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Forte N, Marfella B, Nicois A, Palomba L, Paris D, Motta A, Pina Mollica M, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. The short-chain fatty acid acetate modulates orexin/hypocretin neurons: A novel mechanism in gut-brain axis regulation of energy homeostasis and feeding. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116383. [PMID: 38908530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate, the major products of intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fibres, are involved in fine-tuning brain functions via the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of SCFAs in the hypothalamic neuronal network regulating several autonomic-brain functions are still unknown. Using NMR spectroscopy, we detected a reduction in brain acetate concentrations in the hypothalamus of obese leptin knockout ob/ob mice compared to lean wild-type littermates. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acetate on orexin (Hcrt) neurons, a subset of hypothalamic neurons regulating energy homeostasis, that we have characterized in previous studies to be over-activated by the lack of leptin and enhancement of endocannabinoid tone in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice. Here, we found that acetate reduces food-intake in concomitance with a reduction of orexin neuronal activity in ob/ob mice. This was demonstrated by evaluating food-intake behaviour and orexin-A/c-FOS immunoreactivity coupled with patch-clamp recordings in Hcrt-eGFP neurons, quantification of prepro-orexin mRNA, and immunolabeling of GPR-43, the main acetate receptor. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms of the effects of chronic dietary supplementation with acetate, or complex carbohydrates, on energy intake and body weight, which may be partly mediated by inhibition of orexinergic neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Brenda Marfella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nicois
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Letizia Palomba
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Kim NH, Choi HS, Lee MY, Seong H, Han NS, Hu HJ, Kim YS, Park JH. The Effects of Fermented Rice Drink With Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 in Overweight Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 30:194-207. [PMID: 38576369 PMCID: PMC10999840 DOI: 10.5056/jnm23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of a fermented rice drink with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum JSA22 on symptoms, blood tests, microbiomes, and fecal metabolites in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who were overweight. Methods Sixty overweight (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2) patients aged between 20 and 65 with IBS were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups and administered either a fermented rice drink or an nonfermented rice drink for a month. The symptom questionnaire, blood samples, and stool samples for microbiome and metabolite were collected before and after the month of rice drink administration. The primary efficacy variable was the subject's global assessment of IBS symptoms. Results In both groups, global IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, bowel habit, urgency, and abdominal distension, improved significantly (P < 0.01). The abdominal bloating was more significantly improved in the fermented rice drink group than in the nonfermented rice drink group (P < 0.05). Significant changes were not observed in metabolic syndrome-related blood tests or fecal metabolites in either group. However, microbiome analysis showed significant differences in genus levels before and after consuming fermented rice drink, such as in Blautia in stool (P = 0.020) and Prevotella (P = 0.017) and Oribacterium (P = 0.018) in saliva. Conclusions The fermented rice drink with L. plantarum JSA22 showed a beneficial effect in reducing abdominal distension in IBS patients. Bacteria that reduce visceral fat accumulation increased in the stool and saliva of patients who consumed fermented rice drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Moon Young Lee
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyunbin Seong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Endomics, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- Gut & Food Healthcare Co, Ltd, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Calabrese FM, Celano G, Riezzo G, D’Attoma B, Ignazzi A, Di Chito M, Sila A, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Linsalata M, Vacca M, Apa CA, De Angelis M, Giannelli G, De Pergola G, Russo F. Metabolomic Profiling of Obese Patients with Altered Intestinal Permeability Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:5026. [PMID: 38140285 PMCID: PMC10745951 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy intestinal permeability facilitates the selective transport of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, involving cellular, neural, hormonal, and immune factors. An altered intestinal permeability indicates pathologic phenotypes and is associated with the exacerbation of obesity and related comorbidities. To investigate the impact of altered permeability in obese patients undergoing a calorie-restrictive dietary regimen (VLCKD), we collected urinary and fecal samples from obese patients with both normal and altered permeability (determined based on the lactulose/mannitol ratio) before and after treatment. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) aids in understanding the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota in this unique ecological niche. Furthermore, we examined clinical and anthropometric variables from the cohort and compared them to significant VOC panels. Consequently, we identified specific markers in the metabolomics data that differentiated between normal and altered profiles before and after the diet. These markers indicated how the variable contribution specifically accounted for interleukins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The targeted metabolomics experiment detected no differences in measured short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). In summary, our study evaluated metabolomic markers capable of distinguishing low-grade inflammation conditions, exacerbated in more advanced stages of obesity with altered intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Riezzo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Benedetta D’Attoma
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonia Ignazzi
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Michele Linsalata
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Carmen Aurora Apa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (M.V.); (C.A.A.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.D.C.); (A.S.); (S.D.N.); (R.R.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (G.R.); (B.D.); (A.I.); (M.L.)
