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Wang Z, Wang X, Xu S, Zhou R, Zhang M, Li W, Zhang Z, Wang L, Chen J, Zhang J, Guo L, Pei D, Liu D, Rong M. Off-site production of plasma-activated water for efficient disinfection: The crucial role of high valence NO x and new chemical pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 267:122541. [PMID: 39368185 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Efficient disinfection of pathogens is a critical concern for environmental disinfection and clinical anti-infective treatment. Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a promising alternative to chemical disinfectants and antibiotics for its strong disinfection ability and not inducing any acute toxicity. Previous plasma sources are commonly placed near or fully in contact with water as possible for more efficient activation, but the risk of electrode corrosion and metal particle contamination of water threatens the safety and stability of PAW. In this work, plasma-activated gas (PAG) rich in high-valence NOx is generated by a hybrid plasma configuration and introduced into water for off-site PAW production. It is found that plasma-generated O3 dominates the gas-phase reactions for the formation of high-valence NOx. With the time-evolution of O3 concentration, the gaseous NO3 radicals are produced behind N2O5 formation, but will be decomposed before N2O5 quenching. By decoupling the roles of gaseous NO3, N2O5, and O3 in the water activation, results show that short-lived aqueous species induced by gaseous NO3 radicals play the most crucial role in PAW disinfection, and the acidic environment induced by N2O5 is also beneficial for microbial inactivation. Moreover, SEM photographs and biomacromolecule leakage assays demonstrate that PAW disrupts the cell membranes of bacteria and thus achieves inactivation. In real-life applications, an integrated device for off-site PAW production with a yield of 2 L/h and a bactericidal efficiency of >99.9 % is developed. The PAW of 50 mL produced in 3 min using this device is more effective in disinfection than 0.5 % NaClO and 3 % H2O2 with the same bacterial contact time. Overall, this work provides new avenues for efficient PAW production and deepens insights into the fundamental chemical processes that govern the reactive chemistry in PAW for environmental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shenghang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Renwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Luge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jinkun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Zhao H, Meng W, Lv X, Li J, Cai Z, Guo X, Wang Z, Guo L, Rong M, Shen C, Liu D, Song L. Nebulized inhalation of plasma-activated water in the treatment of progressive moderate COVID-19 patients with antiviral treatment failure: a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:960. [PMID: 39266946 PMCID: PMC11391605 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiviral drugs show significant efficacy in non-severe COVID-19 cases, yet there remains a subset of moderate COVID-19 patients whose pneumonia continues to progress post a complete course of treatment. Plasma-activated water (PAW) possesses anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. To explore the potential of PAW in improving pneumonia in COVID-19 patients following antiviral treatment failure, we conducted this study. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled trial. Moderate COVID-19 patients with antiviral treatment failure were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. They inhaled nebulized PAW or saline respectively. This was done twice daily for four consecutive days. We assessed improvement in chest CT on day 5, the rate of symptom resolution within 10 days, and safety. RESULTS A total of 23 participants were included, with 11 receiving PAW and 12 receiving saline. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable. The experimental group showed a higher improvement rate in chest CT on day 5 (81.8% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.036). The cumulative disappearance rate of cough within 10 days was higher in the experimental group. Within 28 days, 4 patients in each group progressed to severe illness, and no patients died. No adverse reactions were reported from inhaling nebulized PAW. CONCLUSION This pilot trial preliminarily confirmed that nebulized inhalation of PAW can alleviate pneumonia in moderate COVID-19 patients with antiviral treatment failure, with no adverse reactions observed. This still needs to be verified by large-scale studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; No.: ChiCTR2300078706 (retrospectively registered, 12/15/2023); URL: www.chictr.org.cn .
