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Morimoto A, Rose RD, Smith KM, Dinh DT, Umehara T, Winstanley YE, Shibahara H, Russell DL, Robker RL. Granulosa cell metabolism at ovulation correlates with oocyte competence and is disrupted by obesity and aging. Hum Reprod 2024:deae154. [PMID: 39013118 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is oocyte developmental competence associated with changes in granulosa cell (GC) metabolism? SUMMARY ANSWER GC metabolism is regulated by the LH surge, altered by obesity and reproductive aging, and, in women, specific metabolic profiles are associated with failed fertilization versus increased blastocyst development. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The cellular environment in which an oocyte matures is critical to its future developmental competence. Metabolism is emerging as a potentially important factor; however, relative energy production profiles between GCs and cumulus cells and their use of differential substrates under normal in vivo ovulatory conditions are not well understood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study identified metabolic and substrate utilization profiles within ovarian cells in response to the LH surge, using mouse models and GCs of women undergoing gonadotropin-induced oocyte aspiration followed by IVF/ICSI. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS To comprehensively assess follicular energy metabolism, we used real-time metabolic analysis (Seahorse XFe96) to map energy metabolism dynamics (mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation) in mouse GCs and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) across a detailed time course in the lead up to ovulation. In parallel, the metabolic profile of GCs was measured in a cohort of 85 women undergoing IVF/ICSI (n = 21 with normal ovarian function; n = 64 with ovarian infertility) and correlated with clinical parameters and cycle outcomes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Our study reveals dynamic changes in GC energy metabolism in response to ovulatory LH, with mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis differentially affected by obesity versus aging, in both mice and women. High respiration in GCs is associated with failed fertilization (P < 0.05) in a subset of women, while glycolytic reserve and mitochondrial ATP production are correlated with on-time development at Day 3 (P < 0.05) and blastocyst formation (P < 0.01) respectively. These data provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms of infertility, by uncovering significant associations between metabolism within the ovarian follicle and oocyte developmental competence. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A larger prospective study is needed before the metabolic markers that were positively and negatively associated with oocyte quality can be used clinically to predict embryo outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study offers new insights into the importance of GC metabolism for subsequent embryonic development and highlights the potential for therapeutic strategies focused on optimizing mitochondrial metabolism to support embryonic development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). The authors have no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Morimoto
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryan D Rose
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Genea Fertility SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Smith
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Doan T Dinh
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasmyn E Winstanley
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Darryl L Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mlyczyńska E, Rytelewska E, Zaobidna E, Respekta-Długosz N, Kopij G, Dobrzyń K, Kieżun M, Smolińska N, Kamiński T, Rak A. In vitro effect of visfatin on endocrine functions of the porcine corpus luteum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14780. [PMID: 38926439 PMCID: PMC11208563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the expression of visfatin in porcine reproductive tissues and its effect on pituitary endocrinology. The objective of this study was to examine the visfatin effect on the secretion of steroid (P4, E2) and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2α), the mRNA and protein abundance of steroidogenic markers (STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, CYP19A1), prostaglandin receptors (PTGER2, PTGFR), insulin receptor (INSR), and activity of kinases (MAPK/ERK1/2, AKT, AMPK) in the porcine corpus luteum. We noted that the visfatin effect strongly depends on the phase of the estrous cycle: on days 2-3 and 14-16 it reduced P4, while on days 10-12 it stimulated P4. Visfatin increased secretion of E2 on days 2-3, PGE2 on days 2-3 and 10-12, reduced PGF2α release on days 14-16, as well as stimulated the expression of steroidogenic markers on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle. Moreover, visfatin elevated PTGER mRNA expression and decreased its protein level, while we noted the opposite changes for PTGFR. Additionally, visfatin activated ERK1/2, AKT, and AMPK, while reduced INSR phosphorylation. Interestingly, after inhibition of INSR and signalling pathways visfatin action was abolished. These findings suggest a regulatory role of visfatin in the porcine corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Natalia Respekta-Długosz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyń
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Marta Kieżun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Nina Smolińska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kamiński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Plewes MR, Talbott HA, Schott MB, Wood JR, Cupp AS, Davis JS. Unraveling the role of lipid droplets and perilipin 2 in bovine luteal cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23710. [PMID: 38822676 PMCID: PMC11347014 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400260rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Steroidogenic tissues contain cytosolic lipid droplets that are important for steroidogenesis. Perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a structural coat protein located on the surface of lipid droplets in mammalian cells, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid droplet formation and contributing to various cellular processes such as lipid storage and energy homeostasis. Herein, we examine the role that PLIN2 plays in regulating progesterone synthesis in the bovine corpus luteum. Utilizing gene array databases and Western blotting, we have delineated the expression pattern of PLIN2 throughout the follicular to luteal transition. Our findings reveal the presence of PLIN2 in both ovarian follicular and steroidogenic luteal cells, demonstrating an increase in its levels as follicular cells transition into the luteal phase. Moreover, the depletion of PLIN2 via siRNA enhanced progesterone production in small luteal cells, whereas adenovirus-mediated overexpression of both PLIN2 and Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) induced an increase in cytosolic lipid droplet accumulation and decreased hormone-induced progesterone synthesis in these cells. Lastly, in vivo administration of the luteolytic hormone prostaglandin F2α resulted in an upregulation of PLIN2 mRNA and protein expression, accompanied by a decline in serum progesterone. