1
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Nopp S, Königsbrügge O, Schmaldienst S, Säemann M, Pabinger I, Nossent AY, Ay C. Transfer RNAs are Linked to Ischemic Stroke and Major Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Thromb Haemost 2024. [PMID: 39260398 DOI: 10.1055/a-2413-2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at very high risk for thromboembolism and bleeding. This study aimed to identify small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), specifically microRNAs and transfer-RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tRFs), as potential novel biomarkers for predicting thromboembolism and bleeding in this high-risk population. METHODS In this sncRNA discovery research, we leveraged the VIVALDI cohort, consisting of 625 ESKD patients on hemodialysis, to conduct two nested case-control studies, each comprising 18 participants. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke in the first study and major bleeding in the second. Plasma samples were processed using the miND pipeline for RNA-seq analysis to investigate differential expression of microRNAs and tRNA/tRFs between cases and their respective matched controls, with results stringently adjusted for the false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS No significant differential expression of microRNAs for either ischemic stroke or major bleeding outcomes was observed in the two nested case-control studies. However, we identified four tRNAs significantly differentially expressed in ischemic stroke cases and seven in major bleeding cases, compared with controls (FDR < 0.1). Coverage plots indicated that specific tRNA fragments (tRFs), rather than full-length tRNAs, were detected, however. Alternative mapping approaches revealed challenges and technical limitations that precluded in-depth differential expression analyses on these specific tRFs. Yet, they also underscored the potential of tRNAs and tRFs as markers for thromboembolism and bleeding. CONCLUSION While microRNAs did not show significant differential expression, our study identifies specific tRNAs/tRFs as potential novel biomarkers for ischemic stroke and major bleeding in ESKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Nopp
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Königsbrügge
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marcus Säemann
- Department of Medicine VI, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Yaël Nossent
- Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cihan Ay
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Yuan J, Song Z, Liu J, Rahman KU, Zhou Q, Liu G, Deng Y, Wen H, Fan X, Fang N, Zhou Z, Song Q, Zhang G, Li P, Song Y. Transfer RNAs and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cerebrovascular diseases. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114971. [PMID: 39326819 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the important functions of transfer RNA and - transfer RNA derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in cerebrovascular disorders. It discusses the biogenesis and structure of tsRNAs, including types such as tRNA halves and tRNA-derived fragments, and their functional significance in gene regulation, stress response, and cell signaling pathways. The importance of tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases has already been highlighted, while their role in cerebrovascular diseases is in early phase of exploration. This paper presents the latest advancements in the field of tsRNAs in cerebrovascular conditions, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease. Furthermore, revealing the aptitude of tsRNAs as biomarkers for the prediction of cerebrovascular diseases and as targets for therapeutic intervention. It provides insights into the role of tsRNAs in these conditions and proposes directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zibin Song
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Khalil Ur Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qixiong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yifeng Deng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haotian Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaonan Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Nanqi Fang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhou
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Diseases, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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3
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Lv X, Zhang R, Li S, Jin X. tRNA Modifications and Dysregulation: Implications for Brain Diseases. Brain Sci 2024; 14:633. [PMID: 39061374 PMCID: PMC11274612 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well-known for their essential function in protein synthesis. Recent research has revealed a diverse range of chemical modifications that tRNAs undergo, which are crucial for various cellular processes. These modifications are necessary for the precise and efficient translation of proteins and also play important roles in gene expression regulation and cellular stress response. This review examines the role of tRNA modifications and dysregulation in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases, including epilepsy, stroke, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research, our study aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between tRNA dysregulation and brain diseases. This underscores the critical need for ongoing exploration in this field and provides valuable insights that could facilitate the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals grappling with complex neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Ruorui Zhang
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
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4
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Ng N, Gibriel HAY, Halang L, Jirström E, Ioana JA, Burke M, Byrne MM, Prehn JHM. tRNA-derived fragments are altered in diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15258. [PMID: 37935454 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a rare form of adult-onset diabetes that can be difficult to diagnose due to its variable clinical phenotype. Transfer RNA-derived small fragments are a novel, emerging class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that have significant potential as serum biomarkers due to their stress-induced generation, abundance, stability and ease of detection. METHODS We investigated the levels of tiRNA 5'ValCAC (alone and in combination with miR-23b-3p) identified from small RNA sequencing studies in serum samples from healthy controls, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and MIDD subjects. RESULTS Serum levels of 5'ValCAC were reduced in MIDD and type 2 diabetes subjects compared to controls. Type 2 diabetes subjects had higher serum levels of miR-23b-3p compared to all other subjects. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed the potential of 5'ValCAC and miR-23b-3p as MIDD biomarkers, with the combination showing excellent separation from type 2 diabetes subjects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing altered serum levels of tiRNAs in diabetes subjects. The combined use of 5'ValCAC and miR-23b-3p as serum biomarkers could potentially differentiate between MIDD subjects and type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ng
