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Xu RH, Shen JN, Lu JB, Liu YJ, Song Y, Cao Y, Wang ZH, Zhang J. Bile acid profiles and classification model accuracy for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38457. [PMID: 38847684 PMCID: PMC11155534 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the utility of serum bile acid profiling for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed 15 specific bile acids in the serum of 269 IBD patients, 200 healthy controls (HC), and 174 patients with other intestinal diseases (OID) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum bile acid levels were compared between IBD group, HC group, and OID group. Binary logistic regression-based models were developed to model the bile acids and diagnose IBD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of each bile acid and the model. Compared to HC group, IBD group exhibited significantly lower levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. DCA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.860 for diagnosing IBD, with a sensitivity of 80.67% and a specificity of 82.50%. A model Y0 combining DCA and CDCA to distinguish between IBD group and HC group further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.866, sensitivity = 76.28%, specificity = 89.37%). Compared to non-IBD group (which combined healthy controls and those with other intestinal diseases), IBD group had significantly lower levels of DCA, GDCA, TDCA, LCA, GLCA, and TLCA, and elevated levels of glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA). A model Y1 incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA to distinguish between IBD group and non-IBD group yielded an AUC of 0.792, with a sensitivity of 77.67% and specificity of 71.91%. IBD patients exhibit decreased serum secondary bile acid levels and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. Serum bile acid alterations are associated with the onset of IBD. A model consisting of CDCA and DCA has potential for distinguishing between IBD group and HC group, while a model incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA may be suitable for distinguishing between IBD group and non-IBD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Nan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin Z, Dai W, Hu S, Chen D, Yan H, Zeng L, Lin Z. Stored white tea ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. Food Funct 2024; 15:4262-4275. [PMID: 38526548 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the chemical composition of white tea during storage have been studied extensively; however, whether such chemical changes impact the efficacy of white tea in ameliorating colitis remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of new (2021 WP) and 10-year-old (2011 WP) white tea on 3% dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by gavaging mice with the extracts at 200 mg kg-1 day-1. Chemical composition analysis showed that the levels of 50 compounds, such as flavanols, dimeric catechins, and amino acids, were significantly lower in the 2011 WP extract than in the 2021 WP extract, whereas the contents of 21 compounds, such as N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols, theobromine, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-(3''-O-methyl) gallate, were significantly higher. Results of the animal experiments showed that 2011 WP ameliorated the pathological symptoms of colitis, which was superior to the activity of 2021 WP, and this effect was likely enhanced based on the decreasing of the relative abundance of the g_bacteroides and g_Escherichia-Shigella flora in mice with colitis and promoting the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids in the colon. These results will facilitate the development of novel functional products from white tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China.
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Weidong Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China.
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China.
| | - Han Yan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China.
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Meiling South Road, West Lake District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China.
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Xiong Y, Ma X, He B, Zhi J, Liu X, Wang P, Zhou Z, Liu D. Multifaceted Effects of Subchronic Exposure to Chlorfenapyr in Mice: Implications from Serum Metabolomics, Hepatic Oxidative Stress, and Intestinal Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7423-7437. [PMID: 38502791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
As chlorfenapyr is a commonly used insecticide in agriculture, the health risks of subchronic exposure to chlorfenapyr remained unclear. This study aimed to extensively probe the health risks from subchronic exposure to chlorfenapyr at the NOAEL and 10-fold NOAEL dose in mice. Through pathological and biochemical examinations, the body metabolism, hepatic toxicity, and intestinal homeostasis were systematically assessed. After 12 weeks, a 10-fold NOAEL dose of chlorfenapyr resulted in weight reduction, increased daily food intake, and blood lipid abnormalities. Concurrently, this dosage induced hepatotoxicity and amplified oxidative stress in hepatocytes, a finding further supported in HepG2 cells. Moreover, chlorfenapyr resulted in intestinal inflammation, evidenced by increased inflammatory factors (IL-17a, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-22), disrupted immune cells (RORγt, Foxp3), and compromised intestinal barriers (ZO-1 and occludin). By contrast, the NOAEL dose presented less toxicity in most evaluations. Serum metabolomic analyses unveiled widespread disruptions in pathways related to hepatotoxicity and intestinal inflammation, including NF-κB signaling, Th cell differentiation, and bile acid metabolism. Microbiomic analysis showed an increase in Lactobacillus, a decrease in Muribaculaceae, and diminished anti-inflammatory microbes, which further propelled the inflammatory response and leaded to intestinal inflammation. These findings revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying chlorfenapyr-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal inflammation, highlighting the significant role of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Xiong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingying He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianwen Zhi
