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Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Kusy K, Podgórski T, Pospieszna B, Zieliński J. Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17040. [PMID: 38560450 PMCID: PMC10981411 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. Methods The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion. Results There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination. Conclusions The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete's physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Pospieszna B, Kusy K, Slominska EM, Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Zieliński J. Sports Participation Promotes Beneficial Adaptations in the Erythrocyte Guanylate Nucleotide Pool in Male Athletes Aged 20-90 Years. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:987-997. [PMID: 37377627 PMCID: PMC10292611 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s406555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The guanine nucleotide pool (GTP, guanosine-5'-triphosphate; GDP, guanosine-5'-diphosphate, and GMP, guanosine-5'-monophosphate) is an essential energy donor in various biological processes (eg protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis) and secures several vital regulatory functions in the human body. The study aimed to predict the trends of age-related changes in erythrocyte guanine nucleotides and examine whether competitive sport and related physical training promote beneficial adaptations in erythrocyte guanylate concentrations. Methods The study included 86 elite endurance runners (EN) aged 20-81 years, 58 sprint-trained athletes (SP) aged 21-90 years, and 62 untrained individuals (CO) aged 20-68 years. Results The concentration of erythrocyte GTP and total guanine nucleotides (TGN) were highest in the SP group, lower in the EN group, and lowest in the CO group. Both athletic groups had higher guanylate energy charge (GEC) values than the CO group (p = 0.012). Concentrations of GTP, TGN, and GEC value significantly decreased, while GDP and GMP concentrations progressively increased with age. Conclusion Such a profile of change suggests a deterioration of the GTP-related regulatory function in older individuals. Our study explicitly shows that lifelong sports participation, especially of sprint-oriented nature, allows for maintaining a higher erythrocyte guanylate pool concentration, supporting cells' energy metabolism, regulatory and transcription properties, and thus more efficient overall body functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Kantanista A, Kusy K, Pospieszna B, Korman P, Wieliński D, Zieliński J. Combined Analysis of Blood Ammonia and Lactate Levels as a Practical Tool to Assess the Metabolic Response to Training Sessions in Male and Female Sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2591-2598. [PMID: 31268986 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kantanista, A, Kusy, K, Pospieszna, B, Korman, P, Wieliński, D, and Zieliński, J. Combined analysis of blood ammonia and lactate levels as a practical tool to assess the metabolic response to training sessions in male and female sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2591-2598, 2021-Previous research has mainly focused on blood ammonia and lactate concentration changes in response to exercise in laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to present a combined analysis of blood ammonia and lactate levels obtained during various training sessions performed under real training conditions. Differences between the sexes were also analyzed. The study subjects included 9 male and 8 female sprinters competing at the international level. The two-way analyses of variance, with repeated measures (time × sex), for lactate and blood ammonia concentrations during strength, speed (only lactate), speed with baton exchange, and speed endurance training sessions were significant. Blood ammonia and lactate levels obtained during repeated sprints were higher in male than female athletes. Peak lactate concentrations obtained from different training sessions were different in the female (F(3, 18) = 49.82, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.893) and male (F(3, 21) = 312.26, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.978) athletes; post hoc analyses of the men and women showed differences in maximum lactate concentration between training sessions, except in the speed and strength sessions. Peak ammonia concentrations obtained in the different training sessions were also different in the female (F(3, 18) = 121.06, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.953) and male (F(3, 21) = 196.04, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.965) athletes; in both the men and women, significant differences in maximum blood ammonia concentrations were found between the training sessions, except for the speed and speed with baton exchange training sessions. The results of this study indicate that the combined analysis of lactate and blood ammonia concentration provides the coach with valuable additional information about the level of adenosine triphosphate breakdown, the energy system contribution involved in muscle energy coverage during very short, repeated maximal sprints, and, most importantly, allows the coach to check whether preworkout goals were actually met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Korman
- Chair of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland ; and
| | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Kołodziejczyk P, Makowska A, Pospieszna B, Michniewicz J, Paschke H. Chemical and nutritional characteristics of high-fibre rye milling fractions [pdf]. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2018. [DOI: 10.17306/j.afs.2018.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Radojewski M, Podgórski T, Pospieszna B, Kryściak J, Śliwicka E, Karolkiewicz J. Skeletal Muscle Cell Damage Indicators in Volleyball Players after the Competitive Phase of the Annual Training Cycle. J Hum Kinet 2018; 62:81-90. [PMID: 29922380 PMCID: PMC6006534 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the competitive phase on physiological and metabolic indices and selected markers of skeletal muscle damage in male volleyball players. The study group consisted of 24 young male volleyball players. During the study, participants underwent two series of measurements, before and after the competitive phase of the annual training cycle. In both study terms, players performed an incremental treadmill running test to determine their ventilatory threshold and maximal oxygen uptake. Venous and capillary blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. There was no significant difference in the physical fitness level, values of biochemical variables and the level of antioxidant status in the surveyed athletes between the two study terms. Significant changes within skeletal muscle damage markers were observed between the beginning and the end of the competitive period: an increase in the concentration of cellular DNA damage products (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; p < 0.0001) and a decrease in muscle activity of creatine kinase (p<0.05). In spite of the increment in cell damage markers, the unaffected level of physiological and biochemical markers may indicate that the experienced cell destruction did not negatively affect the level of physical fitness. When designing the annual training plan, coaches and athletes need to take into consideration that temporary physiological states - oxidative stress and inflammation - may be required to attain training adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Radojewski
