway. Methods: In this study, HF mice model was established by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. palmitic acid (PA) stimulated H9C2 cell model was applied to clarify the effects and potential mechanism of NGR1 on lipotoxicity. In vivo, NGR1 (7.14 mg/kg/days) and positive drug (simvastatin: 2.9 mg/kg/days) were orally administered for 14 days. Echocardiography was applied to assess heart functions. Lipid levels were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and key proteins in the AMPK pathway were detected by western blots. In vitro, NGR1 (40 μmol/L) or Compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK, 10 μmol/L) was co-cultured with PA stimulation for 24 h in H9C2 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Key lipotoxicity-related proteins were detected by western blots and the LipidTOX™ neutral lipid stains were used to assess lipid accumulation. In addition, Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst/PI staining. Results: NGR1 could significantly improve the cardiac function and myocardial injury in mice with HF and up-regulate the expression of p-AMPK. Impressively, NGR1 inhibited the synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide and promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in vivo. Moreover, NGR1 significantly promoted expression of CPT-1A, the key enzyme in FAO pathway, and down-regulated the expression of GPAT and SPT, which were the key enzymes catalyzing production of DAG and ceramide. In vitro experiments showed that NGR1 could significantly attenuate lipid accumulation in PA-induced H9C2 cells and the Hoechst/PI staining results showed that NGR1 ameliorated lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in PA-stimulated H9C2 cell model. Furthermore, co-treatment with inhibitor of AMPK abrogated the protective effects of NGR1. The regulative effects of NGR1 on lipid metabolism were also reversed by AMPK inhibitor. Conclusion: NGR1 could significantly improve the heart function of mice with HF and reduce cardiac lipotoxicity. The cardio-protective effects of NGR1 are mediated by the activation of AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianbin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Beijing, China
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Serine Palmitoyltransferase Gene Silencing Prevents Ceramide Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Muscles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071123. [PMID: 35406688 PMCID: PMC8997855 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles account for ~80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and play a key role in lipid metabolism. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to metabolic changes in muscles, including the development of insulin resistance. The studies carried out to date indicate that the accumulation of biologically active lipids, such as long-chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols and ceramides, play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Unfortunately, it has not yet been clarified which of these lipid groups plays the dominant role in inducing these disorders. In order to explore this topic further, we locally silenced the gene encoding serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with HFD-induced insulin resistance. This enzyme is primarily responsible for the first step of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. The obtained results confirm that the HFD induces the development of whole-body insulin resistance, which results in inhibition of the insulin pathway. This is associated with an increased level of biologically active lipids in the muscles. Our results also demonstrate that silencing the SPT gene with the shRNA plasmid reduces the accumulation of ceramides in gastrocnemius muscle, which, in turn, boosts the activity of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide synthesis does not significantly affect the content of other lipids, which suggests the leading role of ceramide in the lipid-related induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Shan H, Zheng Y, Xuan Z, Hu J, Wei M, Wang Z, Liu Q, Li Z. Novel Insights into the Differences in Nutrition Value, Gene Regulation and Network Organization between Muscles from Pasture-Fed and Barn-Fed Goats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030381. [PMID: 35159531 PMCID: PMC8834483 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical characters of muscles derived from pasture-fed or barn-fed black goats were detected, and RNA-seq was performed to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms to identify how the pasture feeding affected the nutrition and flavor of the meat. We found that the branched chain amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and zinc in the muscle of pasture-fed goats were significantly higher than those in the barn-fed group, while the heavy metal elements, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower. RNA-seq results showed that 1761 genes and 147 lncRNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed between the pasture-fed and barn-fed group. Further analysis found that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the myogenesis and Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. A functional analysis of the lncRNA transcripts further highlighted the difference in fatty acid metabolism between the two feeding models. Our study provides novel insights into the gene regulation and network organization of muscles and could be potentially used for improving the quality of mutton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Huiquan Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yalin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zeyi Xuan
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530010, China; (Z.X.); (M.W.)
| | - Jinling Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Mingsong Wei
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530010, China; (Z.X.); (M.W.)