- Department of Proctology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Cheng G, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Hu H, Liu H. Berberine improves DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the fecal-bacteria-related bile acid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115430. [PMID: 37683590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been confirmed as a disease with a high incidence and low cure rate worldwide. In severe cases, UC can develop into colon cancer. Modern research has confirmed that berberine (BBR) can treat UC by inhibiting the expressions of inflammatory factors. However, the contribution of gut microbiota and flora metabolites in treating UC with BBR remains unclear. In this study, the ameliorative effects of BBR on gut microbiota dysbiosis and flora metabolites were investigated in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC rodent model. We found that BBR significantly improved the pathological phenotype, attenuated intestinal barrier disruption, and mitigated colonic inflammation in DSS mice. By 16 S rDNA sequencing, BBR alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis in UC mice. Moreover, the gut microbiota depletion experiment confirmed that the therapeutic effect of BBR was inextricably correlated with the gut microbiota. Besides, the flora metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) were studied using HPLC-MS. The results suggested that BBR ameliorated the bile acid imbalance induced by DSS in the liver and gut. Furthermore, BBR treatment repaired gut barrier damage. The above results revealed that BBR alleviated DSS-induced UC in mice by restoring the disturbed gut microbiota, elevating unconjugated and secondary bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract, and activating the FXR and TGR5 signal pathway. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism of BBR in treating UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, PR China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lei Xiong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Haiming Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Ma L, Hou C, Yang H, Chen Q, Lyu W, Wang Z, Wang J, Xiao Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals the interaction of gut microbiome and host microRNAs in ulcerative colitis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2261477. [PMID: 37774039 PMCID: PMC10543339 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2261477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that co-occurs with gut microbiota dysbiosis; however, its etiology remains unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA)-microbiome interactions play an essential role in host health and disease. METHODS To investigate the gut microbiome and host miRNA profiles in colitis, we used a Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) model. Metagenomic sequencing and metabolome profiling were performed to explore typical microbiota and metabolite signatures in colitis, whereas mRNA and miRNA sequencing were used to determine differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in the inflamed colon. RESULTS A total of 986 miRNAs were identified between the two groups, with 41 upregulated and 21 downregulated miRNAs in colitis mice compared to the control group. Notably, the target genes of these significantly altered miRNAs were primarily enriched in the immune and inflammation-related pathways. Second, LEfSe analysis revealed bacterial biomarkers distinguishing the two groups, with significantly higher levels of commonly encountered pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri in the UC group, whereas beneficial species such as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were more abundant in the control group. Microbiota metabolites histamine, N-acetylhistamine, and glycocholic acid were found to be downregulated in colitis mice. Spearman correlation further revealed the potential crosstalk between the microbiota profile and colonic miRNA, revealing the possibility of microbiome-miRNA interactions involved in IBD development. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal the relationships between multi-omic features during UC and suggest that targeting specific miRNAs may provide new avenues for the development of effective miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Greentown Agricultural Testing Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Chen B, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li D, Huang X, Kuang X, Wang S, Hu Z. Untargeted metabolomics identifies potential serum biomarkers associated with Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1751-1761. [PMID: 36329220 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is well characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The diagnose of CD relays on the comprehensive evaluation of patient symptoms, laboratory examination, radiology, and endoscopy. There is lack of biomarkers or simple test for CD detection. Serum samples from healthy subjects (n = 16) and CD patients (n = 16) were collected and prepared for untargeted metabolomics analysis using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method. The alterations of serum metabolites and the potential biomarkers were profiled by statistical analysis. And the associated metabolic pathway was analyzed based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The performance of potential biomarkers was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A complete separation between HS and CD groups was seen in OPLS-DA. A total of 108 and 131 significantly altered metabolites in positive and negative ion mode, respectively, were identified, and most of them belong to several pathways ranging from lipid metabolism to amino acid metabolism and energy homeostasis. KEGG analysis revealed that lipid metabolism enriched most significantly. Further, ceramide, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) presented the highest predictive accuracy of the patients with CD as analyzed by ROC. The current study demonstrated that lipid metabolism is mostly related to CD pathogenesis. Further investigations are indicated to examine the use of lipid-related metabolites of ceramide, PE, and TCDCA as potential biomarkers for CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Dingqi Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Xiaotan Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Xiaojin Kuang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Zhaotun Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China.
