1
|
Wang Y, Yuan T, Lyu T, Zhang L, Wang M, He Z, Wang Y, Li Z. Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke: current evidence and future perspectives. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:67-81. [PMID: 38767477 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.393104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger age. China, in particular, bears a high burden of stroke cases. In recent years, the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot: understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its treatment. This review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke, including microglia, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and astrocytes. Additionally, we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke, particularly in the field of stem cell therapy. Overall, understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. Stem cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingli Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjie Lyu
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saleh RO, Majeed AA, Margiana R, Alkadir OKA, Almalki SG, Ghildiyal P, Samusenkov V, Jabber NK, Mustafa YF, Elawady A. Therapeutic gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cell for brain ischemia damage: Focus on molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3957. [PMID: 38468129 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic damage is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a substantial reason of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic damage, as shown in ischemic stroke, because of their potent intrinsic features, which include self-regeneration, immunomodulation, and multi-potency. Additionally, MSCs are easily obtained, isolated, and cultured. Despite this, there are a number of obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of MSC-based treatment, such as adverse microenvironmental conditions both in vivo and in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, the naïve MSC has undergone a number of modification processes to enhance its innate therapeutic qualities. Genetic modification and preconditioning modification (with medications, growth factors, and other substances) are the two main categories into which these modification techniques can be separated. This field has advanced significantly and is still attracting attention and innovation. We examine these cutting-edge methods for preserving and even improving the natural biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSCs in relation to adhesion, migration, homing to the target site, survival, and delayed premature senescence. We address the use of genetically altered MSC in stroke-induced damage. Future strategies for improving the therapeutic result and addressing the difficulties associated with MSC modification are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ola Kamal A Alkadir
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vadim Samusenkov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buchlak QD, Esmaili N, Moore J. Opportunities for developing neural stem cell treatments for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and gap analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 120:64-75. [PMID: 38199150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. Current treatments are limited. Stem cell therapy has been highlighted as a potentially effective treatment to mitigate damage and restore function, but efficacy results are mixed. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on stem cell therapies for early acute ischemic stroke; and identify opportunities for future research to facilitate the development of an effective stem cell-based treatment. Original research published within the last 10 years that focused on the evaluation of a stem cell-based treatment for acute ischemic stroke in adult patients or subjects was included. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE and Cochrane risk of bias tools for animal and human studies, respectively. 3,396 articles were screened, 58 full-text articles were reviewed and 33 met inclusion criteria. Many studies appeared to be at risk of bias. Study designs and results were heterogeneous. Most studies were preclinical and involved stem cell administration within 24 hours. Seven studies tested the effects of multiple administration timepoints and one investigated repeat dosing. Six studies were conducted in humans and stem cell administration ranged from 24 hours to 90 days post stroke. Most studies employed the use of mesenchymal stem cells. The most appropriate cell delivery method appeared to be intra-arterial. Evidence suggests that stem cell therapy may be associated with beneficial effects. A literature gap analysis identified numerous opportunities for treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinlan D Buchlak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nazanin Esmaili
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang J, Wang Z, Miao CY. Angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1305-1321. [PMID: 36829053 PMCID: PMC10310733 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its high disability and mortality rates, stroke has been the second leading cause of death worldwide. Since the pathological mechanisms of stroke are not fully understood, there are few clinical treatment strategies available with an exception of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis is an important protective mechanism that promotes neural regeneration and functional recovery during the pathophysiological process of stroke. Thus, inducing angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area could effectively improve hemodynamics, and promote vascular remodeling and recovery of neurovascular function after ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms affecting angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia