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Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Kusy K, Podgórski T, Pospieszna B, Zieliński J. Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17040. [PMID: 38560450 PMCID: PMC10981411 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. Methods The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion. Results There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination. Conclusions The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete's physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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2
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Carin R, Deglicourt G, Rezigue H, Martin M, Nougier C, Boisson C, Dargaud Y, Joly P, Renoux C, Connes P, Stauffer E, Nader E. Effects of a Maximal Exercise Followed by a Submaximal Exercise Performed in Normobaric Hypoxia (2500 m), on Blood Rheology, Red Blood Cell Senescence, and Coagulation in Well-Trained Cyclists. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020179. [PMID: 36837797 PMCID: PMC9964623 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute normoxic exercise impacts the rheological properties of red blood cells (RBC) and their senescence state; however, there is a lack of data on the effects of exercise performed in hypoxia on RBC properties. This crossover study compared the effects of acute hypoxia vs. normoxia on blood rheology, RBC senescence, and coagulation during exercise. Nine trained male cyclists completed both a session in normoxia (FiO2 = 21%) and hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.3% ≈ 2500 m). The two sessions were randomly performed, separated by one week, and consisted of an incremental and maximal exercise followed by a 20 min exercise at the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) on a home-trainer. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to analyze hematological parameters, blood rheology (hematocrit, blood viscosity, RBC deformability and aggregation), RBC senescence markers (phosphatidylserine (PS) and CD47 exposure, intraerythrocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium content), and blood clot viscoelastic properties. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood lactate were also measured. In both conditions, exercise induced an increase in blood viscosity, hematocrit, intraerythrocyte calcium and ROS content, and blood lactate concentration. We also observed an increase in blood clot amplitude, and a significant drop in SpO2 during exercise in the two conditions. RBC aggregation and CD47 exposure were not modified. Exercise in hypoxia induced a slight decrease in RBC deformability which could be related to the slight increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). However, the values of RBC deformability and MCHC after the exercise performed in hypoxia remained in the normal range of values. In conclusion, acute hypoxia does not amplify the RBC and coagulation changes induced by an exercise bout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Carin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Deglicourt
- Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l’activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Hamdi Rezigue
- Service d’hématologie-hémostase, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Bron, France
| | - Marie Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Nougier
- Service d’hématologie-hémostase, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Bron, France
- EA 4609-Hémostase et Thrombose, SFR Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
| | - Yesim Dargaud
- Service d’hématologie-hémostase, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Bron, France
- EA 4609-Hémostase et Thrombose, SFR Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Bron, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Bron, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
- Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l’activité Physique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Universié Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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3
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Grijota FJ, Toro-Román V, Siquier-Coll J, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Total Iron Concentrations in Different Biological Matrices-Influence of Physical Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173549. [PMID: 36079807 PMCID: PMC9460040 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the most widely studied trace mineral elements. Fe metabolism and homeostasis could be altered by physical training. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of long-term physical training on serum, plasma, urine (extracellular), erythrocyte and platelet (intracellular) Fe concentrations. Forty men from the same geographical area divided into a training group (TG; n = 20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years) and a control group (CG; n = 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years) participated in this study. The TG was composed of soccer players of the highest youth category. The CG consisted of young people who did not follow any training routine and had not practiced any sport for at least the previous six months. The TG showed higher plasma and serum Fe concentrations (p < 0.05), but lower concentrations in erythrocytes and platelets compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Due to the differences observed in the extracellular and intracellular compartments, it seems necessary to perform a global Fe analysis to assess Fe status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Grijota
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Nebrija, Campus La Berzosa, Calle del Hostal, 28248 Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(927)-257-460 (ext. 57833)
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- SER Research Group, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Comillas Pontifical University, Costa de Saragossa 16, 07013 Palma Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
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4
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In Sickness and in Health: Erythrocyte Responses to Stress and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136957. [PMID: 35805962 PMCID: PMC9267024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant host cell in our body [...]