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of PLIN2 in regulating progesterone synthesis in the bovine corpus luteum, as supported by its dynamic expression pattern during the follicular to luteal transition and its responsiveness to luteotropic and luteolytic hormones. We suggest PLIN2 as a potential therapeutic target for modulating luteal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R. Plewes
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Heather A. Talbott
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Micah B. Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Wood
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Andrea S. Cupp
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - John S. Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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de Castro KR, Almeida GHDR, Matsuda M, de Paula Vieira R, Martins MG, Rici REG, Saldiva PHN, Veras MM. Exposure to urban ambient particles (PM2.5) before pregnancy affects the expression of endometrial receptive markers to embryo implantation in mice: Preliminary results. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102368. [PMID: 38583225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution (AP) is one of the main recent concerns in reproductive healthy due to its potential to promote negative outcomes during pregnancy and male and female fertility. Several studies have demonstrated that AP exposure has been linked to increased embryonic implantation failures, alterations in embryonic, fetal and placental development. For a well-succeeded implantation, both competent blastocyst and receptive endometrium are required. Based on the lack of data about the effect of AP in endometrial receptivity, this study aimed to evaluate he particulate matter (PM) exposure impact on uterine receptive markers in mice and associate the alterations to increased implantation failures due to AP. For this study, ten dams per group were exposed for 39 days to either filter (F) or polluted air (CAP). At fourth gestational day (GD4), females were euthanized. Morphological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of uterine and ovarian samples were performed. CAP-exposed females presented a reduced number of corpus luteum; glands and epithelial cells were increased with pinopodes formation impairment. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased LIF protein levels. These preliminary data suggests that PM exposure may exert negative effects on endometrial receptivity by affecting crucial parameters to embryonic implantation as uterine morphological differentiation, corpus luteum quantity and LIF expression during implantation window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ribeiro de Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Matsuda
- Division of Ophthalmology and Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM33), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás -UniEVANGÉLICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Marco Garcia Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rose Eli Grassi Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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5
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Song Y, Ren S, Chen X, Li X, Chen L, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Shen X, Chen Y. Inhibition of MFN1 restores tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in resistant cells by disrupting aberrant mitochondrial fusion dynamics. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216847. [PMID: 38583647 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance presents a major clinical obstacle in the management of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, highlighting the need to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. We showed that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics were involved in TAM resistance by protecting against mitochondrial apoptosis. The dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics were associated with increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased fission, thus preventing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to the cytoplasm following TAM treatment. Dynamin-related GTPase protein mitofusin 1 (MFN1), which promotes fusion, was upregulated in TAM-resistant cells, and high MFN1 expression indicated a poor prognosis in TAM-treated patients. Mitochondrial translocation of MFN1 and interaction between MFN1 and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) were enhanced to promote mitochondrial outer membrane fusion. The interaction of MFN1 and cristae-shaping protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and OPA1 oligomerization were reduced due to augmented OPA1 proteolytic cleavage, and their apoptosis-promoting function was reduced due to cristae remodeling. Furthermore, the interaction of MFN1 and BAK were increased, which restrained BAK activation following TAM treatment. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of MFN1 blocked mitochondrial fusion, restored BAK oligomerization and cytochrome c release, and amplified activation of caspase-3/9, thus sensitizing resistant cells to apoptosis and facilitating the therapeutic effects of TAM both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of MFN1 alleviated TAM-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and promoted TAM resistance in sensitive cells. These results revealed that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics contributes to the development of TAM resistance, suggesting that targeting MFN1-mediated mitochondrial fusion is a promising strategy to circumvent TAM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Targets Discovery and Application, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Targets Discovery and Application, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Xingmei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Targets Discovery and Application, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Xuhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Targets Discovery and Application, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, No.6 Ankang Avenue, Guian New District, Guizhou 561113, China.