registered in PubMed, and provide pro-angiogenic strategies for exploring the treatment of ischemic stroke, including endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, cytokines, non-coding RNAs, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University / Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li L, Li X, Han R, Wu M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Y. Therapeutic Potential of Chinese Medicine for Endogenous Neurogenesis: A Promising Candidate for Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050706. [PMID: 37242489 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that neural-stem-cell-based treatments have great therapeutic potential for stroke. Several studies have confirmed that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine can protect and maintain the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells through different targets and mechanisms. Therefore, the use of Chinese medicines to activate and promote endogenous nerve regeneration and repair is a potential treatment option for stroke patients. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding neural stem cell strategies for ischemic strokes and the potential effects of these Chinese medicines on neuronal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaolei Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhao Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou H, He Y, Xiong W, Jing S, Duan X, Huang Z, Nahal GS, Peng Y, Li M, Zhu Y, Ye Q. MSC based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:409-437. [PMCID: PMC9713256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Ischemia challenged epicardial adipose tissue stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles alter the gene expression of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte like phenotype. Transl Res 2023; 254:54-67. [PMID: 36273744 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study hypothesizes that the ischemic insults activate epicardial adipose tissue-derived stem cells (EATDS) to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) packed with regenerative mediators to alter the gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts (CF). EATDS and CF were isolated from hyperlipidemic microswine and EVs were harvested from control, simulated ischemia (ISC) and ischemia-reperfusion (ISC/R) groups. The in vitro interaction between ISC-EVs and CF resulted in the upregulation of cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factors including GATA4, Nkx2.5, IRX4, and TBX5 in CF and the healing marker αSMA and the downregulation of fibroblast biomarkers such as vimentin, FSP1, and podoplanin and the cardiac biomarkers such as troponin-I and connexin-43. These results suggest a cardiomyocyte-like phenotype as confirmed by immunostaining and Western blot. The LC-MS/MS analysis of ISC-EVs LGALS1, PRDX2, and CCL2 to be the potent protein mediators which are intimately involved in versatile regenerative processes and connected with a diverse array of regenerative genes. Moreover, the LGALS1+, PRDX2+, and CCL2+ EATDS phenotypes were deciphered at single cell resolution revealing corresponding sub-populations with superior healing potential. Overall, the findings unveiled the healing potential of EATDS-derived EVs and sub-populations of regenerative EATDS promising novel translational opportunities in improved cardiac healing following ischemic injury.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Xie Z, Lin J, Sun Z, Li Z, Yu W, Zeng Y, Ye G, Li J, Ye F, Su Z, Che Y, Xu P, Zeng C, Wang P, Wu Y, Shen H. The m6A methyltransferase METTL16 negatively regulates MCP1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells during monocyte recruitment. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162436. [PMID: 36795489 PMCID: PMC10070103 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess strong immunoregulatory functions, one aspect of which is recruiting monocytes from peripheral vessels to local tissue by secreting monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). However, the regulatory mechanisms of MCP1 secretion in MSCs are still unclear. Recently, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was reported to be involved in the functional regulation of MSCs. In this study, we demonstrated that methyltransferase-like 16 (METTL16) negatively regulated MCP1 expression in MSCs through the m6A modification. Specifically, the expression of METTL16 in MSCs decreased gradually and was negatively correlated with the expression of MCP1 after coculture with monocytes. Knocking down METTL16 markedly enhanced MCP1 expression and the ability to recruit monocytes. Mechanistically, knocking down METTL16 decreased MCP1 mRNA degradation, which was mediated by the m6A reader YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 2 (YTHDF2). We further revealed that YTHDF2 specifically recognized m6A sites on MCP1 mRNA in the CDS region and thus negatively regulated MCP1 expression. Moreover, an in vivo assay showed that MSCs transfected with METTL16 siRNA showed greater ability to recruit monocytes. These findings reveal a potential mechanism by which the m6A methylase METTL16 regulates MCP1 expression through YTHDF2-mediated mRNA degradation and suggest a potential strategy to manipulate MCP1 expression in MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, and
| | | | | | | | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin YT, Chen HD, Ai QD, Yang YT, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Chen NH. Characteristics and pathogenesis of chemokines in the post-stroke stage. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109781. [PMID: 36720195 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, as small molecular proteins, play a crucial role in the immune and inflammatory responses after stroke. A large amount of evidence showed chemokines and their receptors were increasingly recognized as potential targets for stroke treatment, which were involved in the processing of neovascularization, neurogenesis, and neural network reconstruction. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of chemokine alterations throughout the post-stroke nerve repair phase to gain insight into the pathological mechanisms of chemokines and find effective therapeutic targets for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hao-Dong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qi-di Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan-Tao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces and College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dynamic MRI of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Distribution during Intravenous Transplantation in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020288. [PMID: 36836645 PMCID: PMC9962901 DOI: 10.3390/life13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach for the treatment of ischemia-associated disorders, including stroke. However, exact mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects are still debated. In this respect, studies of the transplanted cells distribution and homing are indispensable. We proposed an MRI protocol which allowed us to estimate the dynamic distribution of single superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled MSCs in live ischemic rat brain during intravenous transplantation after the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Additionally, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy in this rat stroke model. According to the dynamic MRI data, limited numbers of MSCs accumulated diffusely in the brain vessels starting at the 7th minute from the onset of infusion, reached its maximum by 29 min, and gradually eliminated from cerebral circulation during 24 h. Despite low numbers of cells entering brain blood flow and their short-term engraftment, MSCs transplantation induced long lasting improvement of the neurological deficit, but without acceleration of the stroke volume reduction compared to the control animals during 14 post-transplantation days. Taken together, these findings indicate that MSCs convey their positive action by triggering certain paracrine mechanisms or cell-cell interactions or invoking direct long-lasting effects on brain vessels.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Zheng S, Chen L, Liu H, Chen H, Zhang X, Zou J, Zheng X, Wan Y, Huang G, Zeng Q. Research hotspots and frotiers of stem cells in stroke: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111815. [PMID: 36937837 PMCID: PMC10020355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. However, the current stroke treatment has a limited effect. Therefore, a new treatment is urgently needed. Stem cell therapy is a cutting-edge treatment for stroke patients. This study aimed to gain better understanding of global stem cell trends in stroke via a bibliometric analysis. Methods: We used the Web of Science Core Collection to search pertinent articles about stem cells in stroke published between 2004 and 2022. Analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "bibliometrix" to identify publication outputs, countries/regions, institutions, authors/co-cited authors, journals/co-cited journals, co-cited references, and keywords. Results: A total of 6,703 publications were included in the bibliometric analysis. The total number of citations significantly and rapidly increased between 2004 and 2022, with the most pronounced growth pattern observed in the period of 2008-2009. In terms of authoritarian countries, the USA had the most publications among the countries. As for institutions and authors, the most prolific institution was the University of South Florida, followed by Oakland University and then Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Chopp, M. and Borlongan, Cesario V, had the most output among the authors. Regarding the journals, Cell Transplantation had the highest publication, followed by Brain Research. As for references, "Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators" was the most frequently cited (2,082), and the article entitled Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke had the strongest burstiness (strength = 81.35). Emerging hot words in the past decade included "adhesion molecule," "mesenchymal stromal cell," "extracellular vesicle," "pluripotent stem cells," "signaling pathway," "plasticity," and "exosomes." Conclusion: Between 2004 and 2022, the terms "neurogenesis," "angiogenesis," "mesenchymal stem cells," "extracellular vesicle," "exosomes," "inflammation," and "oxidative stress" have emerged as the hot research areas for research on stem cells in stroke. Although stem cells exert a number of positive effects, the main mechanisms for mitigating the damage caused by stroke are still unknown. Clinical challenges may include complicating factors that can affect the efficacy of stem cell therapy, which are worth a deep exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihua Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