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Aminu S, Ascandari A, Laamarti M, Safdi NEH, El Allali A, Daoud R. Exploring microbial worlds: a review of whole genome sequencing and its application in characterizing the microbial communities. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-25. [PMID: 38006569 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2282447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The classical microbiology techniques have inherent limitations in unraveling the complexity of microbial communities, necessitating the pivotal role of sequencing in studying the diversity of microbial communities. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) enables researchers to uncover the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community, providing valuable insights into the microbiome. Herein, we present an overview of the rapid advancements achieved thus far in the use of WGS in microbiome research. There was an upsurge in publications, particularly in 2021 and 2022 with the United States, China, and India leading the metagenomics research landscape. The Illumina platform has emerged as the widely adopted sequencing technology, whereas a significant focus of metagenomics has been on understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and human health where distinct bacterial species have been linked to various diseases. Additionally, studies have explored the impact of human activities on microbial communities, including the potential spread of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes in different ecosystems. Furthermore, WGS is used in investigating the microbiome of various animal species and plant tissues such as the rhizosphere microbiome. Overall, this review reflects the importance of WGS in metagenomics studies and underscores its remarkable power in illuminating the variety and intricacy of the microbiome in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - AbdulAziz Ascandari
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Meriem Laamarti
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Nour El Houda Safdi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Achraf El Allali
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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5
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Zhuang Z, Zhou P, Wang J, Lu X, Chen Y. The Characteristics, Mechanisms and Therapeutics: Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3691-3705. [PMID: 38028999 PMCID: PMC10674108 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s432344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, obesity has emerged as a significant global public health concern due to its escalating prevalence and incidence rates. The gut microbiota, being a crucial environmental factor, has emerged as a key player in the etiology of obesity. Nevertheless, the intricate and specific interactions between obesity and gut microbiota, along with the underlying mechanisms, remain incompletely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the gut microbiota characteristics in obesity, the mechanisms by which it induces obesity, and explores targeted therapies centered on gut microbiota restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yigang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wuxi Clinical College, Nantong University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Kamal FD, Dagar M, Reza T, Karim Mandokhail A, Bakht D, Shahzad MW, Silloca-Cabana EO, Mohsin SN, Chilla SP, Bokhari SFH. Beyond Diet and Exercise: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Control of Obesity. Cureus 2023; 15:e49339. [PMID: 38143595 PMCID: PMC10748854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a widespread health concern characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat, is a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and social determinants. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of gut microbiota in obesity, highlighting its pivotal involvement in various metabolic processes. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, interacts with the host in a myriad of ways, impacting energy metabolism, appetite regulation, inflammation, and the gut-brain axis. Dietary choices significantly shape the gut microbiota, with diets high in fat and carbohydrates promoting the growth of harmful bacteria while reducing beneficial microbes. Lifestyle factors, like physical activity and smoking, also influence gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics and medications can disrupt microbial diversity, potentially contributing to obesity. Early-life experiences, including maternal obesity during pregnancy, play a vital role in the developmental origins of obesity. Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota, including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, bacterial consortium therapy, and precision nutrition, offer promising avenues for reshaping the gut microbiota and positively influencing weight regulation and metabolic health. Clinical applications of microbiota-based therapies are on the horizon, with potential implications for personalized treatments and condition-based interventions. Emerging technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics, empower researchers to identify specific target species for microbiota-based therapeutics, opening new possibilities in healthcare. Despite the promising outlook, microbiota-based therapies face challenges related to microbial selection, safety, and regulatory issues. However, with ongoing research and advances in the field, these challenges can be addressed to unlock the full potential of microbiota-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehak Dagar
- Internal Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Taufiqa Reza
- Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Youngstown, USA
| | | | - Danyal Bakht
- Medicine and Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | | | - Syed Naveed Mohsin
- Orthopedics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, IRL
- General Surgery, Cavan General Hospital, Cavan, IRL
| | - Srikar P Chilla
- Medicine, CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, IND
- Health Sciences, University of East London, London, GBR
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7