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Błachnio-Zabielska AU, Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk K, Imierska M, Pogodzińska K, Rogalski P, Daniluk J, Zabielski P. CerS1 but Not CerS5 Gene Silencing, Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:206. [PMID: 35053322 PMCID: PMC8773817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is perceived as a major tissue in glucose and lipid metabolism. High fat diet (HFD) lead to the accumulation of intramuscular lipids, including: long chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols, and ceramides. Ceramides are considered to be one of the most important lipid groups in the generation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. So far, it has not been clearly established whether all ceramides adversely affect the functioning of the insulin pathway, or whether there are certain ceramide species that play a pivotal role in the induction of insulin resistance. Therefore, we designed a study in which the expression of CerS1 and CerS5 genes responsible for the synthesis of C18:0-Cer and C16:0-Cer, respectively, was locally silenced in the gastrocnemius muscle of HFD-fed mice through in vivo electroporation-mediated shRNA plasmids. Our study indicates that HFD feeding induced both, the systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which was accompanied by an increase in the intramuscular lipid levels, decreased activation of the insulin pathway and, consequently, a decrease in the skeletal muscle glucose uptake. CerS1 silencing leads to a reduction in C18:0-Cer content, with a subsequent increase in the activity of the insulin pathway, and an improvement in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Such effects were not visible in case of CerS5 silencing, which indicates that the accumulation of C18:0-Cer plays a decisive role in the induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka U. Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamila Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Imierska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Paweł Rogalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Jarosław Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Yin H, Shi A, Wu J. Platelet-Activating Factor Promotes the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2003-2030. [PMID: 35837578 PMCID: PMC9275506 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s367483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted clinicopathological syndrome characterised by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that causes steatosis, excluding alcoholic factors. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a biologically active lipid transmitter, induces platelet activation upon binding to the PAF receptor. Recent studies have found that PAF is associated with gamma-glutamyl transferase, which is an indicator of liver disease. Moreover, PAF can stimulate hepatic lipid synthesis and cause hypertriglyceridaemia. Furthermore, the knockdown of the PAF receptor gene in the animal models of NAFLD helped reduce the inflammatory response, improve glucose homeostasis and delay the development of NAFLD. These findings suggest that PAF is associated with NAFLD development. According to reports, patients with NAFLD or animal models have marked platelet activation abnormalities, mainly manifested as enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation and altered blood rheology. Pharmacological interventions were accompanied by remission of abnormal platelet activation and significant improvement in liver function and lipids in the animal model of NAFLD. These confirm that platelet activation may accompany a critical importance in NAFLD development and progression. However, how PAFs are involved in the NAFLD signalling pathway needs further investigation. In this paper, we review the relevant literature in recent years and discuss the role played by PAF in NAFLD development. It is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of NAFLD and to find effective interventions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Junzi Wu; Anhua Shi, Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 187 8855 7524; +86 138 8885 0813, Email ;
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10
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Takagi H, Ikehara T, Hashimoto K, Tanimoto K, Shimazaki A, Kashiwagi Y, Sakamoto S, Yukioka H. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 inhibition reduces skeletal muscle bioactive lipid content and attenuates progression of type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174451. [PMID: 34454928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation in skeletal muscle is closely associated with development of insulin resistance. In particular, diacylglycerol and ceramide are currently considered as causal bioactive lipids for impaired insulin action. Recently, inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2), which negatively modulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to reduce total IMCL content and improve whole-body insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether ACC2 inhibition-induced compositional changes in bioactive lipids, especially diacylglycerol and ceramide, within skeletal muscle contribute to the improved insulin resistance. In skeletal muscle of normal rats, treatment of the ACC2 inhibitor compound 2e significantly decreased both diacylglycerol and ceramide levels while having no significant impact on other lipid metabolite levels. In skeletal muscle of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which exhibited greater lipid accumulation than that of normal rats, compound 2e significantly decreased diacylglycerol and ceramide levels corresponding to reduced long chain acyl-CoA pools. Additionally, in the lipid metabolomics study, ZDF rats treated with compound 2e also showed improved diabetes-related metabolic disturbance, as reflected by delayed hyperinsulinemia as well as upregulated gene expression associated with diabetic conditions in skeletal muscle. These metabolic improvements were strongly correlated with the bioactive lipid reductions. Furthermore, long-term treatment of compound 2e markedly improved whole-body insulin resistance, attenuated hyperglycemia and delayed insulin secretion defect even at severe diabetic conditions. These findings suggest that ACC2 inhibition decreases diacylglycerol and ceramide accumulation within skeletal muscle by enhancing acyl-CoA breakdown, leading to attenuation of lipid-induced insulin resistance and subsequent diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takagi
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ikehara
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kumi Hashimoto
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tanimoto
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Shimazaki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuto Kashiwagi
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hideo Yukioka
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
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