| | - Guozhi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Yan S, Zeng F, Zhou D. New insight into ischemic stroke: Circadian rhythm in post-stroke angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927506. [PMID: 36016550 PMCID: PMC9395980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an endogenous clock system that coordinates and optimizes various physiological and pathophysiological processes, which accord with the master and the peripheral clock. Increasing evidence indicates that endogenous circadian rhythm disruption is involved in the lesion volume and recovery of ischemic stroke. As a critical recovery mechanism in post-stroke, angiogenesis reestablishes the regional blood supply and enhances cognitive and behavioral abilities, which is mainly composed of the following processes: endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and pericyte recruitment. The available evidence revealed that the circadian governs many aspects of angiogenesis. This study reviews the mechanism by which circadian rhythms regulate the process of angiogenesis and its contribution to functional recovery in post-stroke at the aspects of the molecular level. A comprehensive understanding of the circadian clock regulating angiogenesis in post-stroke is expected to develop new strategies for the treatment of cerebral infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Desheng Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Zhao RC, Zhang F. Potential mesenchymal stem cell therapeutics for treating primary biliary cholangitis: advances, challenges, and perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933565. [PMID: 35923849 PMCID: PMC9339990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by the gradual destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts that eventually leads to liver cirrhosis, failure, and even carcinoma. The treatment options for PBC are limited, and the main treatment choices are the US Food and Drug Administration–approved ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid. However, many patients fail to respond adequately to these drugs and the adverse effects frequently lead to low life quality. For patients with end-stage PBC, liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment. Given their low immunogenicity, prominent immunomodulation property, differentiation potential, and tissue maintenance capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as new options for treating liver diseases, including PBC. Accumulating evidence from basic research to clinical studies supports the positive effects of MSC-based therapy for treating PBC. In this review, we characterized the underlying roles and mechanisms of MSCs for treating liver diseases and highlight recent basic and clinical advances in MSC-based therapy for treating PBC. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives for MSC-based therapy in clinical application are discussed, which could help accelerate the application of MSCs in clinical practice, especially for refractory diseases such as PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yang
- Clinical Biobank, National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Medical Science Research Centre, Medical Science Research Centre, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Zhang, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengchun Zhang, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma Z, Chu L, Liu CF, Liu W, Wei J. Construction of a Joint Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5967131. [PMID: 35419117 PMCID: PMC9001103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5967131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) has imposed significant threat to both middle-aged and elderly people worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare but serious complication following IS, which can further increase patient disability and mortality rates. With the development of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment, the prognosis of IS has been greatly improved. However, the pathogenesis of IS complicated with AMI is still unclear. To fill this gap, this work uses bioinformatic analysis, where IS and AMI datasets were combined for differential gene analysis, and then, a ROC prediction model for target gene analysis was constructed. It is found that OSM gene has the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.793), followed by IL6ST, IL6, JAK1, IL6R, and JAK2 genes. Joint prediction model showed higher accuracy in predicting the outcome of control and case (AUC = 0.918). The etiology of ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction is complicated. Their cooccurring pathological mechanisms and the conversion between the two diseases could not be explained by a single gene. Therefore, the joint prediction model in this work can provide a better prediction accuracy for research purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Wupeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are important adult stem cells for regenerative medicine, largely due to their regenerative characteristics such as self-renewal, secretion of trophic factors, and the capability of inducing mesenchymal cell lineages. MSCs also possess homing and trophic properties modulating immune system, influencing microenvironment around damaged tissues and enhancing tissue repair, thus offering a broad perspective in cell-based therapies. Therefore, it is not surprising that MSCs have been the broadly used adult stem cells in clinical trials. To gain better insights into the current applications of MSCs in clinical applications, we perform a comprehensive review of reported data of MSCs clinical trials conducted globally. We summarize the biological effects and mechanisms of action of MSCs, elucidating recent clinical trials phases and findings, highlighting therapeutic effects of MSCs in several representative diseases, including neurological, musculoskeletal diseases and most recent Coronavirus infectious disease. Finally, we also highlight the challenges faced by many clinical trials and propose potential solutions to streamline the use of MSCs in routine clinical applications and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Treatment: From Animal Experiments to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073485. [PMID: 35408846 PMCID: PMC8998625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is a member of the monocyte chemokine protein family, which binds to its receptor CCR2 to induce monocyte infiltration and mediate inflammation. The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway participates in the transduction of neuroinflammatory information between all types of cells in the central nervous system. Animal