- Department of Biomedical Foundations of Physical Activity, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podgórski
- Department of Biomedical Foundations of Physical Activity, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Kryściak
- Department of Biomedical Foundations of Physical Activity, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Śliwicka
- Department of Biomedical Foundations of Physical Activity, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Foundations of Physical Activity, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Kołodziejczyk P, Makowska A, Pospieszna B, Michniewicz J, Paschke H. Chemical and nutritional characteristics of high-fibre rye milling fractions. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2018; 17:149-157. [PMID: 29803217 DOI: 10.17306/j.afs.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of consuming more high-fibre cereal-based food products. Therefore, there is a need to discover new ways to improve the overall nutritional balance of refined cereal products and focus on increasing their dietary fibre content, at the expense of readily digestible carbohydrates. METHODS Lab-scale milling and sieving of whole rye grain was used to obtain two fractions rich in dietary fibre. The fractions were analysed and compared, in terms of microstructure, chemical com- position and nutritional quality. RESULTS The two fractions significantly obtained differed in their particle size and contents of minerals, available saccharides, and nutritional fractions of starch and dietary fibre and its major components. The total dietary fibre concentrations in the coarse and fine fractions were 50.0 and 36.0 g/100 g, respectively, i.e. three and 2.2 times higher than that of wholegrain rye flour. Both fractions also differed in their relative proportions of major fibre components. In the fine fraction, the levels of soluble fibre, as well as soluble arabinoxylans and fructans, were significantly higher than those in the coarse fraction. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that the application of a simple dry-fractionation method to wholemeal rye flour allows the preparation of two rye products which can serve as concentrated sources of dietary fibre low in available saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Makowska
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Michniewicz
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Hanna Paschke
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Kocur P, Pospieszna B, Choszczewski D, Michalowski L, Wiernicka M, Lewandowski J. The effects of Nordic Walking training on selected upper-body muscle groups in female-office workers: A randomized trial. Work 2017; 56:277-283. [PMID: 28234265 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular Nordic Walking training could improve fitness and reduce tenderness in selected muscle groups in office workers. OBJECTIVE An assessment of the effects of a 12-week Nordic Walking training program on the perceived pain threshold (PPT) and the flexibility of selected upper-body muscle groups in postmenopausal female office workers. METHODS 39 office workers were selected at random for the treatment group (NWg, n = 20) and the control group (Cg, n = 19). The persons from the NW group completed a 12-week Nordic Walking training program (3 times a week/1 hour). PPTs measurements in selected muscles and functional tests evaluating upper-body flexibility (Back Scratch - BS) were carried out twice in every participant of the study: before and after the training program. RESULTS A significant increase in PPT (kg/cm2) was observed in the following muscles in the NW group only: upper trapezius (from 1,32 kg/cm2 to 1,99 kg/cm2), mid trapezius (from 2,92 kg/cm2 to 3,30 kg/cm2), latissimus dorsi (from 1,66 kg/cm2 to 2,21 kg/cm2) and infraspinatus (from 1,63 kg/cm2 to 2,93 kg/cm2). Moreover, a significant improvement in the BS test was noted in the NW group compared with the control group (from -1,16±5,7 cm to 2,18±5,1 cm in the NW group vs from -2,52±6,1 to -2,92±6,2 in the control group). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week Nordic Walking training routine improves shoulder mobility and reduces tenderness in the following muscles: trapezius pars descendens and middle trapezius, infraspinatus and latissimus dorsi, in female office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kocur
- Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Choszczewski
- Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Michalowski
- Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Wiernicka
- Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Lewandowski
- Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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Pospieszna B, Karolkiewicz J, Tarnas J, Lewandowski J, Laurentowska M, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł. Influence of 12-week Nordic Walking training on biomarkers of endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 57:1178-1185. [PMID: 27653153 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Nordic Walking (NW) intervention on nitric oxide synthase activity (eNOS), levels of antibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (oLAb), plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis risk factors (AIP) in postmenopausal women. METHODS A sample of 39 women, divided into two comparable groups: training (N.=20) and control (N.=19), took part in the study. Participants in the training group performed a 12-week supervised NW training: 60-minute sessions of exercise, repeated three times per week. The biochemical and anthropometric data were obtained before and after the intervention. During the first and the last training sessions, the individual walking distance in trained group was measured. RESULTS After the intervention, significant differences in covered distance, body mass, BMI, fat mass, insulin level (P<0.01), systolic blood pressure and TBARS concentration (P<0.05) were found in trained women. CONCLUSIONS Applied training was able to improve functional capacity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women. It appears to be no direct link between a significant decrease in the level of systolic blood pressure, the level of eNOS activity, TAC, oLAb and plasma TBARS concentration in trained women. It seems probable that NW training would be more effective for postmenopausal women with more severely impaired endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland - .,Department of Tourism and Recreation, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland -
