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Lu Z, Li S, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Ding J, Tang K, Ren Y, You L, Meng H, Wang G. Nickel-Molybdenum-Based Three-Dimensional Nanoarrays for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Splitting. Molecules 2024; 29:3966. [PMID: 39203044 PMCID: PMC11357255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Water splitting is an important approach to hydrogen production. But the efficiency of the process is always controlled by the oxygen evolution reaction process. In this study, a three-dimensional nickel-molybdenum binary nanoarray microstructure electrocatalyst is successfully synthesized. It is grown uniformly on Ni foam using a hydrothermal method. Attributed to their unique nanostructure and controllable nature, the Ni-Mo-based nanoarray samples show superior reactivity and durability in oxygen evolution reactions. The series of Ni-Mo-based electrocatalysts presents a competitive overpotential of 296 mV at 10 mA·cm-2 for an OER in 1.0 M KOH, corresponding with a low Tafel slope of 121 mV dec-1. The three-dimensional nanostructure has a large double-layer capacitance and plenty of channels for ion transfer, which demonstrates more active sites and improved charge transmission. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of non-precious catalysts for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiefeng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455099, China;
| | - Yifan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Kun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yingzi Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Long You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Hongbo Meng
- Luoyang Crystal Union Photoelectric Materials Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471100, China;
| | - Guangxin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (K.T.); (Y.R.); (L.Y.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for High Purity Materials and Sputtering Targets, Luoyang 471003, China
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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Liu H, Wang P, Qi X, Yin A, Wang Y, Ye Y, Luo J, Ren Z, Chen L, Yu S, Wei J. Insights into the Understanding of the Nickel-Based Pre-Catalyst Effect on Urea Oxidation Reaction Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:3321. [PMID: 39064899 PMCID: PMC11279396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nickel-based catalysts are regarded as the most excellent urea oxidation reaction (UOR) catalysts in alkaline media. Whatever kind of nickel-based catalysts is utilized to catalyze UOR, it is widely believed that the in situ-formed Ni3+ moieties are the true active sites and the as-utilized nickel-based catalysts just serve as pre-catalysts. Digging the pre-catalyst effect on the activity of Ni3+ moieties helps to better design nickel-based catalysts. Herein, five different anions of OH-, CO32-, SiO32-, MoO42-, and WO42- were used to bond with Ni2+ to fabricate the pre-catalysts β-Ni(OH)2, Ni-CO3, Ni-SiO3, Ni-MoO4, and Ni-WO4. It is found that the true active sites of the five as-fabricated catalysts are the same in situ-formed Ni3+ moieties and the five as-fabricated catalysts demonstrate different UOR activity. Although the as-synthesized five catalysts just serve as the pre-catalysts, they determine the quantity of active sites and activity per active site, thus determining the catalytic activity of the catalysts. Among the five catalysts, the amorphous nickel tungstate exhibits the most superior activity per active site and can catalyze UOR to reach 158.10 mA·cm-2 at 1.6 V, exceeding the majority of catalysts. This work makes for a deeper understanding of the pre-catalyst effect on UOR activity and helps to better design nickel-based UOR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peike Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ao Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.L.); (P.W.); (X.Q.); (A.Y.); (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.R.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang YC, Yu SE, Su YL, Cheng IC, Chuang YC, Chen YS, Chen JZ. NiFe 2O 4 Material on Carbon Paper as an Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Module. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:62. [PMID: 38258181 PMCID: PMC10819468 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
NiFe2O4 material is grown on carbon paper (CP) with the hydrothermal method for use as electrocatalysts in an alkaline electrolyzer. NiFe2O4 material is used as the anode and cathode catalysts (named NiFe(+)/NiFe(-) hereafter). The results are compared with those obtained using CP/NiFe as the anode and CP/Ru as the cathode (named NiFe)(+)/Ru(-) hereafter). During cell operation with NiFe(+)/Ru(-), the current density reaches 500 mA/cm2 at a cell voltage of 1.79 V, with a specific energy consumption of 4.9 kWh/m3 and an energy efficiency of 66.2%. In comparison, for NiFe(+)/NiFe(-), the current density reaches 500 mA/cm2 at a cell voltage of 2.23 V, with a specific energy consumption of 5.7 kWh/m3 and an energy efficiency of 56.6%. The Faradaic efficiency is 96-99%. With the current density fixed at 400 mA/cm2, after performing a test for 150 h, the cell voltage with NiFe(+)/Ru(-) increases by 0.167 V, whereas that with NiFe(+)/NiFe(-) decreases by only 0.010 V. Good, long-term stability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Wang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - Shuo-En Yu
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Lun Su
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
| | - I-Chun Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan;
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yong-Song Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County 621301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (Y.-L.S.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan;
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106319, Taiwan
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Rabe A, Jaugstetter M, Hiege F, Cosanne N, Ortega KF, Linnemann J, Tschulik K, Behrens M. Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion-Assisted pH-Controlled Co-Precipitation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202015. [PMID: 36651237 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt iron containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and spinels are promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Towards development of better performing catalysts, the precise tuning of mesostructural features such as pore size is desirable, but often hard to achieve. Herein, a computer-controlled microemulsion-assisted co-precipitation (MACP) method at constant pH is established and compared to conventional co-precipitation. With MACP, the particle growth is limited and through variation of the constant pH during synthesis the pore size of the as-prepared catalysts is controlled, generating materials for the systematic investigation of confinement effects during OER. At a threshold pore size, overpotential increased significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated a change in OER mechanism, involving the oxygen release step. It is assumed that in smaller pores the critical radius for gas bubble formation is not met and therefore a smaller charge-transfer resistance is observed for medium frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rabe