studies and clinical trials have shown that CCL2/CCR2 mediate the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and a higher CCL2 level in serum is associated with a higher risk of any form of stroke. In the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression of CCL2/CCR2 is increased in the ischemic penumbra, which promotes neuroinflammation and enhances brain injury. In the later phase, it participates in the migration of neuroblasts to the ischemic area and promotes the recovery of neurological function. CCL2/CCR2 gene knockout or activity inhibition can reduce the nerve inflammation and brain injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, suggesting that the development of drugs regulating the activity of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway could be used to prevent and treat the cell injury in the acute phase and promote the recovery of neurological function in the chronic phase in ischemic stroke patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052550. [PMID: 35269692 PMCID: PMC8910569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to aging of the world’s population, stroke has become increasingly prevalent, leading to a rise in socioeconomic burden. In the recent past, stroke research and treatment have become key scientific issues that need urgent solutions, with a sharp focus on stem cell transplantation, which is known to treat neurodegenerative diseases related to traumatic brain injuries, such as stroke. Indeed, stem cell therapy has brought hope to many stroke patients, both in animal and clinical trials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly utilized in biological medical research, due to their pluripotency and universality. MSCs are often obtained from adipose tissue and bone marrow, and transplanted via intravenous injection. Therefore, this review will discuss the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs and extracellular vehicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs for stroke, such as in attenuating inflammation through immunomodulation, releasing trophic factors to promote therapeutic effects, inducing angiogenesis, promoting neurogenesis, reducing the infarct volume, and replacing damaged cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Upregulation of CD14 in mesenchymal stromal cells accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced response and enhances antibacterial properties. iScience 2022; 25:103759. [PMID: 35141503 PMCID: PMC8814754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have broad-ranging therapeutic properties, including the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and resolve infection. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating these antibacterial properties in MSCs are largely unknown. Here, we utilized a systems-based approach to compare MSCs from different genetic backgrounds that displayed differences in antibacterial activity. Although both MSCs satisfied traditional MSC-defining criteria, comparative transcriptomics and quantitative membrane proteomics revealed two unique molecular profiles. The antibacterial MSCs responded rapidly to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and had elevated levels of the LPS co-receptor CD14. CRISPR-mediated overexpression of endogenous CD14 in MSCs resulted in faster LPS response and enhanced antibacterial activity. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD14-upregulated MSCs revealed a shift in transcriptional ground state and a more uniform LPS-induced response. Our results highlight the impact of genetic background on MSC phenotypic diversity and demonstrate that overexpression of CD14 can prime these cells to be more responsive to bacterial challenge. MSCs from different genetic backgrounds have distinct responses to bacteria Upregulating CD14 in MSCs enhances LPS-induced response and antibacterial traits CD14 upregulation homogenizes MSC transcriptional profiles across individual cells
Collapse
|
20
|
Kulesza A, Zielniok K, Hawryluk J, Paczek L, Burdzinska A. Ibuprofen in Therapeutic Concentrations Affects the Secretion of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, but Not Their Proliferative and Migratory Capacity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020287. [PMID: 35204788 PMCID: PMC8961564 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are able to modulate the immune system activity and the regeneration processes mainly through the secretion of multiple soluble factors, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is produced as a result of cyclooxygenases (COX) activity. In the present study, we investigated how ibuprofen, a nonselective COX inhibitor, affects the proliferation, migration and secretion of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs). For this purpose, six hBM-MSCs populations were treated with ibuprofen at doses which do not differ from maximum serum concentrations during standard pharmacotherapy. Ibuprofen treatment (25 or 50 µg/mL) substantially reduced the secretion of PGE2 in all tested populations. Following ibuprofen administration, MSCs were subjected to proliferation (BrdU), transwell migration, and scratch assays, while its effect on MSCs secretome was evaluated by Proteome Profiler and Luminex immunoassays. Ibuprofen did not cause statistically significant changes in the proliferation rate and migration ability of MSCs (p > 0.05). However, ibuprofen (25 µg/mL for 3 days) significantly decreased mean secretion of: CCL2 (by 44%), HGF (by 31%), IL-6 (by 22%), VEGF (by 20%) and IL-4 (by 8%) compared to secretion of control MSCs (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that ibuprofen at therapeutic concentrations may impair the pro-regenerative properties of hBM-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kulesza
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Zielniok
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub Hawryluk
