1
|
Sarzani R, Landolfo M, Di Pentima C, Ortensi B, Falcioni P, Sabbatini L, Massacesi A, Rampino I, Spannella F, Giulietti F. Adipocentric origin of the common cardiometabolic complications of obesity in the young up to the very old: pathophysiology and new therapeutic opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1365183. [PMID: 38654832 PMCID: PMC11037084 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1365183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, affecting people of all ages. In the last 40 years, the incidence of overweight and obesity almost tripled worldwide. The accumulation of "visceral" adipose tissue increases with aging, leading to several cardio-metabolic consequences: from increased blood pressure to overt arterial hypertension, from insulin-resistance to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obstructive sleep apnea. The increasing use of innovative drugs, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i), is changing the management of obesity and its related cardiovascular complications significantly. These drugs, first considered only for T2DM treatment, are now used in overweight patients with visceral adiposity or obese patients, as obesity is no longer just a risk factor but a critical condition at the basis of common metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. An adipocentric vision and approach should become the cornerstone of visceral overweight and obesity integrated management and treatment, reducing and avoiding the onset of obesity-related multiple risk factors and their clinical complications. According to recent progress in basic and clinical research on adiposity, this narrative review aims to contribute to a novel clinical approach focusing on pathophysiological and therapeutic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Landolfo
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pentima
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ortensi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Falcioni
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Sabbatini
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriano Massacesi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rampino
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Spannella
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Giulietti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, European Society of Hypertension (ESH) “Hypertension Excellence Centre”, Società Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi (SISA) LIPIGEN Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi JW, Kim TH, Park JS, Lee CH. Association between Relative Thrombocytosis and Microalbuminuria in Adults with Mild Fasting Hyperglycemia. J Pers Med 2024; 14:89. [PMID: 38248790 PMCID: PMC10817638 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
An elevated platelet count may contribute to significant thrombotic events and pose a risk for diabetic microvascular complications. Albuminuria, one of the hallmarks of diabetes, is thought to be a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the association between relative thrombocytosis and an increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in healthy adult participants. Using multivariate analyses on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-VI, 12,525 eligible native Koreans aged ≥ 20 were categorized into platelet count quintiles by sex. The highest platelet count quintile included younger, more obese participants with elevated white blood cell counts, poor lipid profiles, and a better estimated glomerular filtration rate. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed significant associations between platelet count and fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Adjusted logistic regression models indicated that heightened fasting blood glucose and platelet count were linked to risk of microalbuminuria (fasting blood glucose, odds ratio = 1.026, 95%CI = 1.011-1.042; platelet count, odds ratio = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.002-1.006). Particularly, an increased platelet count was notably associated with microalbuminuria progression in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. These findings suggest that an elevated platelet count, even below diagnostic thrombocytosis levels, independently correlates with an increased risk of vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with impaired fasting glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Choi
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13495, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joon-Sung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Zhong Y, Yuan Y, Zhu M, Hu W, Liu N, Xing D. New insights into the suppression of inflammation and lipid accumulation by JAZF1. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2457-2469. [PMID: 37554201 PMCID: PMC10404878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide. The identification of new therapeutic targets and agents is critical. JAZF1 is expressed in many tissues and is found at particularly high levels in adipose tissue (AT). JAZF1 suppresses inflammation (including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, IFN-γ, IAR-20, COL3A1, laminin, and MCP-1) by reducing NF-κB pathway activation and AT immune cell infiltration. JAZF1 reduces lipid accumulation by regulating the liver X receptor response element (LXRE) of the SREBP-1c promoter, the cAMP-response element (CRE) of HMGCR, and the TR4 axis. LXRE and CRE sites are present in many cytokine and lipid metabolism gene promoters, which suggests that JAZF1 regulates these genes through these sites. NF-κB is the center of the JAZF1-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response. JAZF1 suppresses NF-κB expression by suppressing TAK1 expression. Interestingly, TAK1 inhibition also decreases lipid accumulation. A dual-targeting strategy of NF-κB and TAK1 could inhibit both inflammation and lipid accumulation. Dual-target compounds (including prodrugs) 1-5 exhibit nanomolar inhibition by targeting NF-κB and TAK1, EGFR, or COX-2. However, the NF-κB suppressing activity of these compounds is relatively low (IC50 > 300 nM). Compounds 6-14 suppress NF-κB expression with IC50 values ranging from 1.8 nM to 38.6 nM. HS-276 is a highly selective, orally bioavailable TAK1 inhibitor. Combined structural modifications of compounds using a prodrug strategy may enhance NF-κB inhibition. This review focused on the role and mechanism of JAZF1 in inflammation and lipid accumulation for the identification of new anti-atherosclerotic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yingjie Zhong