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - H A Y Gibriel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Halang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - E Jirström
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J A Ioana
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - M Burke
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - M M Byrne
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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5
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Florijn BW, Leontien van der Bent M, Nguyen TMT, Quax PHA, Wermer MJH, Yaël Nossent A, Kruyt ND. Non-coding RNAs versus protein biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate acute stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107388. [PMID: 37778160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke diagnosis is dependent on lengthy clinical and neuroimaging assessments, while rapid treatment initiation improves clinical outcome. Currently, more sensitive biomarker assays of both non-coding RNA- and protein biomarkers have improved their detectability, which could accelerate stroke diagnosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares non-coding RNA- with protein biomarkers for their potential to diagnose and differentiate acute stroke (subtypes) in (pre-)hospital settings. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating diagnostic performance of non-coding RNA- and protein biomarkers to differentiate acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, stroke mimics, and (healthy) controls. Quality appraisal of individual studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool while the meta-analysis was performed with the sROC approach and by assessing pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratios, positive- and negative likelihood ratios, and the Youden Index. SUMMARY OF REVIEW 112 studies were included in the systematic review and 42 studies in the meta-analysis containing 11627 patients with ischemic strokes, 2110 patients with hemorrhagic strokes, 1393 patients with a stroke mimic, and 5548 healthy controls. Proteins (IL-6 and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)) and microRNAs (miR-30a) have similar performance in ischemic stroke diagnosis. To differentiate between ischemic- or hemorrhagic strokes, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and autoantibodies to the NR2 peptide (NR2aAb, a cleavage product of NMDA neuroreceptors) were best performing whereas no investigated protein or non-coding RNA biomarkers differentiated stroke from stroke mimics with high diagnostic potential. CONCLUSIONS Despite sampling time differences, circulating microRNAs (< 24 h) and proteins (< 4,5 h) perform equally well in ischemic stroke diagnosis. GFAP differentiates stroke subtypes, while a biomarker panel of GFAP and UCH-L1 improved the sensitivity and specificity of UCH-L1 alone to differentiate stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend W Florijn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | - M Leontien van der Bent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Truc My T Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Nyika D Kruyt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology Institution, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden/The Hague, Zuid Holland, The Netherlands
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6
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Ju HY, Tang SS, Li BJ, Luo X, Li Q. The expression levels of circulating miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b as diagnostic biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:927-935. [PMID: 37338050 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma miRNAs can characterize several diseases, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which is noninvasive and currently affordable in most laboratories worldwide. We aimed to demonstrate plasma miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b as diagnostic biomarkers in AIS.GSE110993 and GSE86291 datasets were analyzed to obtain plasma differentially expressed miRNAs between AIS and healthy control subjects (HCs). We further applied RT-qPCR for the validation in 85 AIS patients and 85 HCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted to evaluate their diagnostic utility in AIS. Correlation was analyzed between DEmiRNAs and clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as inflammatory markers. The plasma levels of miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b were found to be consistently altered in both GSE110993 and GSE86291 datasets. In comparison to HCs, AIS patients at admission exhibited lower levels of miR-140-3p and miR-320b and higher level of miR-130a-3p in their plasma. The ROC analysis revealed that plasma miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b had area under the curve values of 0.790, 0.831, and 0.907, respectively. When combined, these miRNAs showed superior discriminatory power with a sensitivity of 91.76% and specificity of 95.29%. Plasma miR-140-3p and miR-320b negatively correlated glucose levels and inflammatory markers (IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF) in AIS patients. Conversely, plasma miR-130a-3p levels were positively associated with glucose levels and these markers. Plasma miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b levels varied significantly among AIS patients with different NIHSS scores. Plasma miR-140-3p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-320b had high diagnostic value in AIS patients, which were correlated with inflammation and severity in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Ju