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Leszek Paczek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.H.); (L.P.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Burdzinska
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (J.H.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen H, Zhou L. Treatment of ischemic stroke with modified mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1155-1162. [PMID: 35919816 PMCID: PMC9339408 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.74161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Ischemia triggers a cascade of events leading to cell death and cerebral infarction. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment modality to promote the development of nerve and blood vessels and improve nerve function. However, MSCs have a limited therapeutic effect in the harsh microenvironment of ischemic brain tissue. Modified MSC therapy shows better therapeutic effect under different pathological conditions, and is expected to be translated into clinical practice. In this article, we review the latest advances in the development of modified MSCs for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. In particular, we summarize the targets involved in migration, homing, antioxidant stress, anti-inflammatory, nerve and vascular regeneration, providing new ideas for clinical transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue Changchun130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue Changchun130021, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Extracellular Vesicles Released from Neprilysin Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Enhance Therapeutic Effects in an Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5548630. [PMID: 34899919 PMCID: PMC8664527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects; however, clinical trial results are controversial. Neprilysin (NEP) is the main cleavage enzyme of β-amyloid (Aβ), which plays a major role in the pathology and etiology of AD. We evaluated whether transplantation of MSCs with NEP gene modification enhances the therapeutic effects in an AD animal model and then investigated these pathomechanisms. We manufactured NEP gene-enhanced human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and intravenously transplanted them in Aβ1-42-injected AD animal models. We compared the differences in behavioral tests and immunohistochemical assays between four groups: normal, Aβ1-42 injection, naïve hUC-MSCs, and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs. Both naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups showed significant improvements in memory compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. There was no significant difference between naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. There was a significant decrease in Congo red, BACE-1, GFAP, and Iba-1 and a significant increase in BDNF, NeuN, and NEP in both hUC-MSC groups compared to the Aβ1-42 injection group. Among them, BDNF, NeuN, GFAP, Iba-1, and NEP showed more significant changes in the NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC group than in the naïve group. After stem cell injection, stem cells were not found. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were equally observed in the hippocampus in the naïve and NEP-enhanced hUC-MSC groups. However, the EVs of NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs contained higher amounts of NEP as compared to the EVs of naïve hUC-MSCs. Thus, hUC-MSCs affect AD animal models through stem cell-released EVs. Although there was no significant difference in cognitive function between the hUC-MSC groups, NEP-enhanced hUC-MSCs had superior neurogenesis and anti-inflammation properties compared to naïve hUC-MSCs due to increased NEP in the hippocampus by enriched NEP-possessing EVs. NEP gene-modified MSCs that release an increased amount of NEP within EVs may be a promising therapeutic option in AD treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hurd MD, Goel I, Sakai Y, Teramura Y. Current status of ischemic stroke treatment: From thrombolysis to potential regenerative medicine. Regen Ther 2021; 18:408-417. [PMID: 34722837 PMCID: PMC8517544 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and is expected to increase in the future with the aging population. Currently, there are no clinically available treatments for damage sustained during an ischemic stroke, but much research is being conducted in this area. In this review, we will introduce current ischemic stroke treatments along with their limitations, as well as research on potential short and long-term future treatments. There are advantages and disadvantages in these potential treatments, but our understanding of these methods and their effectiveness in clinical trials are improving. We are confident that some future treatments introduced in this review will become commonly used in clinical settings in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason Daniel Hurd
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Isha Goel