| | - Joanna Karolkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Tarnas
- Department of Physical Education, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Lewandowski
- Department of Motor Rehabilitation, Poznań University of Physical Education Poland, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Laurentowska
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygiene, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Wieczorek-Baranowska A, Nowak A, Michalak E, Karolkiewicz J, Pospieszna B, Rutkowski R, Laurentowska M, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak L. Effect of aerobic exercise on insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2011; 51:525-532. [PMID: 21904293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of presented study was to verify the influence of aerobic physical activity program on the serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. METHODS Somatic parameters and serum concentrations of insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in 21 overweight and obese women, before and after 8-week cycloergometer physical workout and 16 age-matched, controls. Age of all studied women ranged from 54 to 78 years. RESULTS The comparative analysis of biochemical indices measured before and after the training program showed that the systematic exercise cause the significant decrease in insulin (P<0.05) and IGF-1 concentrations (P<0.05). There were no differences in these parameters in controls over the studied period. The level of IGFBP-3 was not significantly changed in both investigated groups. In women participating in the training program the positive correlation (P<0.05) between changes in IGF-1 levels (Δ) and changes in insulin concentrations (Δ) within two terms of the study were found. The magnitude of changes (Δ) in insulin and IGF-1 levels over the study period correlated with their concentrations measured before the training program (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Results of the present study indicate that regular aerobic physical activity decreases serum insulin and IGF-1 levels in postmenopausal women. The magnitude of insulin and IGF-1 concentration changes depend on their initial levels. Changes of IGF-1 levels are associated with insulin concentration modifications.
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Laurentowska M, Głowacki M, Michalak E, Deskur-Smielecka E, Barinow-Wojewódzki A, Pospieszna B. Assessment of respiratory function in girls with scoliosis after thoracoplasty. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2009; 11:513-519. [PMID: 20032527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess pulmonary function in patients after spinal fusion combined with thoracoplasty in comparison with subjects in whom thoracoplasty was not performed, but who underwent intensive rehabilitation. MATERIAL NA DMETHODS: The study population consisted of two groups of adolescent girls about two years after surgical correction of scoliosis by Cotrel-Dubousset method. The subjects in the first group (thoracoplasty group) underwent spinal fusion in combination with thoracoplasty, which consisted in subperiosteal resection of deformed segments of six ribs on top of the rib hump. Patients in the second group (rehabilitation group) had no thoracoplasty, but participated in a 4-week rehabilitation programme based on endurance training. Pulmonary function was assessed in all subjects with resting spirometry. Additionally, maximal oxygen uptake was determined using an indirect method. RESULTS Spirometric parameters at rest were significantly higher in subjects participating in the rehabilitation program compared to the thoracoplasty patients. VO2max values were similar in both groups, indicating relatively good exercise capacity. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive motor rehabilitation based on endurance training has a favorable influence on pulmonary function in patients after surgical correction of scoliosis. A rehabilitation program should be included in the management of patients after spinal fusion combined with thoracoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laurentowska
- Division of Physiology, University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Poland.
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Karolkiewicz J, Michalak E, Pospieszna B, Deskur-Smielecka E, Nowak A, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł. Response of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters to an 8-week aerobic physical activity program in healthy, postmenopausal women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 49:e67-71. [PMID: 18990458 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of an 8-week aerobic physical activity program on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant parameters, and selected metabolic parameters in healthy, postmenopausal women. The study was carried out in a group of 41 healthy women (mean age 65 years) participating in an 8-week cycle ergometer physical workout of moderate intensity. Before and after completing the training program, the following parameters were assessed: total antioxidant status (TAS) and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma, serum levels of antibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (oLAB), serum concentrations of glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), insulin, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in red blood cells (RBC). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and insulin resistance index (HOMA(IR)) were calculated. The 8-week aerobic physical activity program resulted in significant decrease (p<0.01) in serum glucose and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, plasma TBARS concentrations (p<0.05), and in significant decrease of HOMA(IR) (p<0.01). TAS of plasma and GSH concentrations in RBC increased significantly (p<0.01) over the study period. The results show that an 8-week aerobic training enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in healthy, postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Karolkiewicz
- University School of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi str. 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.
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