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Chen LA, Oliva-Hemker M, Radin A, Weidner M, O’Laughlin BD, Sears CL, Javitt NB, Hourigan SK. Longitudinal Bile Acid Composition Changes Following Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children With and Without Underlying Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1364-1368. [PMID: 36988432 PMCID: PMC10441560 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Faecal microbiota transplant [FMT] is effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [CDI] and restores gut microbiota composition. This is unlikely to account for its entire mechanism of efficacy, as studies have shown that factors such as bile acids influence the risk of infection by affecting Clostridioides difficile germination. We therefore aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in the gut bile acid composition after FMT performed for recurrent CDI, in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS Eight children received FMT; five had underlying IBD. Primary and secondary faecal bile acids were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in recipients [pre-FMT and longitudinally post-FMT for up to 6 months] and donors. RESULTS Pre-FMT, recipients had higher primary and lower secondary bile acid proportions compared with donors. Post-FMT, there was a gradual increase of secondary and decrease of primary bile acids. Whereas gut bacterial diversity had been shown to be restored in all children shortly after FMT, normalisation of bile acids to donor levels occurred only by 6 months. In children with IBD, although microbiota diversity returned to pre-FMT levels within 6 months, secondary bile acids remained at donor levels. CONCLUSIONS The differences in bile acid profiles compared with gut bacterial diversity post-FMT suggests that interactions between the two may be more complex than previously appreciated and may contribute to FMT efficacy in different ways. This initial finding demonstrates the need to further investigate gut metabolites in larger cohorts, with longitudinal sampling to understand the mechanisms of FMT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ann Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Oliva-Hemker
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arielle Radin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Weidner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brynn D O’Laughlin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman B Javitt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Clinical Microbiome Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Long XQ, Liu MZ, Liu ZH, Xia LZ, Lu SP, Xu XP, Wu MH. Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4252-4270. [PMID: 37545642 PMCID: PMC10401658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis are called inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, bile acids are an atypical class of steroids produced in mammals and traditionally known for their function in food absorption. With the development of genomics and metabolomics, more and more data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease are regulated by bile acids and their receptors. Bile acids operate as signalling molecules by activating a variety of bile acid receptors that impact intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. Inflammatory bowel disease can be treated in new ways by using these potential molecules. This paper mainly discusses the increasing function of bile acids and their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease and their prospective therapeutic applications. In addition, we explore bile acid metabolism and the interaction of bile acids and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Quan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lv-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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Singh SV, Ganguly R, Jaiswal K, Yadav AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4458-4476. [PMID: 37469740 PMCID: PMC10353503 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i19.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients. Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors, such as microbiota population and diversity, microbial metabolites, dietary uptake, and psychological abnormalities. Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germ-free animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology. Additionally, neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions, where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS. It regulates GI motility, pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity. In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA, more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS. In this review, we have summarized the gut microbial composition, interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators, available therapeutics, and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Vardan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhou C, Wang Y, Li C, Xie Z, Dai L. Amelioration of Colitis by a Gut Bacterial Consortium Producing Anti-Inflammatory Secondary Bile Acids. Microbiol Spectr 2023:e0333022. [PMID: 36943054 PMCID: PMC10101101 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03330-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Integrative Human Microbiome Project and other cohort studies have indicated that inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota, decreased production of secondary bile acids, and increased levels of primary bile acids. Secondary bile acids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), have been reported to be anti-inflammatory, yet it remains to be studied whether introducing selected bacteria strains to restore bile acid metabolism of the gut microbiome can alleviate intestinal inflammation. In this study, we screened human gut bacterial strains for bile acid metabolism and designed a consortium of three species, including Clostridium AP sp000509125, Bacteroides ovatus, and Eubacterium limosum, and named it BAC (bile acid consortium). We showed that the three-strain gut bacterial consortium BAC is capable of converting conjugated primary bile acids taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid to secondary bile acids UDCA and LCA in vitro. Oral gavage treatment with BAC in mice resulted in protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, including reduced weight loss and increased colon length. Furthermore, BAC treatment increased the fecal level of bile acids, including UDCA and LCA. BAC treatment enhanced intestinal barrier function, which may be attributed to the increased activation of the bile acid receptor TGR5 by secondary