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Caram DA, Inserra PIF, Vitullo AD, Leopardo NP. Autophagy favors survival of corpora lutea during the long-lasting pregnancy of the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11220. [PMID: 38755206 PMCID: PMC11099099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Although autophagy and apoptosis have been suggested as cooperative mechanisms, their interaction within the CL of pregnant mammals has not been thoroughly investigated. To understand the collaborative function of autophagy and apoptosis in the CL, we analyzed both mechanisms during pregnancy in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus. This rodent undergoes a decline in progesterone levels during mid-gestation, a reactivation of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal axis, and the incorporation of new functional secondary CL. Our analysis of autophagy markers BECLIN 1 (BECN1), SEQUESTOSOME1 (SQSTM1), Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and anti- and pro-apoptotic markers BCL2 and ACTIVE CASPASE 3 (A-C3) revealed interactive behaviors between both processes. Healthy primary and secondary CL exhibited positive expression of BECN1, SQSTM1, LC3B, and LAMP1, while regressed CL displayed enhanced expression of these autophagy markers along with nuclear A-C3. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a significant formation of autophagic vesicles in regressed CL during full-term pregnancy, whereas healthy CL exhibited a low number of autophagy vesicles. The co-localization between LC3B and SQSTM1 and LC3B with LAMP1 was observed in both healthy and regressed CL during pregnancy, while co-localization of BECN1 and BCL2 was only detected in healthy CL. LC3B and ACTIVE CASPASE 3 co-localization were detected in a subset of luteal cells within the regressing CL. We propose that autophagy could act as a survival mechanism in the CL, allowing the pregnancy to progress until full-term, while also serving as a mechanism to eliminate remnants of regressed CL, thereby providing the necessary space for subsequent follicular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daira A Caram
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo I F Inserra
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo D Vitullo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia P Leopardo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Zhao J, Huang G, Fu Y, Lou Z, Yu H, Wang W, Mao D. Exposure to atrazine stimulates progesterone secretion and induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the ovary of pseudopregnant rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141906. [PMID: 38583534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. As an endocrine disruptor, it causes ovarian dysfunction, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that ATR could affect ovarian steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In the current study, rats aged 28 days were treated with PMSG and HCG to obtain amounts of corpora lutea. Then, rats were injected with ATR (50 mg/kg/day) or saline (0.9%) for 7 days. Sera were collected to detect biochemical indices and progesterone (P4) level, ovaries were collected for antioxidant status, HE, qPCR, and WB analysis. Results showed that ATR exposure affected growth performance as well as serum TP, GLB, and ALB levels, increased serum P4 level and ovarian mRNA and protein levels of StAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B. ATR treatment increased ovarian mRNA and protein levels of CREB but not PKA expression. ATR treatment increased ovarian mRNA abundances of Nrf-2 and Nqo1, MDA level, and decreased SOD, GST, and T-AOC levels. ATR exposure increased the mRNA abundances of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, Il-18, and Inos. ATR exposure increased the mRNA and protein level of Caspase 3 and the ratio of BAX/BCL-2. In conclusion, NRF-2/NQO1 signaling pathway and CREB might be involved in the regulation of ATR in luteal steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | | | - Yuting Fu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhangbo Lou
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dagan Mao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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8
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Mohammadi J, Azari M, Kafi M. The fertility of dairy heifers and cows is not influenced by the follicular wave of the ovulatory follicle. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:138-143. [PMID: 38246626 PMCID: PMC11017093 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the follicular wave on ovarian function and fertility in dairy heifers and lactating cows. In study 1, the estrous cycle of the selected Holstein heifers was initially synchronized using two intra-muscular prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) administrations 11 days apart. Heifers in group FFW (n = 14) received an intra-muscular 500 μg PGF2α administration on day 7 after detecting standing estrus, while Heifers in group SFW (n = 14) were administered PGF2α 13 days after detecting standing estrus. The pregnancy rates of FFW (n = 98) and SFW (n = 100) heifers were also determined 35-37 days after artificial insemination (AI). In Study 2, healthy Holstein lactating cows (n = 28) were randomly assigned to either the FFW (n = 14) or SFW (n = 14) groups. The estrous cycles of the cows were presynchronized using two intra-muscular administrations of PGF2α given 14 days apart. Then, the emergences of the follicular waves were induced using an Ovsynch protocol. The pregnancy rate of FFW (n = 99) versus SFW (n = 98) cows was also determined 35-37 days after AI. The ovulatory follicle and corpus luteum (CL) resulting from the ovulatory follicle of FFW were larger than those of the dominant follicle and the CL of SFW in dairy heifers and lactating cows. However, the pregnancy rate did not differ between the FFW and SFW groups in heifers and lactating cows 35-37 days after AI. In conclusion, although the characteristics of the ovulatory follicles in FFW versus SFW animals differed, the follicular wave in dairy heifers or lactating cows did not affect fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kafi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Sandru F, Dumitrascu MC, Petca A, Petca RC, Roman AM. Progesterone Hypersensitivity in Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Implications for Safety and Efficacy. J Pers Med 2024; 14:79. [PMID: 38248780 PMCID: PMC10817690 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise in the age of childbirth, influenced by changing sociodemographic patterns, has had a notable impact on fertility rates. Simultaneously, assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) have become increasingly prevalent due to advancements in reproductive medicine. The paper explores the intersection between the surge in ARTs and the rising number of iatrogenic autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD). Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, commonly known as progesterone hypersensitivity, manifests itself as a mucocutaneous hypersensitivity syndrome. It is characterized by a wide range of dermatological symptoms, with urticaria and maculopapular rashes being the most prominent signs. Concurrently, systemic symptoms, such as fever, angioedema, and, in severe instances, anaphylaxis, may ensue. This dermatologic condition poses a significant challenge to women of childbearing age. This intricate syndrome frequently manifests itself in conjunction with menstruation or pregnancy as a reaction to physiological fluctuations in endogenous progesterone. However, given that exposure to exogenous progesterone is an integral component of various modern therapies, secondary APD has also been described. Our findings unveil a heightened likelihood of developing secondary progesterone hypersensitivity in ART patients that is attributed to the administration of exogenous progesterone through intramuscular, intravaginal, and oral routes. The study also explores available therapeutic interventions for facilitating viable pregnancies in individuals grappling with autoimmune progesterone dermatitis within the context of ARTs. This comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights into the intricate relationship between reproductive technologies, dermatological challenges, and successful pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatovenerology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Dermatology Department, “Elias” University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Maria Roman
- Dermatology Department, “Elias” University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
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10
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Gao Q, Zhang D, Zhang JL, Wang BJ, Lu CY, Cui S. PGF2alpha Inhibits 20alpha-HSD Expression by Suppressing CK1alpha-induced ERK and SP1 Activation in the Corpus Luteum of Pregnant Mice. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:248-259. [PMID: 37644378 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a luteolytic hormone that promotes parturition in mammals at the end of pregnancy by reducing progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum (CL). In rodents and primates, PGF2α rapidly converts progesterone to 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP) by promoting 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) expression. However, the specific mechanism of 20α-HSD regulation by PGF2α remains unclear. Casein Kinase 1α (CK1α) is a CK1 family member that regulates a variety of physiological functions, including reproductive development. Here, we investigated the effects of CK1α on pregnancy in female mice. Our experiments showed that CK1α is expressed in mouse CL, and its inhibition enhanced progesterone metabolism, decreased progesterone levels, and affected mouse embryo implantation. Further, CK1α mediated the effect of PGF2α on 20α-HSD in mouse luteal cells in vitro. Our results are the first to show that CK1α affects the 20α-HSD mRNA level by affecting the ERK signalling pathway to regulate the expression of the transcription factor SP1. These findings improve our understanding of PGF2α regulation of 20α-HSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Chakravarthi VP, Hung WT, Yellapu NK, Gunewardena S, Christenson LK. LH/hCG Regulation of Circular RNA in Mural Granulosa Cells during the Periovulatory Period in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13078. [PMID: 37685885 PMCID: PMC10488058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicles undergo a series of dynamic changes following the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone including cumulus expansion, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and luteinization. Post-transcriptional gene regulatory events are critical for mediating LH follicular responses, and among all RNA isoforms, circular RNA (circRNA) is one of the most abundant forms present in cells, yet they remain the least studied. Functionally, circRNA can act as miRNA sponges, protein sponges/decoys, and regulators of transcription and translation. In the context of ovarian follicular development, the identity and roles of circRNA are relatively unknown. In the present study, high throughput RNA sequencing of granulosa cells immediately prior to and 4-h after the LH/hCG surge identified 42,381 circRNA originating from 7712 genes. A total of 54 circRNA were identified as differentially expressed between 0-h and 4-h time points (Fold Change ± 1.5, FDR ≤ 0.1), among them 42 circRNA were upregulated and 12 circRNA were downregulated. All differentially expressed circRNA between the 0-h and 4-h groups were subjected to circinteractome analysis and identified networks of circRNA-protein and circRNA-miRNA were further subjected to "micro-RNA target filter analysis" in Ingenuity Pathway Analyses, which resulted in the identification of miRNA targeted mRNAs. A comparison of these circRNA target mRNAs with LH-induced mRNAs identified Runx2, Egfr, Areg, Sult1el, Cyp19a1, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b1 as targets of circKif2, circVcan, circMast4, and circMIIt10. These newly identified LH/hCG-induced circRNA, their target miRNA and protein networks provide new insights into the complex interactions associated with periovulatory follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3075 HLSIC, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (W.-T.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3075 HLSIC, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (W.-T.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3075 HLSIC, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (W.-T.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Lane K. Christenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3075 HLSIC, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (V.P.C.); (W.-T.H.); (S.G.)