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Forte N, Roussel C, Marfella B, Lauritano A, Villano R, De Leonibus E, Salviati E, Khalilzadehsabet T, Giorgini G, Silvestri C, Piscitelli F, Mollica MP, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Olive oil-derived endocannabinoid-like mediators inhibit palatable food-induced reward and obesity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:959. [PMID: 37735539 PMCID: PMC10514336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N-oleoylglycine (OlGly), a lipid derived from the basic component of olive oil, oleic acid, and N-oleoylalanine (OlAla) are endocannabinoid-like mediators. We report that OlGly and OlAla, by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), reduce the rewarding properties of a highly palatable food, dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area, and the obesogenic effect of a high-fat diet rich in lard (HFD-L). An isocaloric olive oil HFD (HFD-O) reduced body weight gain compared to the HFD-L, in a manner reversed by PPARα antagonism, and enhanced brain and intestinal OlGly levels and gut microbial diversity. OlGly or OlAla treatment of HFD-L mice resulted in gut microbiota taxonomic changes partly similar to those induced by HFD-O. We suggest that OlGly and OlAla control body weight by counteracting highly palatable food overconsumption, and possibly rebalancing the gut microbiota, and provide a potential new mechanism of action for the obeso-preventive effects of olive oil-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brenda Marfella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Rosaria Villano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tina Khalilzadehsabet
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Giada Giorgini
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy.
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8
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Landgraaf RG, Bloem MN, Fumagalli M, Benninga MA, de Lorijn F, Nieuwdorp M. Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236370. [PMID: 37795371 PMCID: PMC10545882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Guy Landgraaf
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Nicté Bloem
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Fumagalli
- Sinomedica Gui Sheng Tang, Scientific Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Lorijn
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Zambrano AK, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Frias-Toral E, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Paz-Cruz E, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Chapela S, Montalván M, Sarno G, Guerra CV, Simancas-Racines D. The Impact of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in the Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2728. [PMID: 37375632 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is characterized by a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day divided into less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate (13%) and 1 to 1.5 g of protein/kg of body weight (44%) and 43% of fat. This low carbohydrate intake changes the energy source from glucose to ketone bodies. Moreover, clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial effect of VLCKD in several diseases, such as heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and obesity, among others. The gut microbiota has been associated with the metabolic conditions of a person and is regulated by diet interactions; furthermore, it has been shown that the microbiota has a role in body weight homeostasis by regulating metabolism, appetite, and energy. Currently, there is increasing evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of obesity. In addition, the molecular pathways, the role of metabolites, and how microbiota modulation could be beneficial remain unclear, and more research is needed. The objective of the present article is to contribute with an overview of the impact that VLCKD has on the intestinal microbiota composition of individuals with obesity through a literature review describing the latest research regarding the topic and highlighting which bacteria phyla are associated with obesity and VLCKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABE, Argentina
- Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina
| | - Martha Montalván
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 091952, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona" University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudia V Guerra
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
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10
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Zhang Q, Bai Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang L, Tang Y, Yue S. Role of herbal medicine and gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116127. [PMID: 36603782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a common metabolic dysfunction disease, which is highly correlated with the homeostasis of gut microbiota (GM). The dysregulation of GM on energy metabolism, immune response, insulin resistance and endogenous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids) can affect the occurrence and development of obesity. Herbal medicine (HM) has particular advantages and definite therapeutic effects in the prevention and treatment of obesity, but its underlying mechanism is not fully clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, the representative basic and clinical anti-obesity studies associated with the homeostasis of GM regulated by HM including active components, single herb and herbal formulae were summarized and discussed. We aim to provide a state of art reference for the mechanism research of HM in treating obesity and the further development of new anti-obesity drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information was collected by searching keywords (obesity, herbal medicine, prescriptions, mechanism, GM, short chain fatty acids, etc.) from scientific databases (CNKI, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, SciFinder, etc.). RESULTS GM dysbiosis did occur in obese patients and mice, whiles the intervention of GM could ameliorate the condition of obesity. HM (e.g., berberine, Ephedra sinica, Rehjnannia glutinosa, and Buzhong Yiqi prescription) has been proved to possess a certain regulation on GM and an explicit effect on obesity, but the exact mechanism of HM in improving obesity by regulating GM remains superficial. CONCLUSION GM is involved in HM against obesity, and GM can be a novel therapeutic target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Yaya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Shijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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11