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wanting Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhigui Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xingxing Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of PET-CT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Liqiang Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Wang Z, Xu S, Wang X, Liu D, Li W, Zhou R, Yue Q, Zhang P, Zhang J, Zhang H, Guo L, Pei D, Rong M. Secondary activation on plasma-activated water by plasma-treated cotton for restoring and enhancing disinfection effect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135833. [PMID: 39276732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel antimicrobial agent with negligible toxicity and environmental burden, holding promise as an alternative to chemical disinfectants and antibiotics. In practice, liquid disinfectants are often soaked with cotton materials before further use. Rich in reducing functional groups on the surface, cotton will inevitably react with PAW, leading to the deterioration of PAW's functions. To resolve this issue, this work proposes a new concept of "secondary activation" for retaining and enhancing PAW's bioactivity, i.e., pre-treating cotton with air plasma before soaking PAW. For the first time, we find that the PAW absorbed by raw cotton completely loses its bactericidal effect, while plasma-treated cotton (PTC) restores the disinfection capacity and prolongs its effective duration. This restoration is attributed to the absorption of plasma-generated reactive species by cotton with oxidizing and nitrifying modifications on the fiber surface. Consequently, the concentrations of aqueous species in PAW increase rather than decrease after absorption by PTC. In addition, the PTC after 28-day storage can still enable PAW to achieve a bacterial reduction of ∼3 logs. This work identifies and addresses a crucial limitation in the disinfection application of PAW and elucidates the mechanism underlying PTC production and secondary activation of PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shenghang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Frontier Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Wanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Rusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiuyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Mahmoud UT, El-Reda GA, Ali FAZ, Mahmoud MAM, Abd-Allah SMS, El-Hossary FM, Khalil NSA. Plasma activated water effects on behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical changes, and histopathological alterations in quail. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:391. [PMID: 39232745 PMCID: PMC11373218 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma-activated water (PAW) is an innovative promising technology which could be applied to improve poultry health. The current study investigated the effects of drinking water supply with PAW on quail behaviour, performance, biochemical parameters, carcass quality, intestinal microbial populations, and internal organs histopathology. A total of 54 twenty-one-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly allotted to three treatments provided with PAW at doses 0, 1 ml (PAW-1), and 2 ml (PAW-2) per one litter drinking water. Each treatment contained 6 replicates (3 birds/ cage; one male and two females). RESULTS The results clarified that there were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in behaviour, and performance. For the biochemical indicators, the PAW-1 group showed significantly higher serum H2O2, total protein and globulin levels compared with the other groups (P = 0.015, < 0.001, and 0.019; respectively). PAW groups had significantly lower serum creatinine and urea levels than the control (P = 0.003). For the carcass quality, the internal organs relative weight between different treatments was not changed. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the meat colour, taste, and overall acceptance scores in PAW groups compared with the control one (P = 0.013, 0.001, and < 0.001; respectively). For the intestinal microbial population, lactobacilli count was significantly higher in PAW-2 compared with the control group (P = 0.014), while there were no changes in the total bacterial count between different treatment groups. Moreover, mild histological changes were recorded in the intestine, liver, and spleen of PAW groups especially PAW-2 compared with the control one. CONCLUSIONS PAW offered benefits, such as reducing creatine and urea levels, improving meat characteristics, and increasing lactobacilli count, all of which are crucial for sustainable quail farming. Therefore, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama T Mahmoud
- Department of Animal, poultry and aquatic life behavior and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Abd El-Reda
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Manal A M Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sherief M S Abd-Allah
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology (Meat Hygiene, Safety and Technology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - F M El-Hossary
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Assiut, Egypt
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El-Reda GA, Mahmoud UT, Ali FAZ, Abdel-Maksoud FM, Mahmoud MAM, El-Hossary FM. Neurobehavioral toxicity of Cold plasma activated water following oral gavage in mice. Neurotoxicology 2024; 105:45-57. [PMID: 39216604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cold plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel technology that was recently used in biomedical research; Despite its potential, PAW's safety remains inadequately assessed. The study explores the impact of PAW on behavioral responses and brain tissue histopathology in mice. Ten-week-old female albino mice were divided into three groups each containing 10 mice (5 replicates, 2 mice/cage) and received either distilled water (DW), or distilled water exposed to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for 3 min (PAW-3), or 15 min (PAW-15) by oral gavage in a dose of 200 μL/mice (3 times/week) for four weeks. PAW exhibited altered physicochemical properties compared to DW. Mice exposed to PAW demonstrated reduced burrowing activity, marble burying ability, and novel object recognition compared to controls, indicating potential neurobehavioral alterations. PAW-treated groups displayed notable histological lesions in brain tissues, including nerve cell necrosis, vascular congestion, and Purkinje cell degeneration, confirming neurotoxic effects. Positive reactions for NF-κB and iNOS in brain tissues of PAW-treated mice corroborated the histopathological findings, suggesting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The study highlights the need for further investigation into PAW's safety profile and optimal treatment protocols to mitigate potential neurobehavioral toxicity in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abd El-Reda