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12
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Zhang H, Zheng L, Li C, Jing J, Li Z, Sun S, Xue T, Zhang K, Xue M, Cao C, Ouyang L, Qian Z, Xu R, He Z, Ma R, Chen L, Yao B. Effects of gut microbiota on omega-3-mediated ovary and metabolic benefits in polycystic ovary syndrome mice. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:138. [PMID: 37443082 PMCID: PMC10347784 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder that frequently exhibits low-grade inflammation, pro-oxidant activity, and gut dysbiosis. PCOS has become one of the leading causes of female infertility worldwide. Recently, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proven to benefit metabolic disorders in PCOS patients. However, its roles in the regulation of metabolic and endocrinal balances in PCOS pathophysiology are not clear. In the present study, we aimed to explore how omega-3 PUFAs alleviate ovarian dysfunction and insulin resistance in mice with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS by modulating the gut microbiota. METHODS We induced PCOS in female mice by injecting them with DHEA and then treated them with omega-3 PUFAs. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplicon sequencing, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic treatment were used to evaluate the role of microbiota in the regulation of ovarian functions and insulin resistance (IR) by omega-3 PUFAs. To further investigate the mechanism of gut microbiota on omega-3-mediated ovarian and metabolic protective effects, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in ovaries and thermogenic markers in subcutaneous and brown adipose tissues were investigated. RESULTS We found that oral supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs ameliorates the PCOS phenotype. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that omega-3 PUFA treatment increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, thereby alleviating DHEA-induced gut dysbiosis. Antibiotic treatment and FMT experiments further demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying omega-3 benefits likely involve direct effects on the ovary to inhibit inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18. In addition, the gut microbiota played a key role in the improvement of adipose tissue morphology and function by decreasing multilocular cells and thermogenic markers such as Ucp1, Pgc1a, Cited and Cox8b within the subcutaneous adipose tissues. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that omega-3 PUFAs ameliorate androgen-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of omega-3-mediated IR protective effects in polycystic ovary syndrome mice. Moreover, omega-3 PUFA-regulated improvements in the ovarian dysfunction associated with PCOS likely involve direct effects on the ovary to inhibit inflammation. Our findings suggest that omega-3 supplementation may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of PCOS by modulating gut microbiota and alleviating ovarian dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuwei Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wen Yuan Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongmin Xue
- Reproductive Medical Center, Clinical Medical College (Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital), Yangzhou University, 98 Nantong West Road, Jiangsu, 225001, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kemei Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqi Xue
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Qian
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaowanyue He
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China.