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Li Z, Zhang B, Wang N, Zuo Z, Wei H, Zhao F. A novel peptide protects against diet-induced obesity by suppressing appetite and modulating the gut microbiota. Gut 2023; 72:686-698. [PMID: 35803703 PMCID: PMC10086289 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity epidemic and its metabolic complications continue to be a major global public health threat with limited effective treatments, especially drugs that can be taken orally. Peptides are a promising class of molecules that have gained increased interest for their applications in medicine and biotechnology. In this study, we focused on looking for peptides that can be administrated orally to treat obesity and exploring its mechanisms. DESIGN Here, a 9-amino-acid peptide named D3 was designed and administered orally to germ-free (GF) mice and wild-type (WT) mice, rats and macaques. The effects of D3 on body weight and other basal metabolic parameters were evaluated. The effects of D3 on gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. To identify and confirm the mechanisms of D3, transcriptome analysis of ileum and molecular approaches on three animal models were performed. RESULTS A significant body weight reduction was observed both in WT (12%) and GF (9%) mice treated with D3. D3 ameliorated leptin resistance and upregulated the expression of uroguanylin (UGN), which suppresses appetite via the UGN-GUCY2C endocrine axis. Similar effects were also found in diet-induced obese rat and macaque models. Furthermore, the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila increased about 100 times through the IFNγ-Irgm1 axis after D3 treatment, which may further inhibit fat absorption by downregulating Cd36. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that D3 is a novel drug candidate for counteracting diet-induced obesity as a non-toxic and bioactive peptide. Targeting the UGN-GUCY2C endocrine axis may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Shao X, Tan LH, He L. Physical activity and exercise alter cognitive abilities, and brain structure and activity in obese children. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1019129. [PMID: 36340766 PMCID: PMC9631829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1019129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing to such an extent that it has become a major global public health problem in the 21st century. Obesity alters children’s brain structure and activity and impairs their cognitive abilities. On the basis of these findings, it is necessary for educational and healthcare institutions to combat childhood obesity through preventive and therapeutic strategies. In general, exercise and physical activity are considered common but effective methods for improving physical, psychological, and brain health across the life span. Therefore, this review article mainly focuses on existing neuroimaging studies that have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)to assess children’s brain anatomy and neural activity. We intended to explore the roles of physical activity and exercise in modulating the associations among childhood obesity, cognitive abilities, and the structure and activity of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Shao
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyun Shao,
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Choi BSY, Brunelle L, Pilon G, Cautela BG, Tompkins TA, Drapeau V, Marette A, Tremblay A. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 improves eating behaviors and mood-related factors in adults with overweight during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:667-679. [PMID: 35714163 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota has emerged as a modifiable factor influencing obesity and metabolic diseases. Interventions targeting this microbial community could attenuate biological and psychological comorbidities of excess weight. Objective: Our aim was to determine if Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation accentuated beneficial impact of weight loss on metabolic and cognitive health. Methods: This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed biological markers of energy metabolism, eating behaviors and mood-related factors in 152 adults with overweight receiving L. rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation or placebo, that were also on a dietary intervention inducing a controlled weight loss. Results: Although probiotic supplementation did not potentiate the reduction in body weight or fat mass, a significant decrease in plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in the probiotic-supplemented group only. With respect to eating behaviors and mood-related factors, beneficial effects were either observed only in the group receiving probiotic supplementation or were significantly greater in this group, including decrease in binge eating tendencies, disinhibition and food-cravings. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of probiotic supplementation to induce beneficial metabolic and psychological outcomes in individuals with overweight undergoing weight loss.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02962583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice S-Y Choi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucie Brunelle
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Vicky Drapeau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Educational, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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14
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Liu G, Li J, Pang B, Li Y, Xu F, Liao N, Shao D, Jiang C, Shi J. Potential role of selenium in alleviating obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10032-10046. [PMID: 35574661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2074961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem in modern life and increases the risk of many comorbidities including iron dyshomeostasis. In contrast to malnourished anemia, obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis is mainly caused by excessive fat accumulation, inflammation, and disordered gut microbiota. In obesity, iron dyshomeostasis also induces disorders associated with gut microbiota, neurodegenerative injury, oxidative damage, and fat accumulation in the liver. Selenium deficiency is often accompanied by obesity or iron deficiency, and selenium supplementation has been shown to alleviate obesity and overcome iron deficiency. Selenium inhibits fat accumulation and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. It regulates gut microbiota, prevents neurodegenerative injury, alleviates oxidative damage to the body, and ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation. These effects theoretically meet the requirements for the inhibition of factors underlying obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. Selenium supplementation may have a potential role in the alleviation of obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis. This review verifies this hypothesis in theory. All the currently reported causes and results of obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis are reviewed comprehensively, together with the effects of selenium. The challenges and strategies of selenium supplementation are also discussed. The findings demonstrate the possibility of selenium-containing drugs or functional foods in alleviating obesity-related iron dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Abulmeaty MMA, Aldisi D, Aljuraiban GS, Almajwal A, El Shorbagy E, Almuhtadi Y, Albaran B, Aldossari Z, Alsager T, Razak S, Berika M, Al Zaben M. Association of Gastric Myoelectrical Activity With Ghrelin, Gastrin, and Irisin in Adults With Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:815026. [PMID: 35547577 PMCID: PMC9081643 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.815026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Functional disturbances of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) might exist in obesity. However, studies on its association with the gastric hormones in obesity phenotypes are lacking. The objective was to study the association of GMA with the serum levels of key gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes. Methods: A total of 139 adults (31.00 ± 11.12 years) were classified into different metabolic phenotypes of obesity: 1) normal weight-lean (NWL group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and the fat-mass index (FMI) ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; 2) metabolically obese normal weight (MONW group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males; 3) metabolically healthy obese (MHO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; and 4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males. The GMA was measured at the baseline and post-prandial state using a multichannel electrogastrography with a water load satiety test. The average power distribution by the frequency region and the average dominant frequency were used for analysis. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectric impedance analysis were performed to calculate the FMI and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Serum levels of ghrelin, gastrin, and irisin were measured by ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Compared to the NWL group, gastrin and ghrelin levels were significantly low in the MUO participants, while irisin was significantly high. The EGG showed significantly lower baseline and 20-min normogastria frequencies in the MHO and MUO groups. In the MHO group, baseline duodenal frequency was positively correlated with the gastrin level, while normogastria times were positively associated with the irisin level and negatively associated with the ghrelin level. In the MUO group, percentages of bradygastria frequencies at 10, 20, and 30 min were positively correlated with the BMI and FFMI. This bradygastria was correlated positively with the irisin level and negatively with the ghrelin level. Conclusion: The EGG patterns might be associated with obesity-related gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes. EGG may be a promising clinical tool in obesity assessment. The association of the EGG patterns with hormonal levels needs further investigation for potential practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M A Abulmeaty
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Obesity Management Unit, Medical Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dara Aldisi
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman El Shorbagy
- Obesity Management Unit, Medical Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yara Almuhtadi
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool Albaran
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid Aldossari
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alsager
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Berika
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al Zaben
- Surgery Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Sarni ROS, Kochi C, Suano-Souza FI. Childhood obesity: an ecological perspective. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98 Suppl 1:S38-S46. [PMID: 34780713 PMCID: PMC9510906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the participation of the environment in the childhood obesity epidemic, since childhood obesity currently represents a great challenge, with high prevalence worldwide, including in Brazil. DATA SOURCE Survey of articles published in the last 10 years in PubMed, evaluating the interface between the environment and childhood obesity. DATA SYNTHESIS Recent studies show that the environment is very important in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities. Therefore, factors such as air pollution, exposure to chemical substances that interfere with the metabolism, excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and changes in lipid metabolism. These factors have a greater impact on some stages of life, such as the first thousand days, as they affect the expression of genes that control the adipogenesis, energy expenditure, and the mechanisms for hunger/satiety control. CONCLUSIONS Environmental aspects must be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity, both from the individual and the population point of view, with adequate and comprehensive public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Departamento de Pediatria, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kochi
- Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna-Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Isabel Suano-Souza
- Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Departamento de Pediatria, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Metformin: Expanding the Scope of Application-Starting Earlier than Yesterday, Canceling Later. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042363. [PMID: 35216477 PMCID: PMC8875586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today the area of application of metformin is expanding, and a wealth of data point to its benefits in people without carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Already in the population of people leading an unhealthy lifestyle, before the formation of obesity and prediabetes metformin smooths out the adverse effects of a high-fat diet. Being prescribed at this stage, metformin will probably be able to, if not prevent, then significantly reduce the progression of all subsequent metabolic changes. To a large extent, this review will discuss the proofs of the evidence for this. Another recent important change is a removal of a number of restrictions on its use in patients with heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease. We will discuss the reasons for these changes and present a new perspective on the role of increasing lactate in metformin therapy.