bile acids. Finally, we examined the remodeling of gut microbiota by BAC treatment. Taken together, the three-strain gut bacterial consortium BAC restored the dysregulated bile acid metabolism and alleviated DSS-induced colitis. Our study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that a rationally designed bacterial consortium can reshape the metabolism of the gut microbiome to treat diseases. IMPORTANCE Secondary bile acids have been reported to be anti-inflammatory, yet it remains to be studied whether introducing selected bacteria strains to restore bile acid metabolism of the gut microbiome can alleviate intestinal inflammation. To address this gap, we designed a consortium of human gut bacterial strains based on their metabolic capacity to produce secondary bile acids UDCA and LCA, and we evaluated the efficacy of single bacterial strains and the bacterial consortium in treating the murine colitis model. We found that oral gavage of the bacterial consortium to mice restored secondary bile acid metabolism to increase levels of UDCA and LCA, which induced the activation of TGR5 to improve gut-barrier integrity and reduced the inflammation in murine colitis. Overall, our study demonstrates that rationally designed bacterial consortia can reshape the metabolism of the gut microbiome and provides novel insights into the application of live biotherapeutics for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Guo L, Da F, Gao Q, Miao X, Guo J, Zhang W, Li J, Wang J, Liu J. Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury is Associated With Disorders of Bile Acids Metabolism. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:490-500. [PMID: 35948117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal injury commonly occurs in radiation therapy, but its pathogenesis is not well understood. The relationship between irradiation-induced intestinal injury and bile acids (BAs) metabolism remains elusive. This study intends to clarify the role of BAs metabolism in irradiation-induced intestinal injury and the potential for supplementation with BAs to alleviate this injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS BAs metabolomic analysis of fecal pellets from normal and 12 Gy γ-ray total abdominal irradiation (TAI) treated mice was performed. The effects of a crude bile extract (BAmix) or lithocholic acid (LCA) on mice exposed to 12 Gy γ-ray TAI were determined by analyzing weight loss, colon length, villus length, crypt number, and the expression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). The effects of BAmix or LCA on intestinal organoids after 4 Gy irradiation were analyzed. ELISA assay was applied to test IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse intestine. The expression changes of G protein-coupled receptor 1 (TGR5) and YAP1 in the colonic mucosa of patients with radiation-induced intestinal injury were determined by IHC. RESULTS The relative abundance of secondary BAs was decreased while the relative abundance of primary BAs was increased in irradiated mice, and LCA was the most obvious change. BAmix and LCA alleviated irradiation-induced intestinal injury in a mouse model, as reflected by reduced body weight loss, longer colon, higher villus, more crypts, and increased Lgr5 expression. In intestinal organoids, BAmix and LCA enhanced newborn crypts formation after irradiation. LCA treatment improved the expression of TGR5 and YAP1 in mouse intestinal crypts. LCA has potential to reduce the inflammation levels in irradiated mice. Additionally, the expression levels of TGR5 and YAP1 in the colonic mucosa of patients with radiation enteritis were also significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced intestinal injury is associated with disorders of BAs metabolism, and treatment with LCA had a protective effect against radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice by modulating TGR5 and YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Da
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaohui Gao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Miao
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Liu F, Yao Y, Wang Q, Zhang F, Wang M, Zhu C, Lin C. Nigakinone alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis via regulating bile acid profile and FXR/NLRP3 signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:15-34. [PMID: 36054406 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of bile acid (BA) metabolism disorder with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is realized nowadays. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a controller for BA homeostasis and inflammation, is a promising target for UC therapy. Nigakinone has potential therapeutic effects on colitis. Herein, we investigated the anti-UC effects and mechanism of nigakinone in colitic animals induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The related targets involved in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway were measured. BA-targeted metabolomics was employed to reveal the regulatory effects of nigakinone on BA profile in colitis, while expressions of FXR and its mediated targets referring to BA enterohepatic circulation were determined. The critical role of FXR in the treatment of nigakinone for colitis was studied via molecule-docking, dual-luciferase reporter® (DLR™) assays, FXR silencing cells, and FXR knockout mice. Results showed nigakinone attenuated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, including excessive inflammatory response by NLRP3 activation, and injury of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Nigakinone regulated BA disorders by controlling cholesterol hydroxylase and transporters mediated by FXR, then decreased BA accumulation in colon. Molecular-docking and DLR™ assays indicated FXR might be a target of nigakinone. In vitro, nigakinone restrained BA-induced inflammation and cell damage via FXR activation and inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. However, ameliorating effects of nigakinone on colitis were suppressed by FXR knockout or silencing in vivo or in vitro. Taken together, nigakinone ameliorated experimental colitis via regulating BA profile and FXR/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangle Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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13
