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Parikh SJ, Edara S, Deodhar S, Singh AK, Maekawa K, Zhang Q, Glass KC, Shah MB. Structural and biophysical analysis of cytochrome P450 2C9*14 and *27 variants in complex with losartan. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112622. [PMID: 38852293 PMCID: PMC11285081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1, 2 and 3 families of enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of a majority of the currently available pharmaceutical drugs. The highly polymorphic CYP2C9 predominantly metabolizes many drugs including anticoagulant S-warfarin, anti-hypertensive losartan, anti-diabetic tolbutamide, analgesic ibuprofen, etc. There are >80 single nucleotide changes identified in CYP2C9, many of which significantly alter the clearance of important drugs. Here we report the structural and biophysical analysis of two polymorphic variants, CYP2C9*14 (Arg125His) and CYP2C9*27 (Arg150Leu) complexed with losartan. The X-ray crystal structures of the CYP2C9*14 and *27 illustrate the binding of two losartan molecules, one in the active site near heme and another on the periphery. Both losartan molecules are bound in an identical conformation to that observed in the previously solved CYP2C9 wild-type complex, however, the number of losartan differs from the wild-type structure, which showed binding of three molecules. Additionally, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments reveal a lower binding affinity of losartan with *14 and *27 variants when compared to the wild-type. Overall, the results provide new insights into the effects of these genetic polymorphisms and suggests a possible mechanism contributing to reduced metabolic activity in patients carrying these alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia J Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Sreeja Edara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Shruti Deodhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Ajit K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen C Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Manish B Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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2
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Yuan LJ, Li XY, Ye F, Li XY, Li QQ, Zhong YS, Wang SY, Wang YH, Hu GX, Cai JP, Li JW. Enzymatic activity of 38 CYP2C9 genotypes on ibuprofen. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113926. [PMID: 37406757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ibuprofen, a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used clinically for pain relief and antipyretic treatment worldwide. However, regular or long-term use of ibuprofen may lead to a series of adverse reactions, including gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension and kidney injury. Previous studies have shown that CYP2C9 gene polymorphism plays an important role in the elimination of various drugs, which leads to the variation in drug efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 38 CYP2C9 genotypes on ibuprofen metabolism. METHODS Thirty-eight recombinant human CYP2C9 microsomal enzymes were obtained using a frugiperda 21 insect expression system according to a previously described method. Assessment of the catalytic function of these variants was completed via a mature incubation system: 5 pmol CYP2C9*1 and 38 CYP2C9 variants recombinant human microsomes, 5 μL cytochrome B5, ibuprofen (5-1000 μM), and Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4). The ibuprofen metabolite contents were determined using HPLC analysis. HPLC analysis included a UV detector, Plus-C18 column, and mobile phase [50% acetonitrile and 50% water (containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid)]. The kinetic parameters of the CYP2C9 genotypes were obtained by Michaelis-Menten curve fitting. RESULTS The intrinsic clearance (CLint) of eight variants was not significantly different from CYP2C9*1; four CYP2C9 variants (CYP2C9*38, *44, *53 and *59) showed significantly higher CLint (increase by 35%-230%) than that of the wild-type; the remaining twenty-six variants exhibited significantly reduced CLint (reduced by 30%-99%) compared to that of the wild-type. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic evaluation of the catalytic characteristics of 38 CYP2C9 genotypes involved ibuprofen metabolism. Our results provide a corresponding supplement to studies on CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms and kinetic characteristics of different variants. We need to focus on poor metabolizers (PMs) with severely abnormal metabolic functions, because they are more susceptible to drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children΄s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Shan Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jun-Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Zou LL, Zhao FL, Qi YY, Wang SH, Zhou Q, Geng PW, Zhou YF, Zhang Q, Chen H, Dai DP, Cai JP, Ji FS. Characterization of 15 CYP2J2 variants identified in the Chinese Han population on the metabolism of ebastine and terfenadine in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186824. [PMID: 37288113 PMCID: PMC10242136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene can significantly influence the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, few studies have focused on the polymorphism of CYP2J2 and its impact on drug catalytic activity, especially in the Chinese Han population. In this study, we sequenced the promoter and exon regions of CYP2J2 in 1,163 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals using the multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method. Then, the catalytic activities of the detected CYP2J2 variants were evaluated after recombinant expression in S. cerevisiae microsomes. As a result, CYP2J2*7, CYP2J2*8, 13 variations in the promoter region and 15 CYP2J2 nonsynonymous variants were detected, of which V15A, G24R, V68A, L166F and A391T were novel missense variations. Immunoblotting results showed that 11 of 15 CYP2J2 variants exhibited lower protein expression than wild-type CYP2J2.1. In vitro functional analysis results revealed that the amino acid changes of 14 variants could significantly influence the drug metabolic activity of CYP2J2 toward ebastine or terfenadine. Specifically, 4 variants with relatively higher allele frequencies, CYP2J2.8, 173_173del, K267fs and R446W, exhibited extremely low protein expression and defective catalytic activities for both substrates. Our results indicated that a high genetic