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 212000, Zhenjiang, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wen Yuan Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Department, Nanjing Medical University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Jiangsu, 210002, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 210002, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Plewes MR, Przygrodzka E, Monaco CF, Snider AP, Keane JA, Burns PD, Wood JR, Cupp AS, Davis JS. Prostaglandin F2α regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the bovine corpus luteum. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301968. [PMID: 37188480 PMCID: PMC10185813 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. PGF2α analogues are therapeutically used for regulating mammalian reproductive cycles and blood pressure, inducing term labor, and treating ocular disorders. PGF2α exerts effects via activation of calcium and PKC signaling, however, little is known about the cellular events imposed by PGF2α signaling. Here, we explored the early effects of PGF2α on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in the bovine corpus luteum employing relevant and well characterized in vivo and in vitro approaches. We identified PKC/ERK and AMPK as critical protein kinases essential for activation of mitochondrial fission proteins, DRP1 and MFF. Furthermore, we report that PGF2α elicits increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and promotes receptor-mediated activation of PINK-Parkin mitophagy. These findings place the mitochondrium as a novel target in response to luteolytic mediator, PGF2α. Understanding intracellular processes occurring during early luteolysis may serve as a target for improving fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- U.S Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Emilia Przygrodzka
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Corrine F Monaco
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alexandria P Snider
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jessica A Keane
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Patrick D Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- U.S Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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14
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Cai M, Sun H, Huang Y, Yao H, Zhao C, Wang J, Zhu H. Resveratrol Protects Rat Ovarian Luteinized Granulosa Cells from H 2O 2-Induced Dysfunction by Activating Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10914. [PMID: 37446088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol performs a variety of biological activities, including the potential regulation of autophagy. However, it is unclear whether resveratrol protects against luteal dysfunction and whether autophagy involves the regulation of resveratrol. This study aims to investigate whether resveratrol can regulate autophagy to resist H2O2-induced luteinized granulosa cell dysfunction in vitro. Our results showed that resveratrol can enhance cell viability, stimulate the secretion of progesterone and estradiol, and resist cell apoptosis in H2O2-induced luteinized granulosa cell dysfunction. Resveratrol can activate autophagy by stimulating the expression of autophagy-related genes at the transcriptional and translational levels and increasing the formation of autophagosomes and autophagolysosomes. Rapamycin, 3-methyladenine, and bafilomycin A1 regulated the levels of autophagy-related genes in H2O2-induced luteinized granulosa cell dysfunction and further confirmed the protective role of autophagy activated by resveratrol. In conclusion, resveratrol activates autophagy to resist H2O2-induced oxidative dysfunction, which is crucial for stabilizing the secretory function of luteinized granulosa cells and inhibiting apoptosis. This study may contribute to revealing the protective effects of resveratrol on resisting luteal dysfunction from the perspective of regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cai
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haijuan Sun
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haixu Yao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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15
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Mlyczyńska E, Zaobidna E, Rytelewska E, Dobrzyń K, Kieżun M, Kopij G, Szymańska K, Kurowska P, Dall'Aglio C, Smolińska N, Kamiński T, Rak A. Expression and regulation of visfatin/NAMPT in the porcine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 250:107212. [PMID: 36913896 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin/NAMPT creates a hormonal link between energy metabolism and female reproduction. A recent study documented visfatin expression in the ovary and its action on follicular cells; however, the expression of visfatin in luteal cells is still unknown. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the transcript and protein expression of visfatin as well as its immunolocalization in the corpus luteum (CL) and to examine the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in the regulation of visfatin level in response to LH, insulin, progesterone (P4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α). Corpora lutea were harvested from gilts on days 2-3, 10-12 and 14-16 of the estrous cycle and on days 10-11, 12-13, 15-16 and 27-28 of pregnancy. The current study demonstrated that visfatin expression depends on hormonal status related to the phase of the estrous cycle or early pregnancy. Visfatin was immunolocalized to the cytoplasm of small and large luteal cells. Moreover, visfatin protein abundance was increased by P4, and decreased by both prostaglandins, while LH and insulin have modulatory effects, depending on the phase of the cycle. Interestingly, LH, P4 and PGE2 effects were abolished in response to the inhibition of ERK1/2 kinase. Thus, this study demonstrated that expression of visfatin in the porcine CL is determined by the endocrine status related to the estrous cycle and early pregnancy and by the action of LH, insulin, P4 and prostaglandins via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyń
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kieżun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Szymańska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cecylia Dall'Aglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nina Smolińska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kamiński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Dual role of NR4A1 in porcine ovarian granulosa cell differentiation and granulosa-lutein cell regression in vitro. Theriogenology 2023; 198:292-304. [PMID: 36634443 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of NR4A1 in forskolin (FSK)-induced granulosa cell (GC) differentiation and PGF2α-induced granulosa-lutein cell (GLC) regression. For experiment 1, primary porcine GCs were pre-cultured for 6 d before induced-differentiation by FSK with or without siNR4A1, and changes in GC proliferation, lipid droplets (LDs), and P4 level were detected. For experiment 2, the GLC model was established by FSK as in experiment 1, and then PGF2α was utilized to induce GLC regression with or without siNR4A1, changes in P4 secretion, apoptosis proteins, and associated signaling pathway members were detected. Results showed that in experiment 1, FSK up-regulated NR4A1 expression during GC differentiation and decreased GC proliferation activity, which was reversed by siNR4A1. siNR4A1 inhibited the FSK-induced decreases in Cyclin B1/D1 and CDK1/2 mRNA abundances, and increases in P21/P27 mRNA abundances, and FSK-induced LD accumulation. FSK up-regulated P4 secretion and StAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B expression, decreased CYP19A1 expression, which were reversed by siNR4A1 except for StAR expression. In experiment 2, PGF2α induced NR4A1 expression and reduced GLC viability, which were reversed by siNR4A1. Compared with PGF2α group, the levels of P4 secretion and StAR expression were higher in PGF2α+siNR4A1 group, while CYP11A1 and HSD3B expressions held at low levels. siNR4A1 inhibited PGF2α-induced expression of apoptosis proteins (caspase3, Bax, Fas, TNFa), ATF3, and phosphorylated MAPKs (ERK1/2, P38, JNK). In summary, NR4A1 is involved in regulating porcine GC differentiation and GLC regression as well as the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and MAPK pathways, which provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of porcine luteal formation and regression.
