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Samsuzzaman M, Subedi L, Hong SM, Lee S, Gaire BP, Ko EJ, Choi JW, Seo SY, Kim SY. A Synthetic Derivative SH 66 of Homoisoflavonoid from Liliaceae Exhibits Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity against LPS-Induced Microglial Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3037. [PMID: 38998988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring homoisoflavonoids isolated from some Liliaceae plants have been reported to have diverse biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects). The exact mechanism by which homoisoflavonones exert anti-neuroinflammatory effects against activated microglia-induced inflammatory cascades has not been well studied. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanism of homoisoflavonoid SH66 having a potential anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed BV2 murine microglial cells. Microglia cells were pre-treated with SH66 followed by LPS (100 ng/mL) activation. SH66 treatment attenuated the production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, by down-regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in LPS-activated microglia. The SH66-mediated inhibition of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex and the respective inflammatory biomarker-like active interleukin (IL)-1β were noted to be one of the key pathways of the anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, SH66 increased the neurite length in the N2a neuronal cell and the level of nerve growth factor in the C6 astrocyte cell. Our results demonstrated the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of SH66 against LPS-activated microglia-mediated inflammatory events by down-regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, with respect to its neuroprotective effect. SH66 could be an interesting candidate for further research and development regarding prophylactics and therapeutics for inflammation-mediated neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Samsuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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He H, Su H, Chen X, Chen X, Yang S. Interference with GPR4 inactivates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by inhibiting LPAR1 expression to ameliorate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106863. [PMID: 38936540 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a detrimental disease with high mortality worldwide. We aimed to explore the role of G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) in MI/R injury in vitro. H9c2 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions to simulate the MI/R injury and GPR4 expression was detected. Then, GPR4 was knocked down and cell viability was examined with a CCK-8 assay. The activities of LDH, CK and CK-MB were detected to evaluate the damage of OGD/R-induced H9c2 cells. ELISA kits and TUNEL staining were used to examine the inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cells exposed to OGD/R conditions. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of proteins related to apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Additionally, Co-IP analyzed the binding between GPR4 and LPAR1. Finally, LPAR1 was overexpressed to conduct the rescue experiments. Results revealed that GPR4 was upregulated in OGD/R-treated H9c2 cells and GPR4 knockdown attenuated the damage of H9c2 cells. OGD/R induced inflammation and apoptosis were markedly inhibited by GPR4 silencing, as evidenced by the decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels as well as the elevated Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax and cleaved caspase3 expression. Moreover, GPR4 bound to LPAR1 and upregulated LPAR1 expression. Interference with GPR4 inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Besides, LPAR1 overexpression abrogated the effects of GPR4 silencing on the damage, inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by OGD/R. Particularly, LPAR1 upregulation promoted the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in GPR4-silenced H9c2 cells induced by OGD/R. To be concluded, GPR4 deficiency inactivates NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by inhibiting LPAR1 expression to ameliorate OGD/R -induced inflammation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlong He
- Radiology Department, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Huiren Su
- Radiology Department, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Xinjian Chen
- Radiology Department, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Hand and Foot Microsurgery & Wound Repair Department, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Shaoze Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Etugen University, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia.
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Jin J, Kang DH, Lee GH, Kim WM, Choi JI. Intrathecal gastrodin alleviates allodynia in a rat spinal nerve ligation model through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:213. [PMID: 38835032 PMCID: PMC11149323 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodin (GAS), a main bioactive component of the herbal plant, Gastrodia elata Blume, has shown to have beneficial effects on neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease in animal studies and migraine in clinical studies. Inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex having a core of pattern recognition receptor and has been implicated in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases. Gastrodin has shown to modulate the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This study investigated the effects of GAS on the intensity of mechanical allodynia and associated changes in NLRP3 inflammasome expression at the spinal level using L5/6 spinal nerve ligation model (SNL) in rats. METHODS Intrathecal (IT) catheter implantation and SNL were used for drug administration and pain model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of gastrodin or MCC950 (NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor) on mechanical allodynia was measured by von Frey test. Changes in NLRP3 inflammasome components and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cellular expression were examined in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. RESULTS The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components was found mostly in the neurons in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. The protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and IL-1β were upregulated in SNL animals compared to Sham animals. IT administration of GAS significantly attenuated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and the intensity of SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, also attenuated the intensity of allodynia, but the effect is less strong and shorter than that of GAS. CONCLUSIONS Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β is greatly increased and mostly found in the neurons at the spinal level in SNL model, and IT gastrodin exerts a significant anti-allodynic effect in SNL model partly through suppressing the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunXiu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ho Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Geon Hui Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Korea.
