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Labetoulle M, Garhöfer G, Ismail D, Garrigue JS, Amrane M, Guillon M, Aragona P, Baudouin C. Review of clinical outcomes of a cationic emulsion tear substitute in patients with dry eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38294079 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
First-line options for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) rely on artificial tears (ATs), among which cationic emulsion (CE)-based ATs have been developed in order to mimic the healthy tear film for an improved restoration of the ocular surface homeostasis. In this review, we describe the outcomes reported in several studies, assessing the mode of action, ocular tolerance and clinical performance of a CE-based AT. Pilot studies have revealed that CE-based ATs can increase the volume and stability of the tear film while limiting its evaporation rate. Larger studies have demonstrated that CE-based ATs play a significant role in the improvement of both objective and subjective DED parameters, including superior efficacy on DED symptoms compared to several other available AT formulation types. Concomitantly, CE-based ATs have been shown to help patients to prevent or recover from corneal defects associated with refractive surgery. These positive outcomes on ocular surface epithelia are likely due to the combination of unique rheological behaviour and intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties. Based on all clinical findings, CE-based ATs represent a valuable treatment option for patients with various etiologies of DED including evaporative forms and would deserve evaluation of benefits in other surgical intervention types triggering DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology, South Paris University Hospital-APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- IDMIT Infrastructure, Inserm, Cedex, France
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Pasquale Aragona
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
- University Paris Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Paris, France
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2
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Saija MC, Vazdar K, Pajerski W, Olżyńska A, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Cwiklik L. Comparative Study of Latanoprost Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma Treatment and Their Interaction with the Tear Film Lipid Layer Models. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:126-136. [PMID: 38110329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the interaction of two approved and one newly developed latanoprost formulation with in vitro and in silico models of the tear film and tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analogue used for intraocular elevated pressure treatment, is topically delivered by nanocarriers within aqueous solutions or emulsions. The study focuses on the impact of these carriers on drug interactions with the tear film and their effect on the TFLL. Three different types of latanoprost carriers, micellar, nanoemulsion, and polymer-based, were compared, and each revealed distinct interaction patterns with the TFLL. Surface pressure kinetics demonstrated a rapid increase for the benzalkonium chloride formulation and a slow rise for the preservative-free variants. Visualization of the acellular in vitro TFLL model revealed different patterns of incorporation for each formulation, indicating unique interaction mechanisms. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed different mechanisms of drug release in the TFLL between micellar and nanoemulsion formulations. In-depth examination highlighted the role of triglyceride molecules in replenishing the nonpolar layer of the TFLL, which suggests potential improvements in ocular surface compatibility by adjusting the quality and concentration of the oily phase. These findings suggest the potential for optimizing latanoprost formulations by tuning the oily phase-to-surfactant ratio and selecting suitable surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Saija
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Vazdar
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wojciech Pajerski
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Daull
- SANTEN SAS, Novagali Innovation Center, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, Bâtiment Genavenir IV, Evry Cedex F-91458, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Garrigue
- SANTEN SAS, Novagali Innovation Center, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, Bâtiment Genavenir IV, Evry Cedex F-91458, France
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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Riedlová K, Saija MC, Olżyńska A, Vazdar K, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Cwiklik L. Latanoprost incorporates in the tear film lipid layer: An experimental and computational model study. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123367. [PMID: 37666309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with elevated intraocular pressure being a major risk factor for its development and progression. First-line treatment for glaucoma relies on the administration of prostaglandin analogs, with latanoprost being the most widely used. However, before latanoprost reaches the cornea, it must pass through the tear film and tear film lipid layer (TFLL) on the ocular surface. Given the significant lipophilicity of latanoprost, we hypothesize that TFLL could, to a certain extent, act as a reservoir for latanoprost, releasing it on longer time scales, apart from the fraction being directly delivered to the cornea in a post-instillation mechanism. We investigated this possibility by studying latanoprost behavior in acellular in vitro TFLL models. Furthermore, we employed in silico molecular dynamics simulations to rationalize the experimental results and obtain molecular-level insight into the latanoprost-TFLL interactions. Our experiments demonstrated that latanoprost indeed accumulates in the TFLL models, and our simulations explain the basis of the accumulation mechanism. These results support the hypothesis that TFLL can serve as a reservoir for latanoprost, facilitating its prolonged release. This finding could have significant implications for optimizing glaucoma treatment, especially in the development of new drug delivery systems targeting the TFLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Riedlová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Chiara Saija
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarina Vazdar
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Daull
- SANTEN SAS, Novagali Innovation Center, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, Bâtiment Genavenir IV, CEDEX F-91458 Evry, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Garrigue
- SANTEN SAS, Novagali Innovation Center, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, Bâtiment Genavenir IV, CEDEX F-91458 Evry, France
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Influence of BAKs on Tear Film Lipid Layer: in vitro and in silico models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:65-73. [PMID: 36933811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) compounds are commonly used in topical ophthalmic products as preservatives and stabilizers. BAK mixtures containing several compounds with different alkyl chain lengths are typically used. However, in chronic eye conditions, such as dry eye disease and glaucoma, the accumulation of adverse effects of BAKs was observed. Hence, preservative-free eye drops formulations are preferred. On the other hand, selected long-chain BAKs, particularly cetalkonium chloride, exhibit therapeutic functions, promoting epithelium wound healing and tear film stability. Nevertheless, the mechanism of BAKs influence on the tear film is not fully understood. By employing in vitro experimental and in silico simulation techniques, we elucidate the action of BAKs and demonstrate that long-chain BAKs accumulate in the lipid layer of the tear film model, stabilizing it in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, short-chain BAKs interacting with the lipid layer compromise the tear film model stability. These findings are relevant for topical ophthalmic drug formulation and delivery in the context of selecting proper BAK species and understanding the dose dependency for tear film stability.
