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Payuhakrit W, Panpinyaporn P, Khumsri W, Yusakul G, Praphasawat R, Nuengchamnong N, Palipoch S. Enhancing chronic wound healing with Thai indigenous rice variety, Kaab Dum: Exploring ER stress and senescence inhibition in HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302662. [PMID: 38748716 PMCID: PMC11095683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaab Dum, a prominent indigenous rice variety cultivated in the Pak Phanang Basin of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, is the focus of our study. We investigate the therapeutic potential of indigenous Kaab Dum rice extract in the context of chronic wounds. Our research encompasses an examination of the nutritional compositions and chemical profiles of Kaab Dum rice extract. Additionally, we assess how the extract affects chronic wounds in TGF-β-induced HaCaT cells. Our evaluation methods include the detection of cellular oxidative stress, the examination of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, wound healing assays, analysis of cell cycle arrest and the study of cellular senescence through senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Our research findings demonstrate that TGF-β induces oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, which subsequently triggers ER stress, confirmed by the expression of the PERK protein. This ER stress results in cell cycle arrest in HaCaT cells, characterized by an increase in p21 protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). Ultimately, this leads to cellular senescence, as confirmed by SA-β-gal staining. Importantly, our study reveals the effectiveness of Kaab Dum rice extract in promoting wound healing in the chronic wound model. The extract reduces ER stress and senescent cells. These beneficial effects are potentially linked to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the rice extract. The findings of our study have the potential to make significant contributions to the development of enhanced products for both the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchuda Payuhakrit
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wilunplus Khumsri
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gorrawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Ratsada Praphasawat
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Lab Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Palipoch
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Reddy AP, Rawat P, Rohr N, Alvir R, Bisht J, Bushra MA, Luong J, Reddy AP. Role of Serotonylation and SERT Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0328. [PMID: 38607731 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is implicated mainly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reported to be responsible for several processes and roles in the human body, such as regulating sleep, food intake, sexual behavior, anxiety, and drug abuse. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin also functions as a signal between neurons to mature, survive, and differentiate. It plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity, including cell migration and cell contact formation. Various psychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease, have been linked to an increase in serotonin-dependent signaling during the development of the nervous system. Recent studies have found 5-HT and other monoamines embedded in the nuclei of various cells, including immune cells, the peritoneal mast, and the adrenal medulla. Evidence suggests these monoamines to be involved in widespread intracellular regulation by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. Serotonylation is the calcium-dependent process in which 5-HT forms a long-lasting covalent bond to small cytoplasmic G-proteins by endogenous transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Serotonylation plays a role in various biological processes. The purpose of our article is to summarize historical developments and recent advances in serotonin research and serotonylation in depression, aging, AD, and other age-related neurological diseases. We also discussed several of the latest developments with Serotonin, including biological functions, pathophysiological implications and therapeutic strategies to treat patients with depression, dementia, and other age-related conditions.
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Pan B, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Xiao Q, Chen W, Wang J, Chen F, Yan S, Liu Y. Potential roles of HSYA in attenuating sepsis-induced liver injury through multi-omics analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115801. [PMID: 37924577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis, in which gut dysbiosis plays a crucial role. Hydroxyl safflower yellow A (HSYA), an important component of safflower, has been used to treat liver injury in animal models. However, its role in sepsis-induced liver dysfunction and the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we first discussed the discrepancy in the gut microbiota between the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and HSYA groups using 16 S RNA sequencing. Our data demonstrated that HSYA supplementation significantly decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Campylobacterota, and further decreased the abundance of Bacteroidota, suggesting that the protective effects of HSYA against sepsis-induced liver injury may be partially attributed to the alteration of these bacteria. In addition, the metabolomic data identified 823 differentially expressed metabolites associated with sepsis-induced liver injury. After HSYA supplementation, the levels of 56 metabolites were restored to sham-like levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 4990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sham and CLP groups, and after HSYA injection, 1613 genes were modulated. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the enrichment pathways of the 903 DEGs mainly focused on inflammatory responses, amino acid metabolism, and Lipid reactions. In conclusion, our study revealed the potential mechanism of action of HSYA in sepsis-induced liver injury through a comprehensive analysis of 16 S RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, thus providing a theoretical basis for further clinical applications of HSYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), China
