1
|
Strzemski M, Adamec L, Dresler S, Mazurek B, Dubaj K, Stolarczyk P, Feldo M, Płachno BJ. Shoots and Turions of Aquatic Plants as a Source of Fatty Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2062. [PMID: 38731554 PMCID: PMC11085451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are essential for human health. Currently, there is a search for alternative sources of fatty acids that could supplement such sources as staple crops or fishes. Turions of aquatic plants accumulate a variety of substances such as starch, free sugars, amino acids, reserve proteins and lipids. Our aim is to see if turions can be a valuable source of fatty acids. METHODS Overwintering shoots and turions of aquatic carnivorous plants were collected. The plant material was extracted with hexane. The oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. RESULTS The dominant compound in all samples was linolenic acid. The oil content was different in turions and shoots. The oil content of the shoots was higher than that of the turions, but the proportion of fatty acids in the oils from the shoots was low in contrast to the oils from the turions. The turions of Utricularia species were shown to be composed of about 50% fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The turions of Utricularia species can be used to obtain oil with unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the high fatty acid content of turions may explain their ability to survive at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Lubomir Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic;
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Mazurek
- Analytical Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, 13A Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dubaj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Casimir Pulaski Radom University, 27 Boleslawa Chrobrego Str., 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rizzo R, Ragusa E, Benelli G, Lo Verde G, Zeni V, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Sinacori M, Tsolakis H. Lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:967-977. [PMID: 37822147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a polyphagous and damaging pest, presenting several resistant populations worldwide. Among new and more environmentally friendly control tools, botanical pesticides represent a valuable alternative to synthetic ones within integrated pest management strategies. Accordingly, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide isolated from Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) roots on T. urticae and its natural enemy, the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor). RESULTS Carlina oxide (98.7% pure compound) was used for acaricidal tests on eggs, nymphs, and adult females of T. urticae (concentrations of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ), and eggs and females of N. californicus (1250 and 5000 μL L-1 on eggs and females, respectively). Behavioral two-choice tests were also conducted on phytoseiid females. Carlina oxide toxicity was higher on T. urticae females than nymphs (median lethal dose 1145 and 1825 μL L-1 , respectively), whereas egg mortality and mean hatching time were significantly affected by all tested concentrations. A decreasing daily oviposition rate for T. urticae was recorded with concentrations ranging from 625 to 5000 μL L-1 , whereas negative effects on the population growth rate were recorded only with the three higher concentrations (1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ). No toxic effect on N. californicus females was found, but a strong repellent activity lasting for 48 h from application was recorded. CONCLUSION Carlina oxide reduced longevity and fecundity of T. urticae adults, but not of N. californicus. This selective property allows us to propose it as a novel active ingredient of ecofriendly acaricides for T. urticae management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rizzo
- CREA - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ragusa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lo Verde
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Milko Sinacori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Haralabos Tsolakis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sowa I, Mołdoch J, Dresler S, Kubrak T, Soluch A, Szczepanek D, Strzemski M, Paduch R, Wójciak M. Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity, and Protective Effect against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress of Carlina vulgaris Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:5422. [PMID: 37513294 PMCID: PMC10385139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carlina vulgaris is a little-understood plant with unexplored biological potential, and the papers regarding its chemical composition are scarce. In our study, for the first time, the phytochemical profile of the plant, focusing on polar metabolites, was established using modern chromatographic techniques including LC-HRMS-QTOF-CAD, UHPLC-PDA-MS. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the species is a rich source of polyphenolic components, with the most abundant being chlorogenic acid and C-glycosides of luteolin, including carlinoside, orientin, isoorientin, and C-glycosides of apigenin, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, and vitexin. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of the polyphenolic-rich fraction of C. vulgaris extracts on human skin fibroblasts using the MTT and NR assays. It was found that the extract was non-toxic and exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the cells subjected to induced oxidative stress. Additionally, it effectively protected the cells against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Our study contributes to the general trend of searching for new phytotherapeutics with potential applications in pharmacy and medicine. The results indicate that further exploration of C. vulgaris species is worthwhile, as they can serve as valuable plant material for cosmetic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Mołdoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agata Soluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094756. [PMID: 33946208 PMCID: PMC8124411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.
Collapse
|
5
|
Graczyk F, Strzemski M, Balcerek M, Kozłowska W, Mazurek B, Karakuła M, Sowa I, Ptaszyńska AA, Załuski D. Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC-PDA and HS-SPME/GC-MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071969. [PMID: 33807364 PMCID: PMC8036712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a new source of this important plant in Europe is needed. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The content of polyphenols (eleutherosides B, E, E1) and phenolic acids in the different parts of the fruits, as well as tocopherols, fatty acids in the oil, and volatile constituents were studied by the means of chromatographic techniques [HPLC with Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS)]. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available on the content of eleutherosides and phenolic acids in the pericarp and seeds. The highest sum of eleutheroside B and E was detected in the whole fruits (1.4 mg/g), next in the pericarp (1.23 mg/g) and the seeds (0.85 mg/g). Amongst chlorogenic acid derivatives (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), 3-CQA was predominant in the whole fruits (1.08 mg/g), next in the pericarp (0.66 mg/g), and the seeds (0.076 mg/g). The oil was rich in linoleic acid (C18:3 (n-3), 18.24%), ursolic acid (35.72 mg/g), and α-tocopherol (8.36 mg/g). The presence of druses and yellow oil droplets in the inner zone of the mesocarp and chromoplasts in the outer zone can be used as anatomical markers. These studies provide a phytochemical proof for accumulation of polyphenols mainly in the pericarp, and these structures may be taken into consideration as their source subjected to extraction to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Graczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-795672587
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Maciej Balcerek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weronika Kozłowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mazurek
- Analytical Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Michał Karakuła
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|