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
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Tiwari S, Basnet N, Choi JW. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Plays a Pathogenic Role in Permanent Brain Ischemic Stroke by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Responses. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:319-328. [PMID: 38627097 PMCID: PMC11063482 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) plays a critical role in brain injury following a transient brain ischemic stroke. However, its role in permanent brain ischemic stroke remains unknown. To address this, we investigated whether LPA1 could contribute to brain injury of mice challenged by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). A selective LPA1 antagonist (AM152) was used as a pharmacological tool for this investigation. When AM152 was given to pMCAO-challenged mice one hour after occlusion, pMCAO-induced brain damage such as brain infarction, functional neurological deficits, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption was significantly attenuated. Histological analyses demonstrated that AM152 administration attenuated microglial activation and proliferation in injured brain after pMCAO challenge. AM152 administration also attenuated abnormal neuroinflammatory responses by decreasing expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the injured brain. As underlying effector pathways, NF-κB, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNKs), and PI3K/Akt were found to be involved in LPA1-dependent pathogenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that LPA1 can contribute to brain injury by permanent ischemic stroke, along with relevant pathogenic events in an injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Basnet
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Xu H, Dong J, Li Y, Zhang L, Yin J, Zhu C, Wang X, Ren K, Zhang H, Zhao D. Neuritin has a neuroprotective role in the rat model of acute ischemia stroke by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107391. [PMID: 37832268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the anti-inflammatory, anti-neuronal apoptosis, and neuroprotective effects of Neuritin in rat models of acute ischemia stroke (AIS). METHODS AIS was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were divided into sham, MCAO, MCAO+neuritin, MCAO + neuritin + PBS, MCAO + neuritin+MCC950, and MCAO + neuritin + MSU groups. Neurological score assessment, brain water content measurement, HE staining, TTC staining, TUNEL staining, ELISA, and Western blot were performed. RESULTS Neuritin significantly improved the neurobehavioral score, infarct size, brain water content, apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory response compared with the MCAO and MCAO + PBS groups within 24 h after AIS. Moreover, Neuritin inhibited the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, and reduced the expression of IL-18 and IL-1B, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis effects of Neuritin were enhanced by MCC950 but partly counteracted by MSU. CONCLUSION Neuritin may reduce brain injury after AIS by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and then inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neuromedicine, Beitun Hospital, the Tenth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Beitun 836000, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Kunhao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Jiang S, Yang H, Li M. Emerging Roles of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Macrophages and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12524. [PMID: 37569902 PMCID: PMC10419859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous cell biological functions, including cell migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Macrophages are found in most human tissues and have multiple physiological and pathological functions. There is growing evidence that LPA signaling plays a significant role in the physiological function of macrophages and accelerates the development of diseases caused by macrophage dysfunction and inflammation, such as inflammation-related diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of LPA in macrophages, analyze numerous macrophage- and inflammation-associated diseases triggered by LPA, and discuss LPA-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Jiang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Kim SY, Sapkota A, Bae YJ, Choi SH, Bae HJ, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Choi YY, An JY, Cho SY, Hong SH, Choi JW, Park SJ. The Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Are Involved in the Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in DNCB-Challenged Atopic Dermatitis BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097720. [PMID: 37175425 PMCID: PMC10177797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated by various agents, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The NLRP3 inflammasome facilitations the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine that is critically involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although the NLRP3 inflammasome clearly exacerbates AD symptoms such as erythema and pruritus, drugs for AD patients targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are still lacking. Based on the previous findings that Mentha arvensis essential oil (MAEO) possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-AD properties through its inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway, we postulated that MAEO might be capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in AD. The aim of this research was to investigate whether MAEO affects the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with LPS + ATP in vitro and in a murine model displaying AD-like symptoms induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in vivo. We found that MAEO inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1, leading to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in BMDMs stimulated with LPS + ATP. In addition, MAEO exhibited efficacy in ameliorating AD symptoms in a murine model induced by DNCB, as indicated by the reduction in dermatitis score, ear thickness, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal thickness, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Furthermore, MAEO attenuated the recruitment of NLRP3-expressing macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine dorsal skin lesions induced by DNCB. Overall, we provide evidence for the anti-AD effects of MAEO via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Sapkota
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- School of Applied Science in Natural Resources & Environment, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Effects of 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid derivatives on IL-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106699. [PMID: 36513319 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by the breakdown of subchondral bone and cartilage damage, most often affecting middle-aged and elderly people. Although the etiology of OA is still unknown, some reports suggest that inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)- 1β mediate the progression of OA. To investigate the effect of IL-1β and the possibility of treatment for OA, we applied 2-carba-cyclic phosphatidic acid (2ccPA) and its derivatives on human chondrocytes. 2ccPA is a synthesized phospholipid derived from a bioactive phospholipid mediator: cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). It has been previously reported that 2ccPA exhibits anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in an OA animal model. 2ccPA and its ring-opened body (ROB) derivative significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced upregulation of IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-13, and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan. However, the other two derivatives, namely the deacylated and ring-opened deacylated bodies, showed little effect on an IL-1β-exposed human chondrosarcoma cell-line. These data suggest that the intactness of 2ccPA and ROB is essential for anti-inflammatory effects on OA. Collectively, this study provides evidence that 2ccPA and ROB would be novel therapeutic agents for OA.