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bang-Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People' s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Geisler F, Haacke L, Lorenz M, Schwabauer E, Wendt M, Bernhardt L, Dashti E, Freitag E, Kunz A, Hofmann-Shen C, Zuber M, Waldschmidt C, Kandil FI, Kappert K, Dang-Heine C, Lorenz-Meyer I, Audebert HJ, Weber JE. Prospective collection of blood plasma samples to identify potential biomarkers for the prehospital stroke diagnosis (ProGrEss-Bio): study protocol for a multicenter prospective observational study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1201130. [PMID: 37483444 PMCID: PMC10359480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are well-established, evidence-based, time-critical therapies that reduce morbidity and mortality in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The exclusion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is mandatory and has been performed by cerebral imaging to date. Mobile stroke units (MSUs) have been shown to improve functional outcomes by bringing cerebral imaging and IVT directly to the patient, but they have limited coverage. Blood biomarkers clearly distinguishing between AIS, ICH, and stroke mimics (SM) could provide an alternative to cerebral imaging if concentration changes are detectable in the hyperacute phase after stroke with high diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we will take blood samples in a prehospital setting to evaluate potential biomarkers. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/de) with the identifier DRKS00023063. Methods and analysis We plan a prospective, observational study involving 300 patients with suspected stroke and symptom onset of ≤4.5 h before the collection of biomarkers. Study participants will be recruited from three sites in Berlin, Germany during MSU deployments. The focus of the study is the collection of blood samples from participants at the prehospital scene and from participants with AIS or ICH at a second-time point. All samples will be analyzed using targeted and untargeted analytical approaches. Study-related information about participants, including medical information and discharge diagnoses from the subsequent treating hospital, will be collected and documented in an electronic case report form (eCRF). Discussion This study will evaluate whether a single blood biomarker or a combination of biomarkers can distinguish patients with AIS and ICH from patients with stroke and SM in the early phase after symptom onset in the prehospital setting. In addition, the kinetics of blood biomarkers in AIS and ICH patients will be investigated. Our goal is to evaluate new ways to reliably diagnose stroke in the prehospital setting and thus accelerate the application of evidence-based therapies to stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Geisler
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Haacke
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Lorenz
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Schwabauer
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Wendt
- Department of Neurology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Bernhardt
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eman Dashti
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Freitag
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Kunz
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Hofmann-Shen
- Kliniken Beelitz, Teaching Hospital of Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Martina Zuber
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Farid I. Kandil
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang-Heine
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lorenz-Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich J. Audebert
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim E. Weber
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Mehta V, Mannan A. Biomarkers: Role and Scope in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2029-2058. [PMID: 36795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders pose a great threat to social health and are a major cause for mortality and morbidity. Effective drug development complemented with the improved drug therapy has made considerable progress towards easing symptoms associated with neurological illnesses, yet poor diagnosis and imprecise understanding of these disorders has led to imperfect treatment options. The scenario is complicated by the inability to extrapolate results of cell culture studies and transgenic models to clinical applications which has stagnated the process of improving drug therapy. In this context, the development of biomarkers has been viewed as beneficial to easing various pathological complications. A biomarker is measured and evaluated in order to gauge the physiological process or a pathological progression of a disease and such a marker can also indicate the clinical or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. The development and identification of biomarkers for neurological disorders involves several issues including the complexity of the brain, unresolved discrepant data from experimental and clinical studies, poor clinical diagnostics, lack of functional endpoints, and high cost and complexity of techniques yet research in the area of biomarkers is highly desired. The present work describes existing biomarkers for various neurological disorders, provides support for the idea that biomarker development may ease our understanding underlying pathophysiology of these disorders and help to design and explore therapeutic targets for effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India.,Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
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9
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Mathew BA, Katta M, Ludhiadch A, Singh P, Munshi A. Role of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Neurological Disorders: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:655-671. [PMID: 36348262 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
tRFs are small tRNA derived fragments that are emerging as novel therapeutic targets and regulatory molecules in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. These are derived from precursor or mature tRNA, forming different subtypes that have been reported to be involved in neurological disorders like stroke, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, Parkinson's, MELAS, autism, and Huntington's disorder. tRFs were earlier believed to be random degradation debris of tRNAs. The significant variation in the expression level of tRFs in disease conditions indicates their salient role as key players in regulation of these disorders. Various animal studies are being carried out to decipher their exact role; however, more inputs are required to transform this research knowledge into clinical application. Future investigations also call for high-throughput technologies that could help to bring out the other hidden aspects of these entities. However, studies on tRFs require further research efforts to overcome the challenges posed in quantifying tRFs, their interactions with other molecules, and the exact mechanism of function. In this review, we are abridging the current understanding of tRFs, including their biogenesis, function, relevance in clinical therapies, and potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of these neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy Aksa Mathew
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India, 151401
| | - Madhumitha Katta
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India, 151401
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India, 151401
| | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151001
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India, 151401.