| | - Ying Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), China
| | - Jia Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), China
| | - Fang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), China
| | - Shifan Yan
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), China; Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Deutz NE, Haines KL, Wischmeier PE, Engelen MP. Amino acid kinetics in the critically ill. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:61-69. [PMID: 37997794 PMCID: PMC10841855 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stable isotope methods have been used for many years to assess whole body protein and amino acid kinetics in critically ill patients. In recent years, new isotope approaches and tracer insights have been developed. The tracer pulse approach has some advantages above the established primed-continuous tracer infusion approach because of the high amount of metabolic information obtained, easy applicability, and low tracer costs. Effects of disease severity and sex on amino acid kinetics in ICU patients will also be addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Current knowledge was synthesized on specific perturbations in amino acid metabolism in critically ill patients, employing novel methodologies such as the pulse tracer approach and computational modeling. Variations were evaluated in amino acid production and linked to severity of critical illness, as measured by SOFA score, and sex. Production of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine, tau-methylhistidine and hydroxyproline were elevated in critical illness, likely related to increased transamination of the individual BCAAs or increased breakdown of proteins. Citrulline production was reduced, indicative of impaired gut mucosa function. Sex and disease severity independently influenced amino acid kinetics in ICU patients. SUMMARY Novel tracer and computational approaches have been developed to simultaneously measure postabsorptive kinetics of multiple amino acids that can be used in critical illness. The collective findings lay the groundwork for targeted individualized nutritional strategies in ICU settings aimed at enhancing patient outcomes taking into account disease severity and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas E.P. Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Texas A&M University
| | - Krista L. Haines
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital
| | - Paul E. Wischmeier
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital
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Al-Shalan HAM, Zhou L, Dong Z, Wang P, Nicholls PK, Boughton B, Stumbles PA, Greene WK, Ma B. Systemic perturbations in amino acids/amino acid derivatives and tryptophan pathway metabolites associated with murine influenza A virus infection. Virol J 2023; 20:270. [PMID: 37990229 PMCID: PMC10664681 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) is the only influenza virus causing flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). Influenza (the flu) is a highly contagious disease that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups. Worldwide, these annual epidemics are estimated to result in about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and in about 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory deaths. We intend to reveal the effect of IAV infection on the host's metabolism, immune response, and neurotoxicity by using a mouse IAV infection model. METHODS 51 metabolites of murine blood plasma (33 amino acids/amino acid derivatives (AADs) and 18 metabolites of the tryptophan pathway) were analyzed by using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization at the acute (7 days post-infection (dpi)), resolution (14 dpi), and recovery (21 dpi) stages of the virus infection in comparison with controls. RESULTS Among the 33 biogenic amino acids/AADs, the levels of five amino acids/AADs (1-methylhistidine, 5-oxoproline, α-aminobutyric acid, glutamine, and taurine) increased by 7 dpi, whereas the levels of ten amino acids/AADs (4-hydroxyproline, alanine, arginine, asparagine, cysteine, citrulline, glycine, methionine, proline, and tyrosine) decreased. By 14 dpi, the levels of one AAD (3-methylhistidine) increased, whereas the levels of five amino acids/AADs (α-aminobutyric acid, aminoadipic acid, methionine, threonine, valine) decreased. Among the 18 metabolites from the tryptophan pathway, the levels of kynurenine, quinolinic acid, hydroxykynurenine increased by 7 dpi, whereas the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and nicotinamide riboside decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our data may facilitate understanding the molecular mechanisms of host responses to IAV infection and provide a basis for discovering potential new mechanistic, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda A M Al-Shalan
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology/Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Lu Zhou
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhifan Dong
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Philip K Nicholls
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Berin Boughton
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne K Greene
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