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Lund M, Pearson AC, Sage MAG, Duffy DM. Luteinizing hormone receptor promotes angiogenesis in ovarian endothelial cells of Macaca fascicularis and Homo sapiens†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:258-268. [PMID: 36214501 PMCID: PMC9930396 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis within the ovarian follicle is an important component of ovulation. New capillary growth is initiated by the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), and angiogenesis is well underway at the time of follicle rupture. LH-stimulated follicular production of vascular growth factors has been shown to promote new capillary formation in the ovulatory follicle. The possibility that LH acts directly on ovarian endothelial cells to promote ovulatory angiogenesis has not been addressed. For these studies, ovaries containing ovulatory follicles were obtained from cynomolgus macaques and used for histological examination of ovarian vascular endothelial cells, and monkey ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from ovulatory follicles for in vitro studies. mOMECs expressed LHCGR mRNA and protein, and immunostaining confirmed LHCGR protein in endothelial cells of ovulatory follicles in vivo. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a ligand for LHCGR, increased mOMEC proliferation, migration and capillary-like sprout formation in vitro. Treatment of mOMECs with hCG increased cAMP, a common intracellular signal generated by LHCGR activation. The cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP increased mOMEC proliferation in the absence of hCG. Both the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 blocked hCG-stimulated mOMEC proliferation, suggesting that multiple G-proteins may mediate LHCGR action. Human ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (hOMECs) enriched from ovarian aspirates obtained from healthy oocyte donors also expressed LHCGR. hOMECs also migrated and proliferated in response to hCG. Overall, these findings indicate that the LH surge may directly activate ovarian endothelial cells to stimulate angiogenesis of the ovulatory follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Lund
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Megan A G Sage
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Przygrodzka E, Myszczynski K, Klos J, Ziecik AJ. The Role of Reduced Oxygen Supply and Transcription Factors cJUN and CREB in Progesterone Production during the Corpus Luteum Rescue in Gilts. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202855. [PMID: 36290240 PMCID: PMC9597779 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum plays a fundamental role in regulating reproduction via progesterone production. Still, there is little data on factors regulating the maintenance of luteal function during early pregnancy in gilts. Previous studies emphasize the role of hypoxia and HIF-1 in the regulation of steroidogenic and angiogenic genes expression and progesterone production by ovarian cells. Using the corpus luteum of cyclic and early pregnant gilts we analyzed: (1) the in vitro effects of reduced oxygen tension on progesterone production and mRNA expression of HIF1A and luteal function regulators, STAR and VEGFA; (2) the ex vivo profiles of mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, STAR, VEGFA and transcription factors-cJUN and CREB, regulating STAR expression, in the corpus luteum of cyclic and pregnant gilts. The synthesis of progesterone was gradually inhibited in cyclic or pregnant gilt luteal tissue (on day 13 of cycle or pregnancy) incubated in a decreasing concentration−20%, 10%, and 3% of oxygen (O2). Luteal tissues of pregnant gilts produced trace amounts of progesterone in 10% O2, which was similar to cyclic gilts in 3% O2. HIF1A expression increased after 24 h of incubation in tissues of cyclic gilts in 3% vs. 20% O2 (p < 0.01), whereas levels of STAR and VEGFA increased significantly in cyclic and pregnant gilt tissues incubated in 10% and 3% vs. 20% O2. The ex vivo mRNA expression of HIF1A and VEGFA was elevated (p < 0.001) on day 14 vs. day 12 of pregnancy. The protein expression of HIF-1 and VEGFA increased (p < 0.001), whereas the level of STAR (mRNA and protein) and progesterone dropped (p < 0.001) on day 14 of the estrous cycle vs. a parallel day of pregnancy and/or day 12 of the estrous cycle. The content of phosphorylated cJUN and CREB was elevated (p < 0.01) in the luteal tissue on day 12 or 14 of pregnancy vs. parallel days of the estrous cycle. These increases of phosphorylated cJUN and CREB may be involved in STAR expression in the luteal tissue during early pregnancy in gilts.