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Research progress of targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral nerve injury and pain. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sapkota A, Choi JW. Oleanolic Acid Provides Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:55-63. [PMID: 34873072 PMCID: PMC8724842 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to exert protective effects against several neurological diseases through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of OA against acute and chronic brain injuries after ischemic stroke using a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, MCAO/reperfusion). OA administration immediately after reperfusion significantly attenuated acute brain injuries including brain infarction, functional neurological deficits, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, delayed administration of OA (at 3 h after reperfusion) attenuated brain infarction and improved functional neurological deficits during the acute phase. Such neuroprotective effects were associated with attenuation of microglial activation and lipid peroxidation in the injured brain after the tMCAO challenge. OA also attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in activated microglia during the acute phase. In addition, daily administration of OA for 7 days starting from either immediately after reperfusion or 1 day after reperfusion significantly improved functional neurological deficits and attenuated brain tissue loss up to 21 days after the tMCAO challenge; these findings supported therapeutic effects of OA against ischemic stroke-induced chronic brain injury. Together, these findings showed that OA exerted neuroprotective effects against both acute and chronic brain injuries after tMCAO challenge, suggesting that OA is a potential therapeutic agent to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Ghimire S, Subedi L, Acharya N, Gaire BP. Moringa oleifera: A Tree of Life as a Promising Medicinal Plant for Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14358-14371. [PMID: 34843254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, popularly known as a miracle tree or tree of life, has been extensively used as a functional food and nutritional asset worldwide. Ethnomedicinal and traditional uses of M. oleifera indicate that this plant might have a pleiotropic therapeutic efficacy against most human ailments. In fact, M. oleifera is reported to have several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antipyretic, antiulcer, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and cardiac stimulant properties. Recently, a few experimental studies reported the neuroprotective effects of M. oleifera against Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and neurotoxicity-related symptoms. In addition, several neuroprotective phytochemicals have been isolated from M. oleifera, which signifies that it can have promising neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the current updates and future prospective of neuroprotective efficacies of M. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Ghimire
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases (IMN), University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Namrata Acharya
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Lee CH, Choi JW. S1P/S1P 2 Signaling Axis Regulates Both NLRP3 Upregulation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages Primed with Lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111706. [PMID: 34829577 PMCID: PMC8614891 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a key factor for various inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide experimental evidence supporting the regulatory role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), along with the S1P receptor subtype involved and underlying regulatory mechanisms. During the priming stage, S1P induced NLRP3 upregulation in BMDMs only when primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this event, S1P2, but not S1P1, was involved based on the attenuated NLRP3 upregulation with JTE013 (S1P2 antagonist) or S1P2 knockdown. During the activation stage, S1P induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-primed BMDMs via caspase-1 activation, interleukin 1β maturation, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck formation, and IL-1β secretion. Such NLRP3 inflammasome activation was blocked by either pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of S1P2. NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and ERK1/2 were identified as effector pathways underlying S1P/S1P2 signaling in the regulation of NLRP3 upregulation in LPS-primed BMDMs. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was dependent on the S1P/S1P2 signaling axis in these cells, and the ROS generated regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but not NLRP3 priming. Collectively, our findings suggest that S1P promotes NLRP3 upregulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-primed BMDMs via S1P2 and subsequent effector pathways.