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Gupta SK, Vyavahare S, Duchesne Blanes IL, Berger F, Isales C, Fulzele S. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism: Impacts on health, aging, and disease. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112319. [PMID: 37898179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the host is pivotal in maintaining homeostasis and health. Dietary tryptophan (TRP) metabolism initiates a cascade of essential endogenous metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, serotonin, and melatonin, as well as microbiota-derived Trp metabolites like tryptamine, indole propionic acid (IPA), and other indole derivatives. Notably, tryptamine and IPA, among the indole metabolites, exert crucial roles in modulating immune, metabolic, and neuronal responses at both local and distant sites. Additionally, these metabolites demonstrate potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The levels of microbiota-derived TRP metabolites are intricately linked to the gut microbiota's health, which, in turn, can be influenced by age-related changes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the cellular and molecular impacts of tryptamine and IPA on health and aging-related complications. Furthermore, we explore the levels of tryptamine and IPA and their corresponding bacteria in select diseased conditions, shedding light on their potential significance as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ian L Duchesne Blanes
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ford Berger
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos Isales
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Centre for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Centre for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Witoszyńska-Sobkowiak J, Sikorska D, Rutkowski R, Niklas K, Żychowska I, Samborski W. Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with TNFα inhibitors does not affect serum levels of tryptophan metabolites. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2393-2400. [PMID: 37646896 PMCID: PMC10518270 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways can have serious consequences, e.g., depression. One of the factors leading to the imbalance between the pathways of tryptophan metabolism is inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-inhibitors on tryptophan metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Forty patients with AS (twenty-eight males, twelve females; mean age 40 ± 11 years), qualified to receive anti-TNF-α treatment, were prospectively assessed. As a control group, 20 healthy volunteers (7 males and 13 females, mean age 38 ± 5 years) were recruited from the general population. Patients underwent full clinical and biochemical assessment before and after 6 months of therapy. Disease activity was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). The presence of depressive disorders was assessed with Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. Serum concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and quinolinic acid were measured. The predominance of the kynurenine pathway in AS patients (compared to the control group) was demonstrated (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, no significant changes in serum levels of tryptophan and its metabolites in AS patients after treatment were found, despite clinical improvement. Moreover, the components of tryptophan metabolism did not correlate significantly with the clinical activity of AS, depression nor laboratory inflammatory markers. Probably some other factors influence the pathways of tryptophan metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Witoszyńska-Sobkowiak
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Roku 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dorota Sikorska
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Roku 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Niklas
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Roku 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Żychowska
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Roku 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Samborski
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 Roku 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
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Jasim ZA, Al-Hakeim HK, Zolghadri S, Stanek A. Maternal Tryptophan Catabolites and Insulin Resistance Parameters in Preeclampsia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1447. [PMID: 37892130 PMCID: PMC10604911 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria in the third trimester. The disease is associated with many metabolic and biochemical changes. There is a need for new biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. The present study examined the diagnostic ability of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) and insulin resistance (IR) parameters in women with PE. This case-control study recruited sixty women with preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant women as a control group. Serum levels of TRYCATs (tryptophan, kynurenic acid, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxykynurenine) and IR parameters (insulin and glucose) were measured by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that PE women have a significantly lower tryptophan level than healthy pregnant women. However, there was a significant increase in kynurenic acid, kynurenic acid/kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan, and 3-hydroxykynurenine levels. PE women also have a state of IR. The correlation study indicated various correlations of IR and TRYCATs with clinical data and between each other, reflecting the role of these parameters in the pathophysiology of PE. The ROC study showed that the presence of IR state, reduced tryptophan, and increased 3-HK predicted PE disease in a suspected woman with moderate sensitivities and specificities. In conclusion, the pathophysiology of PE involves a state of IR and an alteration of the TRYCAT system. These changes should be taken into consideration when PE is diagnosed or treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Abdulameer Jasim
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 7198774731, Iran;
| | | | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 7414785318, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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Feng S, Cui N, Zhao W, Zhao H, Wang C, Zheng J, Zhu T, Chen J, Jiang H, Su Q. Prognostic biomarkers for sepsis mortality based on the literature and LC-MS-based metabolomics of sepsis patients. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:5757-5768. [PMID: 37854200 PMCID: PMC10579003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of sepsis, a potentially lethal overreaction to infection, is limited by the lack of prognostic tools to guide its treatment. Our aim is to identify a novel metabolic biomarker panel for predicting sepsis mortality based on a literature review and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. METHODS In the literature, we found metabolomics biomarkers reported to predict sepsis mortality. We determined the classifications, reported frequency, and KEGG pathway enrichment of these markers. Using serum samples from 20 sepsis survivors and 20 non-survivors within 28 days after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), we performed LC-MS-based metabolomics. Based on the literature review and metabolomics, a prognostic biomarker panel for sepsis was identified and its area under the curve (AUC) values was assessed. RESULTS Kynurenate, caffeine, and lysoPC 22:4 were selected as a prognostic biomarker panel for sepsis. The panel had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.885 (95% CI, 0.694-1) evaluated by linear support vector machine (SVM) and 0.849 (0.699-1) by random forest (RF), which was higher than that of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). A combination of kynurenate, caffeine, and lysoPC 22:4 and SOFA provided the best discriminating performance, with AUCs of 0.961 (0.878-1) for SVM and 0.916 (0.774-1) for RF. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic biomarker panel consisting of kynurenate, caffeine, and lysoPC 22:4 may aid in the identification of sepsis patients at a high risk of death, leading to personalized therapy in clinical practice that will improve sepsis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nannan Cui
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junnan Zheng
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nephropathy, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qun Su
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Poeggeler B, Singh SK, Sambamurti K, Pappolla MA. Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087112. [PMID: 37108272 PMCID: PMC10138358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial summarizes the eight articles that have been collected for the Special Issue entitled "Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health 2 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Poeggeler
- Department of Physiology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen and Goettingen Research Campus, Am Türmchen 3, D-33332 Gütersloh, Germany
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Miguel Angelo Pappolla
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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12
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Sun S, Wang D, Dong D, Xu L, Xie M, Wang Y, Ni T, Jiang W, Zhu X, Ning N, Sun Q, Zhao S, Li M, Chen P, Yu M, Li J, Chen E, Zhao B, Peng Y, Mao E. Altered intestinal microbiome and metabolome correspond to the clinical outcome of sepsis. Crit Care 2023; 27:127. [PMID: 36978107 PMCID: PMC10044080 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the progression of sepsis. However, the specific mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites involved in the process of sepsis remains elusive, which limits its translational application. METHOD In this study, we used a combination of the microbiome and untargeted metabolomics to analyze stool samples from patients with sepsis enrolled at admission, then microbiota, metabolites, and potential signaling pathways that might play important roles in disease outcome were screened out. Finally, the above results were validated by the microbiome and transcriptomics analysis in an animal model of sepsis. RESULTS Patients with sepsis showed destruction of symbiotic flora and elevated abundance of Enterococcus, which were validated in animal experiments. Additionally, patients with a high burden of Bacteroides, especially B. vulgatus, had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and longer stays in the intensive care unit. The intestinal transcriptome in CLP rats illustrated that Enterococcus and Bacteroides had divergent profiles of correlation with differentially expressed genes, indicating distinctly different roles for these bacteria in sepsis. Furthermore, patients with sepsis exhibited disturbances in gut amino acid metabolism compared with healthy controls; namely, tryptophan metabolism was tightly related to an altered microbiota and the severity of sepsis. CONCLUSION Alterations in microbial and metabolic features in the gut corresponded with the progression of sepsis. Our findings may help to predict the clinical outcome of patients in the early stage of sepsis and provide a translational basis for exploring new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silei Sun
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Daosheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengqi Xie
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tongtian Ni
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weisong Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peili Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin ER Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Liu H, Zhang X, Shi P, Yuan J, Jia Q, Pi C, Chen T, Xiong L, Chen J, Tang J, Yue R, Liu Z, Shen H, Zuo Y, Wei Y, Zhao L. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a key receptor in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway exerting an antidepressant effect. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:84. [PMID: 36973813 PMCID: PMC10041767 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems. The hypothesis of monoamine neurotransmitters is one of the commonly recognized pathogenic mechanisms of depression; however, the drugs designed based on this hypothesis have not achieved good clinical results. A recent study demonstrated that depression and inflammation were strongly correlated, and the activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in the cholinergic system exhibited good therapeutic effects against depression. Therefore, anti-inflammation might be a potential direction for the treatment of depression. Moreover, it is also necessary to further reveal the key role of inflammation and α7 nAChR in the pathogenesis of depression. This review focused on the correlations between inflammation and depression as well-discussed the crucial role of α7 nAChR in the CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Liu
