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Conci C, Sironi L, Jacchetti E, Panzeri D, Inverso D, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Collini M, Cerullo G, Chirico G, Raimondi MT. In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016102. [PMID: 38222895 PMCID: PMC10787586 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Raimondi MT, Donnaloja F, Barzaghini B, Bocconi A, Conci C, Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Carelli S. Bioengineering tools to speed up the discovery and preclinical testing of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Theranostics 2020; 10:7034-7052. [PMID: 32641977 PMCID: PMC7330866 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an update for the international research community on the cell modeling tools that could accelerate the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and could thus speed up the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Many bioengineering groups are actively developing frontier tools that are capable of providing realistic three-dimensional (3D) models for biological research, including cell culture scaffolds, microfluidic chambers for the culture of tissue equivalents and organoids, and implantable windows for intravital imaging. Here, we review the most innovative study models based on these bioengineering tools in the context of virology and vaccinology. To make it easier for scientists working on SARS-CoV-2 to identify and apply specific tools, we discuss how they could accelerate the discovery and preclinical development of antiviral drugs and vaccines, compared to conventional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Bocconi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milano, Italy
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Conci C, Bennati L, Bregoli C, Buccino F, Danielli F, Gallan M, Gjini E, Raimondi MT. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies for the female breast. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:369-387. [PMID: 31825164 PMCID: PMC7065113 DOI: 10.1002/term.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of mammary tissue and the variety of cells involved make tissue regeneration an ambitious goal. This review, supported by both detailed macro and micro anatomy, illustrates the potential of regenerative medicine in terms of mammary gland reconstruction to restore breast physiology and morphology, damaged by mastectomy. Despite the widespread use of conventional therapies, many critical issues have been solved using the potential of stem cells resident in adipose tissue, leading to commercial products. in vitro research has reported that adipose stem cells are the principal cellular source for reconstructing adipose tissue, ductal epithelium, and nipple structures. In addition to simple cell injection, construct made by cells seeded on a suitable biodegradable scaffold is a viable alternative from a long‐term perspective. Preclinical studies on mice and clinical studies, most of which have reached Phase II, are essential in the commercialization of cellular therapy products. Recent studies have revealed that the enrichment of fat grafting with stromal vascular fraction cells is a viable alternative to breast reconstruction. Although in the future, organ‐on‐a‐chip can be envisioned, for the moment researchers are still focusing on therapies that are a long way from regenerating the whole organ, but which nevertheless prevent complications, such as relapse and loss in terms of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bennati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bregoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Buccino
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Danielli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Gallan
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ereza Gjini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela T Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Raimondi MT, Laganà M, Conci C, Crestani M, Di Giancamillo A, Gervaso F, Deponti D, Boschetti F, Nava MM, Scandone C, Domeneghini C, Sannino A, Peretti GM. Development and biological validation of a cyclic stretch culture system for the ex vivo engineering of tendons. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 41:400-412. [PMID: 29781355 DOI: 10.1177/0391398818774496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An innovative approach to the treatment of tendon injury or degeneration is given by engineered grafts, made available through the development of bioreactors that generate tendon tissue in vitro, by replicating in vivo conditions. This work aims at the design of a bioreactor capable of applying a stimulation of cyclic strain on cell constructs to promote the production of bioartificial tissue with mechanical and biochemical properties resembling those of the native tissue. METHODS The system was actuated by an electromagnet and design specifications were imposed as follows. The stimulation protocol provides to scaffolds a 3% preload, a 10% deformation, and a stimulation frequency rate set at 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz, which alternates stimulation/resting phases. Porcine tenocytes were seeded on collagen scaffolds and cultured in static or dynamic conditions for 7 and 14 days. RESULTS The culture medium temperature did not exceed 37°C during prolonged culture experiments. The applied force oscillates between 1.5 and 4.5 N. The cyclic stimulation of the engineered constructs let both the cells and the scaffold fibers align along the strain direction in response to the mechanical stimulus. CONCLUSION We designed a pulsatile strain bioreactor for tendon tissue engineering. The in vitro characterization shows a preferential cell alignment at short time points. Prolonged culture time, however, seems to influence negatively on the survival of the cells indicating the need of further optimization concerning the culture conditions and the mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Laganà
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,2 Gemma Prototipi, Longone al Segrino, Italy
| | - Claudio Conci
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Crestani
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- 3 Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- 4 Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Federica Boschetti
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele M Nava
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Domeneghini
- 3 Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- 4 Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- 6 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,7 Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Kleinheinz P, Zuber K, Conci C, Protop C, Zuber J, Liang CF, Paris P, Blomqvist J. Giant Gamow-Teller excitation of 148Dy populated in beta + decay. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:2664-2667. [PMID: 10032206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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