polymorphism of CYP2J2 could be detected in the Chinese Han population, and most genetic variations in CYP2J2 could influence the expression and catalytic activity of CYP2J2. Our data significantly enrich the knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and provide new theoretical information for corresponding individualized medication in Chinese and other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Pei-Wu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sui Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chamboko CR, Veldman W, Tata RB, Schoeberl B, Tastan Bishop Ö. Human Cytochrome P450 1, 2, 3 Families as Pharmacogenes with Emphases on Their Antimalarial and Antituberculosis Drugs and Prevalent African Alleles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043383. [PMID: 36834793 PMCID: PMC9961538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine gives individuals tailored medical treatment, with the genotype determining the therapeutic strategy, the appropriate dosage, and the likelihood of benefit or toxicity. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme families 1, 2, and 3 play a pivotal role in eliminating most drugs. Factors that affect CYP function and expression have a major impact on treatment outcomes. Therefore, polymorphisms of these enzymes result in alleles with diverse enzymatic activity and drug metabolism phenotypes. Africa has the highest CYP genetic diversity and also the highest burden of malaria and tuberculosis, and this review presents current general information on CYP enzymes together with variation data concerning antimalarial and antituberculosis drugs, while focusing on the first three CYP families. Afrocentric alleles such as CYP2A6*17, CYP2A6*23, CYP2A6*25, CYP2A6*28, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*18, CYP2C8*2, CYP2C9*5, CYP2C9*8, CYP2C9*9, CYP2C19*9, CYP2C19*13, CYP2C19*15, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*17, CYP2D6*29, and CYP3A4*15 are implicated in diverse metabolic phenotypes of different antimalarials such as artesunate, mefloquine, quinine, primaquine, and chloroquine. Moreover, CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP2C8, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2J2, and CYP1B1 are implicated in the metabolism of some second-line antituberculosis drugs such as bedaquiline and linezolid. Drug-drug interactions, induction/inhibition, and enzyme polymorphisms that influence the metabolism of antituberculosis, antimalarial, and other drugs, are explored. Moreover, a mapping of Afrocentric missense mutations to CYP structures and a documentation of their known effects provided structural insights, as understanding the mechanism of action of these enzymes and how the different alleles influence enzyme function is invaluable to the advancement of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiratidzo R Chamboko
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Wayde Veldman
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Rolland Bantar Tata
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Birgit Schoeberl
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 220 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
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5
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Roberts AG, Stevens JC, Szklarz GD, Scott EE, Kumar S, Shah MB, Halpert JR. Four Decades of Cytochrome P450 2B Research: From Protein Adducts to Protein Structures and Beyond. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:111-122. [PMID: 36310033 PMCID: PMC11022898 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article features selected findings from the senior author and colleagues dating back to 1978 and covering approximately three-fourths of the 60 years since the discovery of cytochrome P450. Considering the vast number of P450 enzymes in this amazing superfamily and their importance for so many fields of science and medicine, including drug design and development, drug therapy, environmental health, and biotechnology, a comprehensive review of even a single topic is daunting. To make a meaningful contribution to the 50th anniversary of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, we trace the development of the research in a single P450 laboratory through the eyes of seven individuals with different backgrounds, perspectives, and subsequent career trajectories. All co-authors are united in their fascination for the structural basis of mammalian P450 substrate and inhibitor selectivity and using such information to improve drug design and therapy. An underlying theme is how technological advances enable scientific discoveries that were impossible and even inconceivable to prior generations. The work performed spans the continuum from: 1) purification of P450 enzymes from animal tissues to purification of expressed human P450 enzymes and their site-directed mutants from bacteria; 2) inhibition, metabolism, and spectral studies to isothermal titration calorimetry, deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and NMR; 3) homology models based on bacterial P450 X-ray crystal structures to rabbit and human P450 structures in complex with a wide variety of ligands. Our hope is that humanizing the scientific endeavor will encourage new generations of scientists to make fundamental new discoveries in the P450 field. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The manuscript summarizes four decades of work from Dr. James Halpert's laboratory, whose investigations have shaped the cytochrome P450 field, and provides insightful perspectives of the co-authors. This work will also inspire future drug metabolism scientists to make critical new discoveries in the cytochrome P450 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Roberts
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.).
| | - Jeffrey C Stevens
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
| | - Grazyna D Szklarz
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
| | - Emily E Scott
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
| | - Manish B Shah
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
| | - James R Halpert
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Georgia, 240 W. Green St., Athens, Georgia (A.G.R.); Unaffiliated (J.C.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (G.D.S.); Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry and the Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (E.E.S.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York (M.B.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, Arizona (J.R.H.)