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- grid.469520.c0000 0004 1757 8917Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Shi
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyuan Yuan
- grid.488387.8Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jia
- grid.488387.8Ethics Committee Office, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Chao Pi
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjin Xiong
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Chen
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Tang
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxu Yue
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zerong Liu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
- grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030 China
| | - Hongping Shen
- grid.488387.8Clinical Trial Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zuo
- grid.488387.8Department of Comprehensive Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- grid.488387.8Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 182, Chunhui Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- grid.488387.8Luzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Chronic Diseases Jointly Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Neumann J, Hofmann B, Dhein S, Gergs U. Cardiac Roles of Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT-Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054765. [PMID: 36902195 PMCID: PMC10003731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin acts solely via 5-HT4-receptors to control human cardiac contractile function. The effects of serotonin via 5-HT4-receptors lead to positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, as well as arrhythmias, in the human heart. In addition, 5-HT4-receptors may play a role in sepsis, ischaemia, and reperfusion. These presumptive effects of 5-HT4-receptors are the focus of the present review. We also discuss the formation and inactivation of serotonin in the body, namely, in the heart. We identify cardiovascular diseases where serotonin might play a causative or additional role. We address the mechanisms which 5-HT4-receptors can use for cardiac signal transduction and their possible roles in cardiac diseases. We define areas where further research in this regard should be directed in the future, and identify animal models that might be generated to this end. Finally, we discuss in what regard 5-HT4-receptor agonists or antagonists might be useful drugs that could enter clinical practice. Serotonin has been the target of many studies for decades; thus, we found it timely to summarise our current knowledge here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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15
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Cao Y, Liu Z, Ma W, Fang C, Pei Y, Jing Y, Huang J, Han X, Xiao W. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1060470. [PMID: 36875476 PMCID: PMC9978788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis is a life-threatening condition secondary to infection that evolves into a dysregulated host response and is associated with acute organ dysfunction. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most complex organ failures to characterize. This study performed comprehensive metabolomic profiling that distinguished between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. METHOD Plasma samples collected from 80 septic patients were analysed by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyse the metabolic model between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. The screening criteria for potential candidate metabolites were as follows: variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) > 1.5 or < 0.7. Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed associated metabolic pathways. In addition, we constructed a subgroup metabolic analysis between the survivors and non-survivors according to 28-day mortality in the cardiac dysfunction group. RESULTS Two metabolite markers, kynurenic acid and gluconolactone, could distinguish the cardiac dysfunction group from the normal cardiac function group. Two metabolites, kynurenic acid and galactitol, could distinguish survivors and non-survivors in the subgroup analysis. Kynurenic acid is a common differential metabolite that could be used as a candidate for both diagnosis and prognosis for septic patients with cardiac dysfunction. The main associated pathways were amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSION Metabolomic technology could be a promising approach for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Pei
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingxia Jing
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care in Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaotong Han, ; Weiwei Xiao,
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaotong Han, ; Weiwei Xiao,
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16
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Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193934. [PMID: 36235587 PMCID: PMC9571539 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a “sunlight deficiency” and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of “darkness deficiency” from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin’s mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.