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Usama T Mahmoud
- Department of Animal, poultry and aquatic life behavior and management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Manal A M Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Hygiene and environmental pollution, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - F M El-Hossary
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Herianto S, Arcega RD, Hou CY, Chao HR, Lee CC, Lin CM, Mahmudiono T, Chen HL. Chemical decontamination of foods using non-thermal plasma-activated water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162235. [PMID: 36791866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of chemical contaminants in foods and agricultural products is one of the major safety issues worldwide, posing a serious concern to human health. Nonthermal plasma (NTP) containing richly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been trialed as a potential decontamination method. Yet, this technology comes with multiple downsides, including adverse effects on the quality of treated foods and limited exposure to entire surfaces on samples with hard-to-reach spots, further hindering real-life applications. Therefore, plasma-activated water (PAW) has been recently developed to facilitate the interactions between RONS and contaminant molecules in the liquid phase, allowing a whole surface treatment with efficient chemical degradation. Here, we review the recent advances in PAW utilized as a chemical decontamination agent in foods. The reaction mechanisms and the main RONS contributors involved in the PAW-assisted removal of chemical contaminants are briefly outlined. Also, the comprehensive effects of these treatments on food qualities (chemical and physical characteristics) and toxicological evaluation of PAW (in vitro and in vivo) are thoroughly discussed. Ultimately, we identified some current challenges and provided relevant suggestions, which can further promote PAW research for real-life applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herianto
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry (Chemical Biology Division), College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rachelle D Arcega
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Lin
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Kajiyama H. Current understanding of Plasma-activated solutions for potential cancer therapy. Free Radic Res 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36944223 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2193308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy consists of multidisciplinary treatment combining surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite the elucidation of cancer mechanisms by comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analyses and the development of molecular therapy, drug resistance and severe side effects have presented challenges to the long-awaited development of new therapies. With the rapid technological advances in the last decade, there are now reports concerning potential applications of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) in cancer therapy. Two approaches have been tried: direct irradiation with NEAPP (direct plasma) and the administration of a liquid (e.g., culture medium, saline, Ringer's lactate) activated by NEAPP (plasma-activated solutions: PAS). Direct plasma is a unique treatment method in which various active species, charged ions, and photons are delivered to the affected area, but the direct plasma approach has physical limitations related to the device used, such as a limited depth of reach and limited irradiation area. PAS is a liquid that contains reactive oxygen species generated by PAS, and it has been confirmed to have antitumor activity that functions in the same manner as direct plasma. This review introduces recent studies of PAS and informs researchers about the potential of PAS for cancer therapy.Key Policy HighlightsPotential applications of plasma-activated solutions (PAS) in cancer therapy are described.Plasma-activated species generated in PAS, its effect on tumor cells, contribution to non-malignant immune cells, selectivity and safety are presented.The proposed anti-tumor mechanisms of PAS to date are described.Efficacy and safety evaluations of PAS have been studied in experimental animal models, but no human studies have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Nagoya