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18
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Cheng Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Chu H. The critical role of gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1025706. [PMID: 36339448 PMCID: PMC9630587 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic characterized by energy disequilibrium, metabolic disorder, fat mass development, and chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly affects the health state of individuals of all ages and strains the socioeconomic system. The prevalence of obesity is rising at alarming rates and its etiology involves complicated interplay of diet, genetic, and environmental factors. The gut microbiota, as an important constituent of environmental factors, has been confirmed to correlate with the onset and progression of obesity. However, the specific relationship between obesity and the gut microbiota, and its associated mechanisms, have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we have summarized that the microbial diversity was significantly decreased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in obesity. The altered gut microbiota and associated metabolites contributed to the progression of the disease by disrupting energy homeostasis, promoting lipid synthesis and storage, modulating central appetite and feeding behavior, as well as triggering chronic inflammation, and that the intentional manipulation of gut microbiota held promise as novel therapies for obesity, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Yang
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu, ; Ling Yang, ;
| | - Huikuan Chu
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu, ; Ling Yang, ;
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19
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101441. [PMID: 34680074 PMCID: PMC8533503 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is associated with biological processes such as mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. In addition, PQQ attenuates clinically relevant dysfunctions (e.g., those associated with ischemia, inflammation and lipotoxicity). PQQ is novel among biofactors that are not currently accepted as vitamins or conditional vitamins. For example, the absence of PQQ in diets produces a response like a vitamin-related deficiency with recovery upon PQQ repletion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, potential health benefits, such as improved metabolic flexibility and immuno-and neuroprotection, are associated with PQQ supplementation. Here, we address PQQ's role as an enzymatic cofactor or accessory factor and highlight mechanisms underlying PQQ's actions. We review both large scale and targeted datasets demonstrating that a neonatal or perinatal PQQ deficiency reduces mitochondria content and mitochondrial-related gene expression. Data are reviewed that suggest PQQ's modulation of lactate acid and perhaps other dehydrogenases enhance NAD+-dependent sirtuin activity, along with the sirtuin targets, such as PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM; thus, mediating mitochondrial functions. Taken together, current observations suggest vitamin-like PQQ has strong potential as a potent therapeutic nutraceutical.
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Zhang R, Gao S, Wang S, Zhang J, Bai Y, He S, Zhao P, Zhang H. Gut Microbiota in Patients with Type 1 Narcolepsy. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:2007-2018. [PMID: 34785965 PMCID: PMC8579944 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s330022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the characteristics of gut microbiota and its relationship between clinical manifestations in patients with type 1 narcolepsy (NT1). PATIENTS AND METHODS Scale and polysomnography were performed in 20 NT1 patients and 16 healthy controls (HC group) to evaluate the clinical characteristics of NT1. Illumina sequencing was performed on bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene using V3-V4 regions to compare the fecal microbiota in all subjects. Associations between clinical characteristics and gut microbiota were analyzed using partial correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, the NT1 group had a significantly higher ESS score, longer total sleep time, increased wakefulness, decreased sleep efficiency, disturbance of sleep structure, shorter mean sleep latency, and increased sleep-onset REM periods (all P < 0.05). No differences in alpha and beta diversity were observed between the two groups. In contrast, there were significant differences at the level of class, order, family, and genus (all P < 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Klebsiella in the NT1 group was higher than that in the HC group (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Blautia, Barnesiellaceae, Barnesiella, Phocea, Lactococcus, Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, Ruminiclostridium_5, and Bilophila were lower (all P < 0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that partial differential bacteria in the NT1 group were correlated with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, stage 1 sleep, arousal index, and sleep latency (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data revealed differences in intestinal flora structure between NT1 patients and the normal population, thus providing a theoretical basis for future microecological therapy for narcolepsy. However, future larger sample size studies and different study designs are needed to further clarify the possible pathogenesis and potential causality of intestinal flora in NT1 patients and explore the new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanjun Gao
- Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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