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jaugstetter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Hiege
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicolas Cosanne
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Friedel Ortega
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Linnemann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryang-dong), Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, South Korea
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Mokdad S, Boukazoula A, Chauchane K, Saib F, Trari M, Abdi A. Electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited CoO x thin film on low-carbon unalloyed steel substrate toward electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2023; 77:1-14. [PMID: 37362793 PMCID: PMC10140726 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report elaboration of a thin film of CoOx on a low carbon unalloyed steel substrate by electrochemical route and the study of its electrocatalytic performances with respect to the evolution reaction of oxygen (OER) in NaOH medium. The elaborated deposits were well-characterized using X-ray diffraction. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as exchange current density, Tafel slope, reaction order with respect to OH- ions and apparent activation energy were studied. The CoOx displays satisfactory OER performance in an alkaline medium, with a low overvoltage of 362 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 81 mV/dec at 293 K. The apparent kinetic activation energy (= 29.79 kJ/mol) was similar to those obtained for the reported catalytic electrode materials. The O2 gas obtained on the cobalt oxide electrode was 2.865 mmol/s.cm2, which is 28 times higher than that obtained for the platinum electrode (0.102 mmol/s.cm2). Chronoamperometry demonstrates a better electrochemical stability under a polarization potential of 2 V in 1 M NaOH for nearly 25 h. The low cost, the high OER performance, as well as the good stability of the CoOx electrode make it a promising candidate for the industrial-scale water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mokdad
- LEC, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, 16046 Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Boukazoula
- LEC, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, 16046 Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Faouzi Saib
- CRAPC, BP 384, 42004 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Trari
- LSVRE, USTHB, BP 32, 16111 El-Alia, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abderrezak Abdi
- LEC, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, 16046 Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria
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Zan L, Amin HMA, Mostafa E, Abd-El-Latif AA, Iqbal S, Baltruschat H. Electrodeposited Cobalt Nanosheets on Smooth Silver as a Bifunctional Catalyst for OER and ORR: In Situ Structural and Catalytic Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55458-55470. [PMID: 36490358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing earth-abundant, cost-effective, and active bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is key to boosting sustainable energy systems such as electrolyzers and lithium-air batteries. However, the performance of promising cobalt-based materials is impaired by the external effects of binders and carbon additives as well as inhomogeneous electrode fabrication. In this work, binder- and carbon-free flower-like Co-decorated Ag catalytic nanosheets were in situ-synthesized via a simple electrodeposition approach. The morphology, composition, and structure of Co/Ag before and after OER were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Co/Ag thin film electrodes with various Co contents exhibited a bifunctional activity toward ORR and OER due to a synergistic effect. XPS analysis suggested the formation of Co3O4 as the main active species for OER. In particular, Co (83%)/Ag surface revealed a 60 mV lower ORR overpotential than a pure Ag surface and even lower than drop-casted Co3O4 nanoparticles on Ag surface. Only 1.5% peroxide was generated, suggesting a four-electron transfer ORR. In addition, the OER onset potential on Co/Ag is 60 mV less than Co3O4. Tafel slopes of 71 and 75 mV dec-1 were obtained for ORR and OER, respectively. Importantly, the three-dimensional (3D) growth mechanism of a cobalt layer (∼1 nm) on a well-defined atomic smooth Ag surface is unraveled by in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). EC-STM suggests that Co prefers to nucleate at the step edges of Ag and grows in a 3D, forming nanoparticles, where the deposition/dissolution process of the Co adlayer on Ag is reversible. This investigation may provide insights into design strategies of efficient oxygen electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxing Zan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering of Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an716000, China
| | - Hatem M A Amin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza12613, Egypt
| | - Ehab Mostafa
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz A Abd-El-Latif
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo12311, Egypt
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn53117, Germany
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Kanokkanchana K, Tschulik K. Electronic Circuit Simulations as a Tool to Understand Distorted Signals in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10120-10125. [PMID: 36269854 PMCID: PMC9639197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical analysis relies on precise measurement of electrical signals, yet the distortions caused by potentiostat circuitry and filtering are rarely addressed. Elucidation of these effects is essential for gaining insights behind sensitive low-current and short-duration electrochemical signals, e.g., in single-entity electrochemistry. We present a simulation approach utilizing the Electrical Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE), which is extensively used in electronic circuit simulations. As a proof-of-concept, we develop a universal electrical circuit model for single nanoparticle impact experiments, incorporating potentiostat and electronic filter circuitry. Considering these alterations, the experimentally observed transients of silver nanoparticle oxidation were consistently shorter and differently shaped than those predicted by established models. This reveals the existence of additional processes, e.g., migration, partial or asymmetric oxidation. These results highlight the SPICE approach's ability to provide valuable insights into processes occurring during single-entity electrochemistry, which can be applied to various electrochemical experiments, where signal distortions are inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannasoot Kanokkanchana
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
ZEMOS 1.45, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
ZEMOS 1.45, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780Bochum, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf40237, Germany
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9
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Silver nanoparticles modified electrodes for electroanalysis: An updated review and a perspective. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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