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17
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Giron CG, Lin TTZ, Kan RLD, Zhang BBB, Yau SY, Kranz GS. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Effects on Biomarkers of Tryptophan Metabolism: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179692. [PMID: 36077088 PMCID: PMC9456364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism is linked to a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Concurrently, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques demonstrate high therapeutic efficacy across neuropsychiatric disorders, with indications for modulated neuroplasticity underlying such effects. We therefore conducted a scoping review with meta-analysis of eligible studies, conforming with the PRISMA statement, by searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for clinical and preclinical studies that report the effects of NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism. NIBS techniques reviewed were electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Of the 564 search results, 65 studies were included with publications dating back to 1971 until 2022. The Robust Bayesian Meta-Analysis on clinical studies and qualitative analysis identified general null effects by NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism, but moderate evidence for TMS effects on elevating serum serotonin levels. We cannot interpret this as evidence for or against the effects of NIBS on these biomarkers, as there exists several confounding methodological differences in this literature. Future controlled studies are needed to elucidate the effects of NIBS on biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism, an under-investigated question with substantial implications to clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian G. Giron
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim T. Z. Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rebecca L. D. Kan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bella B. B. Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Hubková B, Valko-Rokytovská M, Čižmárová B, Zábavníková M, Mareková M, Birková A. Tryptophan: Its Metabolism along the Kynurenine, Serotonin, and Indole Pathway in Malignant Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169160. [PMID: 36012419 PMCID: PMC9408957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tryptophan metabolism is known to be one of the important mechanisms used by cancer to evade immune surveillance. Altered tryptophan metabolism was studied in patients with pigmented malignant melanoma confirmed histologically by the anatomic stage grouping for cutaneous melanoma using clinical staging on the basis of the Breslow thickness of the melanoma, the degree of spread to regional lymph nodes, and by the presence of distant metastasis. (2) Methods: Urinary tryptophan metabolites were detected by RP-HPLC method. (3) Results: In the present work, we provided evidence of altered metabolism of all tryptophan pathways in melanoma patients. (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of the shifted serotonin pathway toward DHICA formation and kynurenine pathway shifted toward NAD+ production could serve in the early detection of the disease and the initiation of early treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Hubková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Valko-Rokytovská
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
| | - Beáta Čižmárová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Birková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.V.-R.); (A.B.)
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The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070998. [PMID: 35883554 PMCID: PMC9313172 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in both depression and neurodegenerative diseases. The kynurenine pathway, generating metabolites which may play a role in pathogenesis, is one of several competing pathways of tryptophan metabolism. The present article is a narrative review of tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation, depression, and neurodegeneration. A disturbed tryptophan metabolism with increased activity of the kynurenine pathway and production of quinolinic acid may result in deficiencies in tryptophan and derived neurotransmitters. Quinolinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, and raised levels in CSF, together with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, have been reported in mood disorders. Increased quinolinic acid has also been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and HIV-related cognitive decline. Oxidative stress in connection with increased indole-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine formation may contribute to inflammatory responses and the production of cytokines. Increased formation of quinolinic acid may occur at the expense of kynurenic acid and neuroprotective picolinic acid. While awaiting ongoing research on potential pharmacological interventions on tryptophan metabolism, adequate protein intake with appropriate amounts of tryptophan and antioxidants may offer protection against oxidative stress and provide a balanced set of physiological receptor ligands.
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Kotfis K, van Diem-Zaal I, Williams Roberson S, Sietnicki M, van den Boogaard M, Shehabi Y, Ely EW. The future of intensive care: delirium should no longer be an issue. Crit Care 2022; 26:200. [PMID: 35790979 PMCID: PMC9254432 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ideal intensive care unit (ICU) of the future, all patients are free from delirium, a syndrome of brain dysfunction frequently observed in critical illness and associated with worse ICU-related outcomes and long-term cognitive impairment. Although screening for delirium requires limited time and effort, this devastating disorder remains underestimated during routine ICU care. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a catastrophic reduction in delirium monitoring, prevention, and patient care due to organizational issues, lack of personnel, increased use of benzodiazepines and restricted family visitation. These limitations led to increases in delirium incidence, a situation that should never be repeated. Good sedation practices should be complemented by novel ICU design and connectivity, which will facilitate non-pharmacological sedation, anxiolysis and comfort that can be supplemented by balanced pharmacological interventions when necessary. Improvements in the ICU sound, light control, floor planning, and room arrangement can facilitate a healing environment that minimizes stressors and aids delirium prevention and management. The fundamental prerequisite to realize the delirium-free ICU, is an awake non-sedated, pain-free comfortable patient whose management follows the A to F (A-F) bundle. Moreover, the bundle should be expanded with three additional letters, incorporating humanitarian care: gaining (G) insight into patient needs, delivering holistic care with a 'home-like' (H) environment, and redefining ICU architectural design (I). Above all, the delirium-free world relies upon people, with personal challenges for critical care teams to optimize design, environmental factors, management, time spent with the patient and family and to humanize ICU care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irene van Diem-Zaal
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shawniqua Williams Roberson
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marek Sietnicki
- Department of Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mark van den Boogaard
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yahya Shehabi
- Monash Health School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ketogenic and Modified Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Counteract Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Nutritional Suggestions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122384. [PMID: 35745113 PMCID: PMC9229939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic Diet is a nutritional pattern often used as dietotherapy in inflammatory diseases, including neurological disorders. Applied on epileptic children since 1920, in recent years it has been taken into account again as a tool to both reduce inflammatory burdens and ameliorate the nutritional status of patients affected by different pathologies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated neuro-inflammatory disease and diet is a possible factor in its pathogenesis. The aim of this work is to investigate the main potential targets of MS-related impairments, in particular the cognitive deficits, focusing on the alteration of biomarkers such as the Brain Derived-Neurotrophic Factor and the Tryptophan/Kynurenine ratio that could play a role on neuroprotection and thus on MS progression. Furthermore, we here propose nutritional suggestions which are useful in the development of a ketogenic diet protocol that takes advantage of the anti-inflammatory properties of low-carbohydrate foods from the Mediterranean diet to be applied to subjects with MS. In conclusion, this approach will allow one to develop the ketogenic diet combined with a modified Mediterranean diet as a possible tool to improve neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.