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Jin Y, Kim EN, Lim JH, Kim HD, Ban TH, Yang CW, Park CW, Choi BS. Role of Aberrantly Activated Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Signaling Mediated Inflammation in Renal Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102580. [PMID: 34685560 PMCID: PMC8534041 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing load of senescent cells is a source of aging, and chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in cellular senescence. In addition, senescent renal tubular epithelial cells are closely associated with renal aging. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mainly produced by the catalytic action of autotaxin (ATX), and its ligation to LPA receptor-1 (LPAR1) is associated with chronic inflammation and renal fibrosis; however, its role in renal aging is unclear. Male 2-, 12-, and 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice and Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiC) were used in the present study. DNA damage and oxidative stress-induced senescence were simulated using doxorubicin (DOXO) and H2O2, respectively. The aged kidney showed decreased renal function, increased fractional mesangial area, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Both aged kidney and senescent cells showed increased levels of LPAR1, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, LPAR1-knockdown reduced NF-κB and subsequent inflammatory cytokine induction, and NF-κB-knockdown resulted in decreased LPAR1 expression. Our study revealed a positive feedback loop between LPAR1 and NF-κB, which reinforces the role of inflammatory response, suggesting that blocking of aberrantly activated LPAR1 may reduce excessive inflammation, thereby providing a new possible therapeutic strategy to attenuate renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Jin
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lim
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
- The Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hyung Duk Kim
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Ban
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Eunpyeong, St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea
- The Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Transplant Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (E.N.K.); (J.H.L.); (H.D.K.); (T.H.B.); (C.W.Y.); (C.W.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Eunpyeong, St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 03312, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2505-2525. [PMID: 34460037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood-brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
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Critical Roles of Lysophospholipid Receptors in Activation of Neuroglia and Their Neuroinflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157864. [PMID: 34360625 PMCID: PMC8346064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes often releases proinflammatory molecules as critical pathogenic mediators that can promote neuroinflammation and secondary brain damages in diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling the activation of glial cells and their neuroinflammatory responses has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases. Recently, receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor- and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-mediated signaling in particular, has drawn scientific interest because of its critical roles in pathogenies of diverse neurological diseases such as neuropathic pain, systemic sclerosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, hypoxia, hydrocephalus, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Activation of microglia and/or astrocytes is a common pathogenic event shared by most of these CNS disorders, indicating that lysophospholipid receptors could influence glial activation. In fact, many studies have reported that several S1P and LPA receptors can influence glial activation during the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework about the roles of S1P and LPA receptors in the activation of microglia and/or astrocytes and their neuroinflammatory responses in CNS diseases.
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Xia Q, Tu Z, Sun J, Jing Q, Chen P, Zhao X. Propofol Mediated Protection of the Brain From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Regulation of Microglial Connexin 43. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637233. [PMID: 34169070 PMCID: PMC8217990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious condition that leads to increased apoptosis of microglial and neurons in the brain. In this study, we identified that Cx43 expression level is significantly increased in the microglial cells during I/R injury. Using an in vitro model (hypoxia/reoxygenation-H/R injury), we observed that H/R injury leads to an increase in activation of microglial cells and increase in levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, we could also observe significant increase in phosphorylation of Cx43 and Cav3.2 levels. To assess the role of H/R injured microglial cells on neuronal population, we cultured the neurons with conditioned media (MCS) from H/R injured microglial cells. Interestingly, we observed that microglial H/R injury significantly decreased Map2 expression and affected neuronal morphology. Further, we aimed to assess the effects of propofol on cerebral H/R injury, and observed that 40 μM propofol significantly decreased Cx43, Cx43 phosphorylation, and CaV3.2 levels. Additionally, propofol decreased apoptosis and increased Map2 expression levels in H/R injured neurons. Using silencing experiments, we confirmed that siCx43 could significantly improve the propofol's rescue after H/R injury in both microglia and neurons. We further developed an in vivo MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) rat model to understand the effect of propofol in I/R injury. Interestingly, propofol treatment and downregulation of Cx43 significantly decreased the infract volume and apoptosis in these MCAO rats. Thus, this study clearly establishes that propofol protects the brain against I/R injury through the downregulation of Cx43 in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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