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10
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Circulating MicroRNA Profiling Identifies Distinct MicroRNA Signatures in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010108. [PMID: 36613546 PMCID: PMC9820644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) refers to a momentary neurologic deficit caused by focal cerebral, spinal or retinal ischemic insult. TIA is associated with a high risk of impending acute ischemic stroke (AIS), a neurologic dysfunction characterized by focal cerebral, spinal or retinal infarction. Understanding the differences in molecular pathways in AIS and TIA has merit for deciphering the underlying cause for neuronal deficits with long-term effects and high risks of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we performed comprehensive investigations into the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles of AIS (n = 191) and TIA (n = 61) patients. We performed RNA-Seq on serum samples collected within 24 hrs of clinical diagnosis and randomly divided the study populations into discovery and validation cohorts. We identified a panel of 11 differentially regulated miRNAs at FDR < 0.05. Hsa-miR-548c-5p, -20a-5p, -18a-5p, -484, -652-3p, -486-3p, -24-3p, -181a-5p and -222-3p were upregulated, while hsa-miR-500a-3p and -206 were downregulated in AIS patients compared to TIA patients. We also probed the previously validated gene targets of our identified miRNA panel to highlight the molecular pathways affected in AIS. Moreover, we developed a multivariate classifier with potential utilization as a discriminative biomarker for AIS and TIA patients. The underlying molecular pathways in AIS compared to TIA may be explored further in functional studies for therapeutic targeting in clinical translation.
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Novel targets, treatments, and advanced models for intracerebral haemorrhage. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103880. [PMID: 35158309 PMCID: PMC8850756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Despite advances in surgical interventions and acute ICH management, there is currently no effective therapy to improve functional outcomes in patients. Recently, there has been tremendous progress uncovering new pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICH that may pave the way for the development of therapeutic interventions. Here, we highlight emerging targets, but also existing gaps in preclinical animal modelling that prevent their exploitation. We particularly focus on (1) ICH aetiology, (2) the haematoma, (3) inflammation, and (4) post-ICH pathology. It is important to recognize that beyond neurons and the brain, other cell types and organs are crucially involved in ICH pathophysiology and successful interventions likely will need to address the entire organism. This review will spur the development of successful therapeutic interventions for ICH and advanced animal models that better reflect its aetiology and pathophysiology.
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Chen J, Zhao H, Huang Y, Li Y, Fan J, Wang R, Han Z, Yang Z, Wu L, Wu D, Luo Y, Ji X. Dysregulation of Principal Circulating miRNAs in Non-human Primates Following Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:738576. [PMID: 34539341 PMCID: PMC8441133 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.738576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent interest in plasma microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke patients, there is limited knowledge about the miRNAs directly related to stroke itself due to the multiple complications in patients, which has hindered the research progress of biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke. Therefore, in this study, we compared the differentially expressed miRNA profiles in the plasma of three rhesus monkeys pre- and post-cerebral ischemia. After cerebral ischemia, Rfam sequence category revealed increased ribosomic RNA (rRNA) and decreased transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in plasma. Of the 2049 miRNAs detected after cerebral ischemia, 36 were upregulated, and 76 were downregulated (fold change ≥2.0, P < 0.05). For example, mml-miR-191-5p, miR-421, miR-409-5p, and let-7g-5p were found to be significantly overexpressed, whereas mml-miR-128a-5p_R − 2, miR-431_R − 1, and let-7g-3p_1ss22CT were significantly downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these differentially expressed miRNAs were implicated in the regulation of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and signaling pathways in cancer, glioma, chronic myeloid leukemia, and chemokine signaling. miRNA clustering analysis showed that mml-let-7g-5p and let-7g-3p_1ss22CT, which share three target genes [RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1), G-protein subunit γ 5 (GNG5), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4)], belong to one cluster, were altered in opposite directions following ischemia. These data suggest that circulating mml-let-7g may serve as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Yang C, Wang X, Xiang Y. Blood-Based Biomarkers: A Forgotten Friend of Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:634717. [PMID: 34168606 PMCID: PMC8217611 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques that have significantly facilitated the diagnosis of hyperacute IS are not widely used in underdeveloped areas and community hospitals owing to drawbacks such as high cost and lack of trained operators. Moreover, these methods do not have sufficient resolution to detect changes in the brain at the cellular and molecular levels after IS onset. In contrast, blood-based biomarkers can reflect molecular and biochemical alterations in both normal and pathophysiologic processes including angiogenesis, metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, thrombosis, glial activation, and neuronal and vascular injury, and can thus provide information complementary to findings from routine examinations and neuroimaging that is useful for diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on blood-based biomarkers of hyperacute IS including those associated with neuronal injury, glial activation, inflammation and oxidative stress, vascular injury and angiogenesis, coagulation and thrombosis, and metabolism as well as genetic and genomic biomarkers. Meanwhile, the blood sampling time of the biomarkers which are cited and summarized in the review is within 6 h after the onset of IS. Additionally, we also discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of blood-based biomarkers in stroke patients, and future directions for their clinical application and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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