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Calzadilla N, Comiskey SM, Dudeja PK, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA. Bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021924. [PMID: 36569849 PMCID: PMC9768584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are critical for the digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins; however, evidence continues to emerge supporting additional roles for bile acids as signaling molecules. After they are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, primary bile acids are modified into secondary bile acids by gut flora contributing to a diverse pool and making the composition of bile acids highly sensitive to alterations in gut microbiota. Disturbances in bile acid homeostasis have been observed in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). In fact, a decrease in secondary bile acids was shown to occur because of IBD-associated dysbiosis. Further, the increase in luminal bile acids due to malabsorption in Crohn's ileitis and ileal resection has been implicated in the induction of diarrhea and the exacerbation of inflammation. A causal link between bile acid signaling and intestinal inflammation has been recently suggested. With respect to potential mechanisms related to bile acids and IBD, several studies have provided strong evidence for direct effects of bile acids on intestinal permeability in porcine and rodent models as well as in humans. Interestingly, different bile acids were shown to exert distinct effects on the inflammatory response and intestinal permeability that require careful consideration. Such findings revealed a potential effect for changes in the relative abundance of different bile acids on the induction of inflammation by bile acids and the development of IBD. This review summarizes current knowledge about the roles for bile acids as inflammatory mediators and modulators of intestinal permeability mainly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Calzadilla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shane M. Comiskey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ravinder K. Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Waddah A. Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Transcriptome and targeted metabolome analysis provide insights into bile acids' new roles and mechanisms on fat deposition and meat quality in lamb. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Zheng L. New insights into the interplay between intestinal flora and bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10823-10839. [PMID: 36338232 PMCID: PMC9631134 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora plays a key role in nutrient absorption, metabolism and immune defense, and is considered to be the cornerstone of maintaining the health of human hosts. Bile acids synthesized in the liver can not only promote the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the intestine, but also directly or indirectly affect the structure and function of intestinal flora. Under the action of intestinal flora, bile acids can be converted into secondary bile acids, which can be reabsorbed back to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. The complex dialogue mechanism between intestinal flora and bile acids is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, the effects of intestinal flora, bile acids and their interactions on IBD and the progress of treatment were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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16
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Huang C, Wang Y, Lin X, Chan TF, Lai KP, Li R. Uncovering the functions of plasma proteins in ulcerative colitis and identifying biomarkers for BPA-induced severe ulcerative colitis: A plasma proteome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113897. [PMID: 35999755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a long-term inflammation of the colon, is a worldwide disease. Accumulating reports have suggested the contribution of environmental pollutants to UC development. As such, the identification of biomarkers to evaluate pollutant-induced UC could provide a better assessment on the world's pollution problem. In the present study, we applied the plasma proteome to profile the plasma protein changes in three models: dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, bisphenol A (BPA), and BPA-severe colitis. We aimed to investigate the functional roles of plasma proteins related to colitis development and further understand the synergistic effect of BPA on colitis. In addition, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers for UC non-invasive diagnosis and assessment of BPA-induced colitis. Our results showed a significant dysregulation of plasma proteins in these three models. Bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, highlighted the important effects of these dysregulated plasma proteins in immune and inflammatory responses through the regulation of CCR3 signaling in eosinophils, PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes, CD28 signaling in T helper cells, and leukocyte extravasation signaling in DSS-induced colitis model. Furthermore, our data suggested that BPA exposure altered the plasma proteins involved in lipid-related metabolic processes, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and cytokine response. More importantly, we identified plasma proteins, ALB, APOA4, C3, CFB, DPEP1, HP, LTF, and Retnlg as biomarkers for assessing BPA-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- The Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
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17
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Zhang B, Liu K, Yang H, Jin Z, Ding Q, Zhao L. Gut Microbiota: The Potential Key Target of TCM’s Therapeutic Effect of Treating Different Diseases Using the Same Method—UC and T2DM as Examples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855075. [PMID: 35433500 PMCID: PMC9005880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine often exerts the therapeutic effect of “treating different diseases with the same method” in clinical practice; in other words, it is a kind of herbal medicine that can often treat two or even multiple diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying its multi-path and multi-target pharmacological effects remains unclear. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of several diseases, and that the root cause of herbal medicine plays a therapeutic role in different diseases, a phenomenon potentially related to the improvement of the gut microbiota. We used local intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as examples; comprehensively searched databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure; and summarized the related studies. The results indicate that multiple individual Chinese herbal medicines, such as Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian), Curcuma longa L (Jiang Huang), and Radix Scutellariae (Huang Qin), and Chinese medicinal compounds, such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and Shenling Baizhu Powder, potentially treat these two diseases by enriching the diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria, reducing pathogenic bacteria, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibiting intestinal and systemic inflammation. In conclusion, this study found that a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines can simultaneously treat ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes, and the gut microbiota may be a significant target for herbal medicine as it exerts its therapeutic effect of “treating different diseases with the same method”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linhua Zhao,
