1
|
Conci C, Sironi L, Jacchetti E, Panzeri D, Inverso D, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Collini M, Cerullo G, Chirico G, Raimondi MT. In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016102. [PMID: 38222895 PMCID: PMC10787586 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fluorescent Multifunctional Organic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging: A Tutorial Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112498. [PMID: 36432688 PMCID: PMC9698844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) are a large family of nanostructures constituted by organic components that emit light in different spectral regions upon excitation, due to the presence of organic fluorophores. FONs are of great interest for numerous biological and medical applications, due to their high tunability in terms of composition, morphology, surface functionalization, and optical properties. Multifunctional FONs combine several functionalities in a single nanostructure (emission of light, carriers for drug-delivery, functionalization with targeting ligands, etc.), opening the possibility of using the same nanoparticle for diagnosis and therapy. The preparation, characterization, and application of these multifunctional FONs require a multidisciplinary approach. In this review, we present FONs following a tutorial approach, with the aim of providing a general overview of the different aspects of the design, preparation, and characterization of FONs. The review encompasses the most common FONs developed to date, the description of the most important features of fluorophores that determine the optical properties of FONs, an overview of the preparation methods and of the optical characterization techniques, and the description of the theoretical approaches that are currently adopted for modeling FONs. The last part of the review is devoted to a non-exhaustive selection of some recent biomedical applications of FONs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu G, Kang JW, Bhagavatula S, Ahn SW, So PTC, Tearney GJ, Jonas O. Bendable long graded index lens microendoscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:36651-36664. [PMID: 36258589 PMCID: PMC9662600 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graded index (GRIN) lens endoscopy has broadly benefited biomedical microscopic imaging by enabling accessibility to sites not reachable by traditional benchtop microscopes. It is a long-held notion that GRIN lenses can only be used as rigid probes, which may limit their potential for certain applications. Here, we describe bendable and long-range GRIN microimaging probes for a variety of potential micro-endoscopic biomedical applications. Using a two-photon fluorescence imaging system, we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of three-dimensional imaging through a 500-µm-diameter and ∼11 cm long GRIN lens subject to a cantilever beam-like deflection with a minimum bend radius of ∼25 cm. Bend-induced perturbation to the field of view and resolution has also been investigated quantitatively. Our development alters the conventional notion of GRIN lenses and enables a range of innovative applications. For example, the demonstrated flexibility is highly desirable for implementation into current and emerging minimally invasive clinical procedures, including a pioneering microdevice for high-throughput cancer drug selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guigen Liu
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeon Woong Kang
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sharath Bhagavatula
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian W. Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eroglu B, Jin X, Deane S, Öztürk B, Ross OA, Moskophidis D, Mivechi NF. Dusp26 phosphatase regulates mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress and protects neuronal cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:198. [PMID: 35313355 PMCID: PMC10601927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dual specificity protein phosphatases (Dusps) control dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as other substrates. Here, we report that Dusp26, which is highly expressed in neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons is targeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane via its NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Loss of Dusp26 has a significant impact on mitochondrial function that is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduction in ATP generation, reduction in mitochondria motility and release of mitochondrial HtrA2 protease into the cytoplasm. The mitochondrial dysregulation in dusp26-deficient neuroblastoma cells leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell death. In vivo, Dusp26 is highly expressed in neurons in different brain regions, including cortex and midbrain (MB). Ablation of Dusp26 in mouse model leads to dopaminergic (DA) neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc), inflammatory response in MB and striatum, and phenotypes that are normally associated with Neurodegenerative diseases. Consistent with the data from our mouse model, Dusp26 expressing cells are significantly reduced in the SNpc of Parkinson's Disease patients. The underlying mechanism of DA neuronal death is that loss of Dusp26 in neurons increases mitochondrial ROS and concurrent activation of MAPK/p38 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Our results suggest that regulation of mitochondrial-associated protein phosphorylation is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and dysregulation of this process may contribute to the initiation and development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Eroglu
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sadiki Deane
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bahadır Öztürk
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Owen A Ross
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Demetrius Moskophidis
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Nahid F Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th St., CN3153, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VAMC, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA.
| |
Collapse
|