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Yasuda S, Sumioka T, Miyajima M, Iwanishi H, Morii T, Mochizuki N, Reinach PS, Kao WWY, Okada Y, Liu CY, Saika S. Anomaly of cornea and ocular adnexa in spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) knockout mice. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:111-127. [PMID: 35988880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinster 2 (Spns2) is a transporter that pumps sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized in the cytoplasm, out of cells into the inter cellular space. S1P is a signal that modulates cellular behavior during embryonic development, inflammation and tissue repair, etc. A Spns2-null (KO) mouse is born with failure of eyelid closure (eyelid-open-at birth; EOB) and develop corneal fibrosis in adulthood. It remains elusive whether corneal lesion is caused by exposure to keratitis (lagophthalmos) of EOB phenotype or the loss of Spns2 directly perturbs the corneal tissue morphogenesis and intra-eyelid structures. Therefore, we investigated differences between the cornea and ocular adnexa morphogenesis in KO and wild-type (WT) embryos and adults as well. The loss of Spns2 perturbs cornea morphogenesis during embryonic development as early as E16.5 besides EOB phenotype. Histology showed that the corneal stroma was thinner with less extracellular matrix accumulation, e.g., collagen and keratocan in the KO mouse. Epithelial stratification, expression of keratin 12 and formation of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes were also perturbed in these KO corneas. Lacking Spns2 impaired morphogenesis of the Meibomian glands and of orbicularis oculi muscles. KO glands were labeled for ELOVL4 and PPARγ and were Oil-Red O-positive, suggesting KO acinar cells possessed functionality as the glands. This is the first report on the roles of Spns2 in corneal and Meibomian gland morphogenesis. Corneal tissue destruction in an adult KO mouse might be due to not only lagophthalmos but also to an impaired morphogenesis of cornea, Meibomian glands, and orbicularis oculi muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan; Indiana University School of Optometry, USA.
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Winston W Y Kao
- Crawley Vision Research Center & Ophthalmic Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati, USA
| | - Yuka Okada
- Deaprtment of Ophthalmology, Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Song Y, Yu S, He X, Yang L, Wu Y, Qin G, Zhang Q, Deep Singh Talwar G, Xu L, Moore JE, He W, Pazo EE. Tear film interferometry assessment after intense pulsed light in dry eye disease: A randomized, single masked, sham-controlled study. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101499. [PMID: 34433517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate meibomian glands (MGs) secretion can lead to dry eye signs and symptoms. Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) secreted by MGs protects and prevents rapid evaporation of tear film. The purpose was to assess TFLL alteration and function in patients with evaporative dry eye (EDE) using tear interferometry after optimal pulse light technology (OPT) intense pulsed light (IPL). METHODS This prospective randomized examiner-masked sham- controlled study included 86 participants (142 eyes) with DED. IPL or sham procedure was performed on day 0, 21, and 42. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), interferometric fringe pattern determined TFLL quality, fluorescein staining (FS), and meibum gland (MG) were assessed at day 0, 21, 42 and 3-month. RESULTS At 3-month, TFLL, NITBUT, MG drop-out, MG quality, MG expressibility, FS and OSDI improved significantly (P < 0.05) in the IPL group, while the sham group had no significant improvements. Except for Meibo-score and FS, all parameters significantly correlated with the improvement in TFLL following IPL treatment. Additionally, artificial tears usage was significantly less in the IPL group from D-42 onwards. CONCLUSION IPL treatment demonstrated the ability to improve TFLL quality and clinically reduced sign and symptoms of DED thereby reducing the frequency of artificial tears use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sile Yu
- He University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Lanting Yang
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wu
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guanghao Qin
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Ling Xu
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China
| | - Jonathan E Moore
- Cathedral Eye Clinic, 89-91 Academy Street, Belfast, United Kingdom; Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Wei He
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; He University, Shenyang, China
| | - Emmanuel Eric Pazo
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, No.128 North Huanghe Street, Shenyang, China; He University, Shenyang, China
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