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute (CMB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central fifth, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu Z, Guo L, Yeltai N, Xu H, Zhang Y. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2-enhanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell co-culture system in adipose tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:163-176. [PMID: 34811942 DOI: 10.1002/term.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured in vitro are widely used in adipose tissue engineering but exhibit various limitations. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been proved essential during adipogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. We examined whether adipogenesis and angiogenesis could also be directly promoted by CCL2 in vitro. Cells were cultured with 0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml CCL2. The effects of CCL2 on adipogenesis of hADSCs, and lipid accumulation in the positive control group (hADSCs), blank control group (hADSCs + HUVECs), and experimental group (hADSCs + HUVECs + CCL2) in the hADSC and HUVEC direct co-culture system were evaluated by Oil Red O staining. Angiogenesis in the presence of CCL2 was evaluated by Matrigel tube formation assay. Angiogenic- and adipogenic-associated gene and protein expression in the co-culture system were measured by Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blotting, respectively. All concentrations of CCL2 promoted hADSC adipogenic differentiation and HUVEC tube formation (P < 0.05). Following direct co-culture, the experimental group accumulated more lipid droplets than the positive control (P < 0.0001), whereas the latter showed better adipogenesis than the blank control group. 50 ng/ml CCL2 exhibited stronger adipogenic and angiogenic potential than other concentrations. After 72 h of direct co-culture, the mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, Leptin, and lipoprotein lipase) and angiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, matrix metalloprotein (MMP) 9, and 14) in the experimental group was much higher than in the control (P < 0.05). The addition of 50 ng/ml CCL2 in the system resulted in elevated phosphorylated Protein kinase B/AKT expression. In summary, CCL2 directly promoted adipogenesis of hADSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs under both mono-culture and co-culture condition in vitro possibly by enhancing AKT phosphorylation. An optimal concentration of 50 ng/ml CCL2 could improve the adipogenesis and angiogenesis of hADSC and HUVEC co-culture system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linxiumei Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nurzat Yeltai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
da Costa VR, Araldi RP, Vigerelli H, D’Ámelio F, Mendes TB, Gonzaga V, Policíquio B, Colozza-Gama GA, Valverde CW, Kerkis I. Exosomes in the Tumor Microenvironment: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:2617. [PMID: 34685596 PMCID: PMC8533895 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important health problems and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the advances in oncology, cancer heterogeneity remains challenging to therapeutics. This is because the exosome-mediated crosstalk between cancer and non-cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the acquisition of all hallmarks of cancer and leads to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit resistance to a range of anticancer drugs. Thus, this review aims to summarize the role of TME-derived exosomes in cancer biology and explore the clinical potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes as a cancer treatment, discussing future prospects of cell-free therapy for cancer treatment and challenges to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rodrigues da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Fernanda D’Ámelio
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Thais Biude Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Vivian Gonzaga
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Policíquio
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Avelar Colozza-Gama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - Irina Kerkis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Progress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9923566. [PMID: 34221026 PMCID: PMC8219421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability worldwide. Despite the great efforts that have been made, the prognosis of patients with IS remains unsatisfactory. Notably, recent studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy is becoming a novel research hotspot with large potential in treating multiple human diseases including IS. The current article is aimed at reviewing the progress of MSC treatment on IS. The mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of IS involved with immune regulation, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and neural circuit reconstruction. In addition, nutritional cytokines, mitochondria, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the main mediators of the therapeutic effect of MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs-derived EVs (MSCs-EVs) affords a better neuroprotective against IS when compared with transplantation of MSCs alone. MSC therapy can prolong the treatment time window of ischemic stroke, and early administration within 7 days after stroke may be the best treatment opportunity. The deliver routine consists of intraventricular, intravascular, intranasal, and intraperitoneal. Furthermore, several methods such as hypoxic preconditioning and gene technology could increase the homing and survival ability of MSCs after transplantation. In addition, MSCs combined with some drugs or physical therapy measures also show better neurological improvement. These data supported the notion that MSC therapy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for IS. And the application of new technology will promote MSC therapy of IS.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ex Vivo Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy to Regenerate Machine Perfused Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105233. [PMID: 34063399 PMCID: PMC8156338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation represents the treatment of choice for many end-stage diseases but is limited by the shortage of healthy donor organs. Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has the potential to extend the donor pool by facilitating the use of marginal quality organs such as those from donors after cardiac death (DCD) and extended criteria donors (ECD). NMP provides a platform for organ quality assessment but also offers the opportunity to treat and eventually regenerate organs during the perfusion process prior to transplantation. Due to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an interesting tool in this model system. Only a limited number of studies have reported on the use of MSCs during ex situ machine perfusion so far with a focus on feasibility and safety aspects. At this point, no clinical benefits have been conclusively demonstrated, and studies with controlled transplantation set-ups are urgently warranted to elucidate favorable effects of MSCs in order to improve organs during ex situ machine perfusion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Ye Y, Hu X, Gu L, Xiong X. Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652647. [PMID: 33967696 PMCID: PMC8096981 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and mortality in the world, but the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS) is not completely clear and treatments are limited. Mounting evidence indicate that neovascularization is a critical defensive reaction to hypoxia that modulates the process of long-term neurologic recovery after IS. Angiogenesis is a complex process in which the original endothelial cells in blood vessels are differentiated, proliferated, migrated, and finally remolded into new blood vessels. Many immune cells and cytokines, as well as growth factors, are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Inflammatory cells can affect endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and activation by secreting a variety of cytokines via various inflammation-relative signaling pathways and thus participate in the process of angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hence, this review aimed to discuss the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in IS and to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou G, Wang Y, Gao S, Fu X, Cao Y, Peng Y, Zhuang J, Hu J, Shao A, Wang L. Potential Mechanisms and Perspectives in Ischemic Stroke Treatment Using Stem Cell Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646927. [PMID: 33869200 PMCID: PMC8047216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the major causes of death and disability due to the limited ability of central nervous system cells to regenerate and differentiate. Although several advances have been made in stroke therapies in the last decades, there are only a few approaches available to improve IS outcome. In the acute phase of IS, mechanical thrombectomy and the administration of tissue plasminogen activator have been widely used, while aspirin or clopidogrel represents the main therapy used in the subacute or chronic phase. However, in most cases, stroke patients fail to achieve satisfactory functional recovery under the treatments mentioned above. Recently, cell therapy, especially stem cell therapy, has been considered as a novel and potential therapeutic strategy to improve stroke outcome through mechanisms, including cell differentiation, cell replacement, immunomodulation, neural circuit reconstruction, and protective factor release. Different stem cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, marrow mononuclear cells, and neural stem cells, have also been considered for stroke therapy. In recent years, many clinical and preclinical studies on cell therapy have been carried out, and numerous results have shown that cell therapy has bright prospects in the treatment of stroke. However, some cell therapy issues are not yet fully understood, such as its optimal parameters including cell type choice, cell doses, and injection routes; therefore, a closer relationship between basic and clinical research is needed. In this review, the role of cell therapy in stroke treatment and its mechanisms was summarized, as well as the function of different stem cell types in stroke treatment and the clinical trials using stem cell therapy to cure stroke, to reveal future insights on stroke-related cell therapy, and to guide further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
He J, Liu J, Huang Y, Tang X, Xiao H, Hu Z. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy: Potential Targets of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:641157. [PMID: 33716657 PMCID: PMC7952613 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.641157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide; currently available treatment approaches for ischemic stroke are to restore blood flow, which reduce disability but are time limited. The interruption of blood flow in ischemic stroke contributes to intricate pathophysiological processes. Oxidative stress and inflammatory activity are two early events in the cascade of cerebral ischemic injury. These two factors are reciprocal causation and directly trigger the development of autophagy. Appropriate autophagy activity contributes to brain recovery by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory activity, while autophagy dysfunction aggravates cerebral injury. Abundant evidence demonstrates the beneficial impact of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and secretome on cerebral ischemic injury. MSCs reduce oxidative stress through suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and transferring healthy mitochondria to damaged cells. Meanwhile, MSCs exert anti-inflammation properties by the production of cytokines and extracellular vesicles, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells activation, suppressing pyroptosis, and alleviating blood–brain barrier leakage. Additionally, MSCs regulation of autophagy imbalances gives rise to neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury. Altogether, MSCs have been a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke due to their pleiotropic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33579329 PMCID: PMC7880217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
Collapse
|