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Xie Y, Gu X, Zhou Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Lai W, Lu H, Chen S, Xu JY, Lin F, Liu Y. Association Between Systemic Immune Inflammation Level and Poor Prognosis Across Different Glucose Metabolism Status in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4031-4042. [PMID: 37719940 PMCID: PMC10505030 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s425189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood glucose levels significantly affect the clinical prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and systemic immune inflammation is a common risk factor for both CAD and diabetes. However, the relationship between immune inflammation levels and poor prognosis in patients with CAD with different glucose metabolic statuses remains unclear. Methods Between January 2007 and December 2020, we recruited 84,645 patients with CAD. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) was used to comprehensively reflect the immune and inflammatory levels of patients and was calculated using the following formula: neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes. The patients were classified into nine groups according to their glucose metabolism status (diabetes mellitus [DM], pre-diabetes mellitus [pre-DM], and normal glucose regulation [NGR]). Cox regression models and competing risk Fine and Gray models were used to investigate the association between SII and clinical outcomes. Results During the follow-up period, 12,578 patients died, including 5857 cardiovascular-related and 1251 cancer-related deaths. The risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality increased with increasing SII tertiles in CAD patients with NGR, pre-DM, and DM. When considering glucose metabolism status, the multivariate cox regression revealed that CAD patients with DM and SII-H levels had the highest risk of all-cause mortality (1.69 [1.56-1.83]), cardiovascular mortality (2.29 [2.02-2.59]), and cancer mortality (1.29 [1.01-1.66]). Moreover, incorporating the SII into traditional risk factor models significantly improved the C-index for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion Systemic immune inflammation levels on admission were correlated with a higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with CAD, particularly in those with DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-yan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li RY, Yu JW, Chen XH, Han QQ, Ge H, Li C, Ju S, Zhao DL. Association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus with intracranial plaque characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220802. [PMID: 36350061 PMCID: PMC9975357 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of pre-diabetes(i.e., the early stages of glucometabolic disturbance) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with intracranial plaque characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke using three-dimensional high-resolution MR imaging. METHODS One hundred and forty-three symptomatic patients with acute ischemic stroke attribute to intracranial atherosclerotic plaque were prospectively enrolled. All participants were further divided into three groups: normal glucose metabolism(non-diabetes) group(n = 41), pre-diabetes group(n = 45), and T2DM group(n = 57) according to glucometabolic status. Culprit plaque characteristics (such as plaque burden, normalized wall index and enhancement ratio), total plaque number, and global plaque enhancement score were analyzed and compared among the three glucometabolic groups. The association between pre-diabetes and T2DM with intracranial plaque characteristics was assessed by logistic regression and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS Plaque number was higher in patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM compared with those with non-diabetes(3.71 ± 1.83 and 3.75 ± 1.71 vs 2.24 ± 1.46, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant association of multiple intracranial plaques with pre-diabetes(OR 3.524, 95% CI 1.082 ~ 11.479, p = 0.037), T2DM(OR 3.760, 95% CI 1.098 ~ 12.872, p = 0.035) and luminal stenotic rate. Both pre-diabetes and T2DM were significantly associated with culprit plaque enhancement ratio(β = 0.527 and β = 0.536; respectively; p < 0.001) and global plaque enhancement score(β = 0.264 and β = 0.373; respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM had similar intracranial atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, as demonstrated by multiple plaques, increased culprit plaque enhancement ratio and global plaque enhancement score. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Pre-diabetes might be a risk factor for intracranial plaque vulnerability. It is necessary to monitor a slight increase in blood glucose in non-diabetes patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Hong Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Deng-Ling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang R, Li Z, Su J, Yang T, Ma M, Pan G, Wang X, Li L, Yu C. Remnant cholesterol for the detection of glucose metabolic states in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1339-1347. [PMID: 35871108 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and glucose metabolic states in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with angina pectoris. METHODS This study collected data from 11,557 CHD patients with angina pectoris aged 35-75 years in Tianjin, China. Participants were divided into normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes (Pre-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups according to glucose metabolic states. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between glucose metabolism [fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)] and RC levels. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between RC levels and glucose metabolic states. RESULTS Among all participants, 5883 (50.9%) had a DM state and 4034 (34.9%) had a Pre-DM state. FBG levels and HbA1c levels were positively related with RC in all patients (P < 0.001). NGR was used as a reference, multi-adjusted model showing that RC level was significantly associated with Pre-DM [Odds ratio (OR): 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.56; P < 0.001] and DM state (OR:1.47; 95% CI 1.29-1.67; P < 0.001). When considering RC as categorical variables (tertiles), using T1 as a reference, T3 had the strongest relationship between RC levels and Pre-DM and DM state in univariate model and multivariate model. In the stratified analyses, the association between RC levels and pre-DM and DM in women was higher than that in men, and the elderly patients was higher than in the middle-aged patients. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a significant association between RC levels and pre-DM and DM state among CHD patients with angina pectoris, and the relationship was stronger in women and elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jinyu Su
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guangwei Pan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leng Q, Ding J, Dai M, Liu L, Fang Q, Wang DW, Wu L, Wang Y. Insights Into Platelet-Derived MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular and Oncologic Diseases: Potential Predictor and Therapeutic Target. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879351. [PMID: 35757325 PMCID: PMC9218259 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), represented by cardiovascular diseases and cancer, have been the leading cause of death globally. Improvements in mortality from cardiovascular (CV) diseases (decrease of 14%/100,000, United States) or cancers (increase 7.5%/100,000, United States) seem unsatisfactory during the past two decades, and so the search for innovative and accurate biomarkers of early diagnosis and prevention, and novel treatment strategies is a valuable clinical and economic endeavor. Both tumors and cardiovascular system are rich in angiological systems that maintain material exchange, signal transduction and distant regulation. This pattern determines that they are strongly influenced by circulating substances, such as glycolipid metabolism, inflammatory homeostasis and cyclic non-coding RNA and so forth. Platelets, a group of small anucleated cells, inherit many mature proteins, mRNAs, and non-coding RNAs from their parent megakaryocytes during gradual formation and manifest important roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, cancer, and many other diseases apart from its classical function in hemostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs containing ∼22 nucleotides that participate in many key cellular processes by pairing with mRNAs at partially complementary binding sites for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Platelets contain fully functional miRNA processors in their microvesicles and are able to transport their miRNAs to neighboring cells and regulate their gene expression. Therefore, the importance of platelet-derived miRNAs for the human health is of increasing interest. Here, we will elaborate systematically the roles of platelet-derived miRNAs in cardiovascular disease and cancer in the hope of providing clinicians with new ideas for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Therapeutic Strategies and Chemoprevention of Atherosclerosis: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040722. [PMID: 35456556 PMCID: PMC9025701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the development of effective therapeutic strategies is a challenging task that requires more research to attain its full potential. This review discusses current pharmacotherapy in atherosclerosis and explores the potential of some important emerging therapies (antibody-based therapeutics, cytokine-targeting therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, photodynamic therapy and theranostics) in terms of clinical translation. A chemopreventive approach based on modern research of plant-derived products is also presented. Future perspectives on preventive and therapeutic management of atherosclerosis and the design of tailored treatments are outlined.
Collapse
|
9
|
Activation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor Inhibits Leukocyte Adhesiveness to Dysfunctional Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179267. [PMID: 34502180 PMCID: PMC8431649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell recruitment into the vascular subendothelium constitutes an early event in the atherogenic process. As the effect of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) on leukocyte recruitment and endothelial dysfunction is poorly understood, this study investigated whether the role of CAR activation can affect this response and the underlying mechanisms involved. Under physiological flow conditions, TNFα-induced endothelial adhesion of human leukocyte cells was concentration-dependently inhibited by preincubation of human umbilical arterial endothelial cells with the selective human CAR ligand CITCO. CAR agonism also prevented TNFα induced VCAM-1 expression, as well as MCP-1/CCL-2 and RANTES/CCL-5 release in endothelial cells. Suppression of CAR expression with a small interfering RNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of CITCO on these responses. Furthermore, CITCO increased interaction of CAR with Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and reduced TNFα-induced p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. In vivo, using intravital microscopy in the mouse cremasteric microcirculation treatment with the selective mouse CAR ligand TCPOBOP inhibited TNFα-induced leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion, and emigration and decreased VCAM-1 in endothelium. These results reveal that CAR agonists can inhibit the initial inflammatory response that precedes the atherogenic process by targeting different steps in the leukocyte recruitment cascade. Therefore, CAR agonists may constitute a new therapeutic tool in controlling cardiovascular disease-associated inflammatory processes.
Collapse
|