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18
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Bile Acids and the Microbiome: Making Sense of This Dynamic Relationship in Their Role and Management in Crohn's Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:8416578. [PMID: 35360442 PMCID: PMC8964223 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8416578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids help maintain the physiological balance of the gut microbiome and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Similarly, intestinal bacteria play a major role in bile acid metabolism as they are involved in crucial biotransformation steps in the enterohepatic circulation pathway. Understanding the relationship between bile acid signalling and the gut microbiome in Crohn's disease can help target new and innovative treatment strategies. AIMS This review summarises the relationship between bile acids and the microbiome in Crohn's disease and discusses potential novel therapeutic options. METHODS We performed a literature review on bile acid signalling, its effect on the gut microbiome, and therapeutic applications in Crohn's disease. RESULTS Current research suggests that there is a strong interplay between the dysregulated microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and the mucosal immune system that can result in a changed immunological function, triggering the inflammatory response in Crohn's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated an association with altering the enterohepatic circulation and activating the farnesoid X receptor signalling pathway with the use of probiotics and faecal microbial transplantation, respectively. Bile acid sequestrants have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anti-apoptotic properties with the potential to alter the intestinal microbial composition, suggesting a possible role in inducing and maintaining Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Active Crohn's disease has been correlated with changes in bacterial concentrations, which may be associated with changes in bile acid modification. Further research should focus on targeting these areas for future therapeutic options.
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19
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Ni Y, Lu M, Xu Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Li Y, Zhuang T, Xia C, Zhang T, Gou XJ, Zhou M. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acids Axis in the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908011. [PMID: 35832821 PMCID: PMC9271914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an emerging global health problem affecting 25-30% of the total population, refers to excessive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) without significant alcohol intake. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD will lead to an increasing number of cirrhosis patients, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requiring liver transplantation, while the current treatments for NAFLD and its advanced diseases are suboptimal. Accordingly, it is necessary to find signaling pathways and targets related to the pathogenesis of NAFLD for the development of novel drugs. A large number of studies and reviews have described the critical roles of bile acids (BAs) and their receptors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The gut microbiota (GM), whose composition varies between healthy and NAFLD patients, promotes the transformation of more than 50 secondary bile acids and is involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD through the GM-BAs axis. Correspondingly, BAs inhibit the overgrowth of GM and maintain a healthy gut through their antibacterial effects. Here we review the biosynthesis, enterohepatic circulation, and major receptors of BAs, as well as the relationship of GM, BAs, and the pathogenesis of NAFLD in different disease progression. This article also reviews several therapeutic approaches for the management and prevention of NAFLD targeting the GM-BAs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ni
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengna Lu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-jun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Xiao-jun Gou,
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mingmei Zhou,
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20
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. Physiological Role of Bile Acids Modified by the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 10:68. [PMID: 35056517 PMCID: PMC8777643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are produced from cholesterol in the liver and are termed primary BAs. Primary BAs are conjugated with glycine and taurine in the liver and then released into the intestine via the gallbladder. After the deconjugation of glycine or taurine by the gut microbiome, primary BAs are converted into secondary BAs by the gut microbiome through modifications such as dehydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization. Most BAs in the intestine are reabsorbed and transported to the liver, where both primary and secondary BAs are conjugated with glycine or taurine and rereleased into the intestine. Thus, unconjugated primary Bas, as well as conjugated and unconjugated secondary BAs, have been modified by the gut microbiome. Some of the BAs reabsorbed from the intestine spill into the systemic circulation, where they bind to a variety of nuclear and cell-surface receptors in tissues, whereas some of the BAs are not reabsorbed and bind to receptors in the terminal ileum. BAs play crucial roles in the physiological regulation of various tissues. Furthermore, various factors, such as diet, age, and antibiotics influence BA composition. Here, we review recent findings regarding the physiological roles of BAs modified by the gut microbiome in the metabolic, immune, and nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki 769-2193, Kagawa, Japan;
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