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Gonzales LISA, Qiao JW, Buffier AW, Rogers LJ, Suchowerska N, McKenzie DR, Kwan AH. An omics approach to delineating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological effects of physical plasma. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011312. [PMID: 38510160 PMCID: PMC10903421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of physical plasma to treat cancer is an emerging field, and interest in its applications in oncology is increasing rapidly. Physical plasma can be used directly by aiming the plasma jet onto cells or tissue, or indirectly, where a plasma-treated solution is applied. A key scientific question is the mechanism by which physical plasma achieves selective killing of cancer over normal cells. Many studies have focused on specific pathways and mechanisms, such as apoptosis and oxidative stress, and the role of redox biology. However, over the past two decades, there has been a rise in omics, the systematic analysis of entire collections of molecules in a biological entity, enabling the discovery of the so-called "unknown unknowns." For example, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have helped to uncover molecular mechanisms behind the action of physical plasma, revealing critical pathways beyond those traditionally associated with cancer treatments. This review showcases a selection of omics and then summarizes the insights gained from these studies toward understanding the biological pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in physical plasma treatment. Omics studies have revealed how reactive species generated by plasma treatment preferentially affect several critical cellular pathways in cancer cells, resulting in epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes that promote cell death. Finally, this review considers the outlook for omics in uncovering both synergies and antagonisms with other common cancer therapies, as well as in overcoming challenges in the clinical translation of physical plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou I. S. A. Gonzales
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica W. Qiao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aston W. Buffier
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ann H. Kwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Lee CM, Jeong YIL, Lim YK, Kook JK, Yang SW, Kook MS, Kim BH. The effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the formation of reactive oxygen species and treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm in vitro for application in treatment of peri-implantitis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Production, characterization, microbial inhibition, and in vivo toxicity of cold atmospheric plasma activated water. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effect of the pH on the Antibacterial Potential and Cytotoxicity of Different Plasma-Activated Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213893. [PMID: 36430372 PMCID: PMC9693261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, different plasma-activated liquids were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, as well as for their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. The PALs were prepared from distilled (DIS), deionized (DI), filtered (FIL), and tap (TAP) water. Additionally, 0.9% NaCl saline solution (SAL) was plasma-activated. These PALs were prepared using 5 L/min air gliding arc plasma jet for up to 60.0 min of exposure. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties, such as, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), the pH, the conductivity, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) were characterized by a water multiparameter. The PALs obtained showed a drastic decrease in the pH with increasing plasma exposure time, in contrast, the conductivity and TDS increased. In a general trend, the UV-vis analyses identified a higher production of the following reactive species of nitrogen and oxygen (RONS), HNO2, H2O2, NO3-, and NO2-. Except for the plasma-activated filtered water (PAW-FIL), where there was a change in the position of NO2- and NO3- at some pHs, The higher production of HNO2 and H2O2-reactive species was observed at a low pH. Finally, the standardized suspensions of Escherichia coli were exposed to PAL for up to 60.0 min. The plasma-activated deionized water (PAW-DI pH 2.5), plasma-activated distilled water (PAW-DIS pH 2.5 and 3), and plasma-activated tap water (PAW-TAP 3.5) showed the best antimicrobial effects at exposure times of 3.0, 10.0, and 30.0 min, respectively. The MTT analysis demonstrated low toxicity of all of the PAL samples. Our results indicate that the plasma activation of different liquids using the gliding arc system can generate specific physicochemical conditions that produce excellent antibacterial effects for E. coli with a safe application, thus bringing future contributions to creating new antimicrobial protocols.
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Limanowski R, Yan D, Li L, Keidar M. Preclinical Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143461. [PMID: 35884523 PMCID: PMC9316208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is generated in a rapid yet low-energy input streamer-discharge process at atmospheric pressure conditions. CAP is an ionized gas with a low ionization level and plenty of reactive species and radicals. These reactive components, and their near-room temperature nature, make CAP a powerful tool in medical applications, particularly cancer therapy. Here, we summarized the latest development and status of preclinical applications of CAP in cancer therapy, which may guide further clinical studies of CAP-based cancer therapy. Abstract CAP is an ionized gas generated under atmospheric pressure conditions. Due to its reactive chemical components and near-room temperature nature, CAP has promising applications in diverse branches of medicine, including microorganism sterilization, biofilm inactivation, wound healing, and cancer therapy. Currently, hundreds of in vitro demonstrations of CAP-based cancer treatments have been reported. However, preclinical studies, particularly in vivo studies, are pivotal to achieving a final clinical application. Here, we comprehensively introduced the research status of the preclinical usage of CAP in cancer treatment, by primarily focusing on the in vivo studies over the past decade. We summarized the primary research strategies in preclinical and clinical studies, including transdermal CAP treatment, post-surgical CAP treatment, CAP-activated solutions treatment, and sensitization treatment to drugs. Finally, the underlying mechanism was discussed based on the latest understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Limanowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Dayun Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (M.K.)