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6
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Zhang Q, Qi Y, Wang S, Zhao F, Zou L, Zhou Q, Geng P, Hong Y, Yang H, Luo Q, Cai J, Wu H, Wang D, Chen H, Yang J, Dai D. Identification and in vitro functional assessment of 10 CYP2C9 variants found in Chinese Han subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139805. [PMID: 37008923 PMCID: PMC10052410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) participates in about 15% of clinical drug metabolism, and its polymorphism is associated with individual drug metabolism differences, which may lead to the adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, 1163 Chinese Han individuals were recruited to investigate their distribution pattern of CYP2C9 gene and find out the variants that may affect their drug metabolic activities. We successfully developed a multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method and used it for the genetic screening of CYP2C9 in a large scale. Besides the wild type CYP2C9*1, totally 26 allelic variants of CYP2C9 were detected, which included 16 previously reported alleles and 10 new non-synonymous variants that had not been listed on the PharmVar website. The characteristics of these newly detected CYP2C9 variants were then evaluated after co-expressing them with CYPOR in S. cerevisiae microsomes. Immunoblot analysis revealed that except for Pro163Ser, Glu326Lys, Gly431Arg and Ile488Phe, most of newly detected variants showed comparable protein expression levels to wild type in yeast cells. Two typical CYP2C9 probe drugs, losartan and glimepiride, were then used for the evaluation of metabolic activities of variants. As a result, 3 variants Thr301Met, Glu326Lys, and Gly431Arg almost lost their catalytic activities and most of other variants exhibited significantly elevated activities for drug metabolism. Our data not only enriches the knowledge of naturally occurring CYP2C9 variants in the Chinese Han population, but also provides the fundamental evidence for its potential clinical usage for personalized medicine in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Fangling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Luo
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Hualan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Jiefu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
| | - Dapeng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Dai, ; Jiefu Yang, ; Hao Chen,
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7
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Ye L, Ngan DK, Xu T, Liu Z, Zhao J, Sakamuru S, Zhang L, Zhao T, Xia M, Simeonov A, Huang R. Prediction of drug-induced liver injury and cardiotoxicity using chemical structure and in vitro assay data. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116250. [PMID: 36150479 PMCID: PMC9561045 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and cardiotoxicity (DICT) are major adverse effects triggered by many clinically important drugs. To provide an alternative to in vivo toxicity testing, the U.S. Tox21 consortium has screened a collection of ∼10K compounds, including drugs in clinical use, against >70 cell-based assays in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) format. In this study, we compiled reference compound lists for DILI and DICT and compared the potential of Tox21 assay data with chemical structure information in building prediction models for human in vivo hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Models were built with four different machine learning algorithms (e.g., Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Machine) and model performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Chemical structure-based models showed reasonable predictive power for DILI (best AUC-ROC = 0.75 ± 0.03) and DICT (best AUC-ROC = 0.83 ± 0.03), while Tox21 assay data alone only showed better than random performance. DILI and DICT prediction models built using a combination of assay data and chemical structure information did not have a positive impact on model performance. The suboptimal predictive performance of the assay data is likely due to insufficient coverage of an adequately predictive number of toxicity mechanisms. The Tox21 consortium is currently expanding coverage of biological response space with additional assays that probe toxicologically important targets and under-represented pathways that may improve the prediction of in vivo toxicity such as DILI and DICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Deborah K Ngan
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tuan Xu
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Zhichao Liu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tongan Zhao
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- Division of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Inhibition of CYP2C8 by Acyl Glucuronides of Gemfibrozil and Clopidogrel: Pharmacological Significance, Progress and Challenges. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091218. [PMID: 36139056 PMCID: PMC9496539 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid-regulating drug gemfibrozil is a useful medication for reducing high cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. In addition to oxidation, it undergoes extensive glucuronidation to produce gemfibrozil acyl glucuronide, which is a known mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8. Such selective and time-dependent inhibition results in clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDI) with the drugs metabolized by CYP2C8. Similarly, the acyl glucuronide of clopidogrel, a widely used antiplatelet agent, is a potent time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C8 that demonstrated significant DDI with the substrates of CYP2C8. Current progress in atomic-level understanding mostly involves studying how different drugs bind and undergo oxidation in the active site of CYPs. It is not clear how an acyl glucuronide metabolite of the drug gemfibrozil or clopidogrel interacts in the active site of CYP2C8 and selectively inhibit the enzyme. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on some of the important clinical DDI caused by gemfibrozil and clopidogrel due to the inhibition of CYP2C8 by acyl glucuronide metabolites of these drugs. Importantly, it examines recent developments and potential applications of structural biology tools to elucidate the binding and orientation of gemfibrozil acyl glucuronide and clopidogrel acyl glucuronide in the active site near heme that contributes to the inhibition and inactivation of CYP2C8.
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