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Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060514. [PMID: 35736447 PMCID: PMC9227929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and therefore is its burden of disease as NALFD is a risk factor for cirrhosis and is associated with other metabolic conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Linking these cardiometabolic diseases is a state of low-grade inflammation, with higher cytokines and c-reactive protein levels found in individuals with NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes. A possible therapeutic target to decrease this state of low-grade inflammation is the metabolism of the essential amino-acid tryptophan. Its three main metabolic pathways (kynurenine pathway, indole pathway and serotonin/melatonin pathway) result in metabolites such as kynurenic acid, xanturenic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and serotonin/melatonin. The kynurenine pathway is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is upregulated by pro-inflammatory molecules such as INF, IL-6 and LPS. Higher activity of IDO is associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, as well with increased glucose levels, obesity and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, increased concentrations of the indole pathway metabolites, regulated by the gut microbiome, seem to result in more favorable outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the interactions between tryptophan metabolism, the gut microbiome and the immune system as potential drivers of cardiometabolic diseases in NAFLD.
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Amyloid Fibril-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Tryptophan. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050291. [PMID: 35624592 PMCID: PMC9139163 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A tryptophan (Trp) sensor was investigated based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of a molecularly imprinted polymer on a lysozyme amyloid fibril (MIP-AF). The MIP-AF was composed of aniline as a monomer chemically polymerized in the presence of a Trp template molecule onto the AF surface. After extracting the template molecule, the MIP-AF had cavities with a high affinity for the Trp molecules. The obtained MIP-AF demonstrated rapid Trp adsorption and substantial binding capacity (50 µM mg−1). Trp determination was studied using non-Faradaic EIS by drop drying the MIP-AF on the working electrode of a screen-printed electrode. The MIP-AF provided a large linear range (10 pM–80 µM), a low detection limit (8 pM), and high selectivity for Trp determination. Furthermore, the proposed method also indicates that the MIP-AF can be used to determine Trp in real samples such as milk and cancer cell media.
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Biological Effects of Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, and Its Precursor Tryptophan in Mammals' Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031222. [PMID: 35163143 PMCID: PMC8835432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actions of symbiotic gut microbiota are in dynamic balance with the host’s organism to maintain homeostasis. Many different factors have an impact on this relationship, including bacterial metabolites. Several substrates for their synthesis have been established, including tryptophan, an exogenous amino acid. Many biological processes are influenced by the action of tryptophan and its endogenous metabolites, serotonin, and melatonin. Recent research findings also provide evidence that gut bacteria-derived metabolites of tryptophan share the biological effects of their precursor. Thus, this review aims to investigate the biological actions of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite of tryptophan. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of IPA on the health and pathophysiology of the immune, nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system in mammals. IPA exhibits a similar impact on the energetic balance and cardiovascular system to its precursor, tryptophan. Additionally, IPA has a positive impact on a cellular level, by preventing oxidative stress injury, lipoperoxidation and inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Its synthesis can be diminished in the presence of different risk factors of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, protective factors, such as the introduction of a Mediterranean diet, tend to increase its plasma concentration. IPA seems to be a promising new target, linking gut health with the cardiovascular system.
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