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5
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Fouré A, Besson T, Stauffer E, Skinner SC, Bouvier J, Féasson L, Connes P, Hautier CA, Millet GY. Sex-related differences and effects of short and long trail running races on resting muscle-tendon mechanical properties. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1477-1492. [PMID: 35730335 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess sex-related differences in resting mechanical properties and adaptations of skeletal muscles and tendons in response to trail running races of different distances using multi-site shear wave elastography assessments of the lower limb, force capacity and blood analyses. Sex differences in resting mechanical properties of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles and tendons were characterized by shear wave velocity measurements in healthy males (N=42) and females (N=25) trained in long distance running. Effects of running distance on muscle and tendon properties were assessed in short (<60km, N=23) vs. long (>100km, N=26) distance races. Changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque, serum C-reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were also quantified after running races. Higher shear wave velocity of relaxed triceps surae muscle was detected in females as compared to males before running races (+4.8%, p=0.006), but the significant increases in triceps surae muscle group (+7.0%, p=0.001) and patellar tendon shear wave velocity (+15.4%, p=0.001) after short-distance races were independent of sex. A significant decrease in triceps surae muscle shear wave velocity was found after long-distance races in the whole experimental population (-3.1%, p=0.049). Post-races increase in C-reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were significantly correlated to the relative decreases in triceps surae and quadriceps femoris skeletal muscle shear wave velocity (ρ=-0.56, p=0.001 and ρ=-0.51, p=0.001, respectively). Resting mechanical properties of muscles and tendons are affected by sex, and that adaptations to trail races are related to running distance. Exercise-induced changes in resting skeletal muscle mechanical properties are associated with enhanced indirect markers of inflammation and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fouré
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thibault Besson
- Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Campus Santé Innovations-IRMIS, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Médecine du Sport et de l'Activité Physique, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Sarah C Skinner
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Bouvier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Campus Santé Innovations-IRMIS, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.,CHU St Etienne, Unité de Myologie, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, Euro-NmD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Christophe A Hautier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), Campus Santé Innovations-IRMIS, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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6
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Hypoxia and hemorheological properties in older individuals. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101650. [PMID: 35597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is caused by insufficient oxygen availability for the organism leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and cells. It has been regarded as a severe threat to human health and it is indeed implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development and progression of many diseases. Nevertheless, the potential of controlled hypoxia interventions (i.e. hypoxia conditioning) for improving cardio-vascular health is gaining increased attention. However, blood rheology is often a forgotten factor for vascular health while aging and hypoxia exposure are both suspected to alter hemorheological properties. These changes in blood rheology may influence the benefits-risks balance of hypoxia exposure in older individuals. The benefits of hypoxia exposure for vascular health are mainly reported for healthy populations and the combined impact of aging and hypoxia on blood rheology could therefore be deleterious in older individuals. This review discusses evidence of hypoxia-related and aging-related changes in blood viscosity and its determinants. It draws upon an extensive literature search on the effects of hypoxia/altitude and aging on blood rheology. Aging increases blood viscosity mainly through a rise in plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and a decrease in RBC deformability. Hypoxia also causes an increase in RBC aggregation and plasma viscosity. In addition, hypoxia exposure may increase hematocrit and modulate RBC deformability, depending on the hypoxic dose, i.e, beneficial effect of intermittent hypoxia with moderate dose vs deleterious effect of chronic continuous or intermittent hypoxia or if the hypoxic dose is too high. Special attention is directed toward the risks vs. benefits of hemorheological changes during hypoxia exposure in older individuals, and its clinical relevance for vascular disorders.
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7
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Skinner S, Nader E, Stauffer E, Robert M, Boisson C, Cibiel A, Foschia C, Feasson L, Robach P, Millet GY, Connes P. Differential impacts of trail and ultra-trail running on cytokine profiles: An observational study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:301-310. [PMID: 33814421 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance running events are known to cause inflammation and result in increased cytokine production. However, the effects of ultramarathons on cytokine profiles are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe and compare the effects of a trail (40 km) race and an ultra-trail (171 km) race on leukocyte concentrations and cytokine profiles. METHODS The study was conducted during the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc® ultra-marathon running event, and included 11 runners who completed the 40 km trail run and 12 runners who completed the 171 km ultra-trail. Blood samples were taken before and after the races. RESULTS Leukocyte concentrations significantly increased after both races. Circulating levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IFN-γ were significantly higher after the longer race compared to the shorter race. Furthermore, while both races resulted in significant increases in IL-6 and IL-8, only the longer race resulted in significant increases in MIP-1β, IL-7, IL-17a, and IL-4. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that a 171 km ultra-trail race results in greater modulations in cytokine profiles than a traditional trail race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Skinner
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Emeric Stauffer
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Médecine du Sport et de l'Activité Physique, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Robert
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Erytech Pharma, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | | | - Clément Foschia
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Feasson
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France.,Unité de Myologie, Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, Hôpital Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul Robach
- National School for Mountain Sports, Site of the National School for Skiing and Mountaineering (ENSA), Chamonix, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
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Pradas F, Falcón D, Peñarrubia-Lozano C, Toro-Román V, Carrasco L, Castellar C. Effects of Ultratrail Running on Neuromuscular Function, Muscle Damage and Hydration Status. Differences According to Training Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5119. [PMID: 34065969 PMCID: PMC8150532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The status of trail running races has exponentially grown in recent years. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate the acute response of ultratrail racing in terms of neuromuscular function, muscle damage and hydration status; (b) analyze if responses could differ according to training levels. Twenty runners participated in the present study. The participants were divided into amateur training level (n = 10; 43.30 ± 4.52 years) or high level competitors (n = 10; 41.40 ± 6.18). Neuromuscular response (squat jump, countermovement jump and Abalakov jump), muscle damage (alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatine kinase and leukocytes) and hydration status (sodium and creatinine) were evaluated before and after the Guara Somontano Ultratrail Race (108 km distance, with an accumulated slope of 5800 m). The height and power achieved by vertical jumps were lower after the race (p < 0.001). The post-race muscle damage and creatinine parameters increased in both groups (p < 0.001). The high-level group obtained lower percentages of change in squat jump and countermovement jump than the amateur-level group (p < 0.05). However, the increase in creatinine was greater for the high-level group (p < 0.05). Ultratrail racing reduces neuromuscular function and increases muscle damage. High-level runners showed less neuromuscular fatigue compared to amateur ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - David Falcón
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Carlos Peñarrubia-Lozano
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis Carrasco
- BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carlos Castellar
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.-L.); (C.C.)
- Department of Corporal Expression, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
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