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Meccariello R. Central and Local Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095285. [PMID: 35563677 PMCID: PMC9102892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Spatiotemporal expression pattern of miR-205, miR-26a-5p, miR-17-5p, let-7b-5p, and their target genes during different stages of corpus luteum in Egyptian buffaloes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:37. [PMID: 35212793 PMCID: PMC8881532 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background No doubt that the corpus luteum (CL) plays a vital role in the regulation of female cyclicity in mammals. The scenarios among microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes and steroid hormones {estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4)} are required for better understanding the molecular regulation of CL during its formation, maturation, and regression. We aimed to (I) study the changes in the relative abundance of miR-205, miR-26a-5p, miR-17-5p, and let-7b-5p and their target genes: LHCGR, CASP3, PCNA, AMH, and PLA2G3, during different stages of corpus luteum in Egyptian buffaloes, and (II) and to address different scenarios between steroid concentrations in the serum and the expression pattern of selected miRNAs and their targets. Methods The paired ovaries and blood samples were collected from apparently healthy 50 buffalo cows at a private abattoir. The ovaries bearing CL were macroscopically divided according to their morphological structure and color into hemorrhagic (CLH), developing (CLD), mature (CLM), regressed (CLR), and albicans (CLA). Small pieces from different stages of CL (CLH, CLD, CLM, CLR, and CLA) were cut and immediately kept at − 80 °C for total RNA isolation and qRT-PCR. The serum was separated for steroid level estimation. Results The LHCGR was expressed during different stages of CL, and the peak of expression was at the mid-luteal stage. The CASP3 revealed a stage-specific response at different stages of CL. The PCNA has an essential role in cellular proliferation in buffaloes CL. Both expression patterns of PLA2G3 and AMH were found over the various developmental and regression stages. It was noticed that miR-205 is conserved to target LHCGR and CASP3 transcripts. Moreover, CASP3 and AMH were targeted via miR-26a-5p. Additionally, the CASP3 and PLA2G3 were targeted via let-7b-5p. The P4 level reached its peak during CLM. There were positive and negative strong correlations between miRNAs (miR-26a-5p and miR-205), target genes (LHCGR and CASP3) during different stages of CL, and steroid hormones in the serum. Conclusions Taken together, the orchestrated pattern among miRNAs, target genes, and steroid hormones is essential for maintaining the proper development and function of CL in buffalo cows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00320-9.
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Colella M, Cuomo D, Peluso T, Falanga I, Mallardo M, De Felice M, Ambrosino C. Ovarian Aging: Role of Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Hormones and ncRNAs in Regulating Ovarian Mitochondrial Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:791071. [PMID: 34975760 PMCID: PMC8716494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.791071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of mitochondria in the oocyte along with their functions (e.g., energy production, scavenger activity) decline with age progression. Such multifaceted functions support several processes during oocyte maturation, ranging from energy supply to synthesis of the steroid hormones. Hence, it is hardly surprising that their impairment has been reported in both physiological and premature ovarian aging, wherein they are crucial players in the apoptotic processes that arise in aged ovaries. In any form, ovarian aging implies the progressive damage of the mitochondrial structure and activities as regards to ovarian germ and somatic cells. The imbalance in the circulating hormones and peptides (e.g., gonadotropins, estrogens, AMH, activins, and inhibins), active along the pituitary-ovarian axis, represents the biochemical sign of ovarian aging. Despite the progress accomplished in determining the key role of the mitochondria in preserving ovarian follicular number and health, their modulation by the hormonal signalling pathways involved in ovarian aging has been poorly and randomly explored. Yet characterizing this mechanism is pivotal to molecularly define the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in physiological and premature ovarian aging, respectively. However, it is fairly difficult considering that the pathways associated with ovarian aging might affect mitochondria directly or by altering the activity, stability and localization of proteins controlling mitochondrial dynamics and functions, either unbalancing other cellular mediators, released by the mitochondria, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We will focus on the mitochondrial ncRNAs (i.e., mitomiRs and mtlncRNAs), that retranslocate from the mitochondria to the nucleus, as active players in aging and describe their role in the nuclear-mitochondrial crosstalk and its modulation by the pituitary-ovarian hormone dependent pathways. In this review, we will illustrate mitochondria as targets of the signaling pathways dependent on hormones and peptides active along the pituitary/ovarian axis and as transducers, with a particular focus on the molecules retrieved in the mitochondria, mainly ncRNAs. Given their regulatory function in cellular activities we propose them as potential diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Teresa Peluso
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Falanga
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Istituto per l’ endocrinologia e l’oncologia “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Istituto per l’ endocrinologia e l’oncologia “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Concetta Ambrosino,
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