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Jirešová J, Scholtz V, Julák J, Šerá B. Comparison of the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water and Artificially Prepared Plasma-Activated Water on Wheat Grain Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1471. [PMID: 35684244 PMCID: PMC9183031 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the use of low-temperature plasmas and plasma-activated water (PAW) in various areas of biological research. In addition to its use in medicine, especially for low-temperature disinfection and sterilization, a number of works using plasma in various fields of agriculture have already appeared. While direct plasma action involves the effects of many highly reactive species with short lifetimes, the use of PAW involves the action of only long-lived particles. A number of articles have shown that the main stable components of PAW are H2O2, O3, HNO2, and HNO3. If so, then it would be faster and much more practical to artificially prepare PAW by directly mixing these chemicals in a given ratio. In this article, we review the literature describing the composition and properties of PAW prepared by various methods. We also draw attention to an otherwise rather neglected fact, that there are no significant differences between the action of PAW and artificially prepared PAW. The effect of PAW on the properties of wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) was determined. PAW exposure increased germination, shoot length, and fresh and dry shoot weight. The root length and R/S length, i.e., the ratio between the underground (R) and aboveground (S) length of the wheat seedlings, slightly decreased, while the other parameters changed only irregularly or not at all. Grains artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli were significantly decontaminated after only one hour of exposure to PAW, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae decontamination required soaking for 24 h. The differences between the PAW prepared by plasma treatment and the PAW prepared by artificially mixing the active ingredients, i.e., nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, proved to be inconsistent and statistically insignificant. Therefore, it may be sufficient for further research to focus only on the effects of artificial PAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jirešová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Božena Šerá
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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14
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Min T, Xie X, Ren K, Sun T, Wang H, Dang C, Zhang H. Therapeutic Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Solid Tumor. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:884887. [PMID: 35646968 PMCID: PMC9139675 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.884887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease, and there is no particularly effective treatment at present. Recently, a new treatment, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), has been proposed. At present, CAP is confirmed to have selective killing effect on tumor by many studies in vitro and in vivo. A targeted literature search was carried out on the study of cold atmospheric plasma. Through analysis and screening, a narrative review approach was selected to describe therapeutic effects of cold atmospheric plasma on solid tumor. According to the recent studies on plasma, some hypothetical therapeutic schemes of CAP are proposed in this paper. The killing mechanism of CAP on solid tumor is expounded in terms of the selectivity of CAP to tumor, the effects of CAP on cells, tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune system. CAP has many effects on solid tumors, and these effects are dose-dependent. The effects of optimal doses of CAP on solid tumors include killing tumor cells, inhibiting non-malignant cells and ECM in TME, affecting the communication between tumor cells, and inducing immunogenic death of tumor cells. In addition, several promising research directions of CAP are proposed in this review, which provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Min
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaijie Ren
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuanhe Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxue Dang
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Hao Zhang
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Milhan NVM, Chiappim W, Sampaio ADG, Vegian MRDC, Pessoa RS, Koga-Ito CY. Applications of Plasma-Activated Water in Dentistry: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084131. [PMID: 35456947 PMCID: PMC9029124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of water by non-thermal plasma creates a liquid with active constituents referred to as plasma-activated water (PAW). Due to its active constituents, PAW may play an important role in different fields, such as agriculture, the food industry and healthcare. Plasma liquid technology has received attention in recent years due to its versatility and good potential, mainly focused on different health care purposes. This interest has extended to dentistry, since the use of a plasma–liquid technology could bring clinical advantages, compared to direct application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs). The aim of this paper is to discuss the applicability of PAW in different areas of dentistry, according to the published literature about NTAPPs and plasma–liquid technology. The direct and indirect application of NTAPPs are presented in the introduction. Posteriorly, the main reactors for generating PAW and its active constituents with a role in biomedical applications are specified, followed by a section that discusses, in detail, the use of PAW as a tool for different oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-991851206
| | - William Chiappim
- Plasma and Processes Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil; (W.C.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Aline da Graça Sampaio
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
| | - Mariana Raquel da Cruz Vegian
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
| | - Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
- Plasma and Processes Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes 50, São José dos Campos 12228-900, Brazil; (W.C.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil; (A.d.G.S.); (M.R.d.C.V.); (C.Y.K.-I.)
- Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo 12247-016, Brazil
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