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Mendes GG, Faulk B, Kaparthi B, Irion AR, Fong BL, Bayless K, Bondos SE. Genetic Functionalization of Protein-Based Biomaterials via Protein Fusions. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39074364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteins implement many useful functions, including binding ligands with unparalleled affinity and specificity, catalyzing stereospecific chemical reactions, and directing cell behavior. Incorporating proteins into materials has the potential to imbue devices with these desirable traits. This review highlights recent advances in creating active materials by genetically fusing a self-assembling protein to a functional protein. These fusion proteins form materials while retaining the function of interest. Key advantages of this approach include elimination of a separate functionalization step during materials synthesis, uniform and dense coverage of the material by the functional protein, and stabilization of the functional protein. This review focuses on macroscale materials and discusses (i) multiple strategies for successful protein fusion design, (ii) successes and limitations of the protein fusion approach, (iii) engineering solutions to bypass any limitations, (iv) applications of protein fusion materials, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, electronics, and biosensing, and (v) opportunities to further develop this useful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Geraldo Mendes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Britt Faulk
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bhavika Kaparthi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Andrew R Irion
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Brandon Look Fong
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kayla Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Zhong D, Lu Z, Xia Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Li M, Song X, Wang Y, Moon A, Qiu HJ, Li Y, Sun Y. Ferritin Nanoparticle Delivery of the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus Completely Protects Pigs from Lethal Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:629. [PMID: 38932358 PMCID: PMC11209039 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), results in significant economic losses to the swine industry in many countries. Vaccination represents the primary strategy to control CSF and the CSFV E2 protein is known as the major protective antigen. However, the E2 protein expressed or presented by different systems elicits distinct immune responses. In this study, we established a stable CHO cell line to express the E2 protein and delivered it using self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles (NPs). Subsequently, we compared the adaptive immune responses induced by the E2-ferritin NPs and the monomeric E2 protein produced by the CHO cells or a baculovirus expression system. The results revealed that the NP-delivered E2 protein elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies than did the monomeric E2 protein in pigs. Importantly, only the NP-delivered E2 protein significantly induced CSFV-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Furthermore, all the pigs inoculated with the E2-ferritin NPs were completely protected from a lethal CSFV challenge infection. These findings demonstrate the ability of the E2-ferritin NPs to protect pigs against the lethal CSFV challenge by eliciting robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yanjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Assad Moon
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (D.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (A.M.); (H.-J.Q.)
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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3
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Protein-Based Nanocarriers and Nanotherapeutics for Infection and Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:91-109. [PMID: 37699711 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases are one of the leading causes of death globally. The status quo has become more prominent with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To combat these potential crises, proteins have been proven as highly efficacious drugs, drug targets, and biomarkers. On the other hand, advancements in nanotechnology have aided efficient and sustained drug delivery due to their nano-dimension-acquired advantages. Combining both strategies together, the protein nanoplatforms are equipped with the advantageous intrinsic properties of proteins as well as nanoformulations, eloquently changing the field of nanomedicine. Proteins can act as carriers, therapeutics, diagnostics, and theranostics in their nanoform as fusion proteins or as composites with other organic/inorganic materials. Protein-based nanoplatforms have been extensively explored to target the major infectious and inflammatory diseases of clinical concern. The current review comprehensively deliberated proteins as nanocarriers for drugs and nanotherapeutics for inflammatory and infectious agents, with special emphasis on cancer and viral diseases. A plethora of proteins from diverse organisms have aided in the synthesis of protein-based nanoformulations. The current study specifically presented the proteins of human and pathogenic origin to dwell upon the field of protein nanotechnology, emphasizing their pharmacological advantages. Further, the successful clinical translation and current bottlenecks of the protein-based nanoformulations associated with the infection-inflammation paradigm have also been discussed comprehensively. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses the plethora of promising protein-based nanocarriers and nanotherapeutics explored for infectious and inflammatory ailments, with particular emphasis on protein nanoparticles of human and pathogenic origin with reference to the advantages, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters), and current bottlenecks in development of protein-based nanotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
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4
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Gao X, Wang X, Li S, Saif Ur Rahman M, Xu S, Liu Y. Nanovaccines for Advancing Long-Lasting Immunity against Infectious Diseases. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24514-24538. [PMID: 38055649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly life-threatening pathogens such as small pox and influenza, have substantial implications on public health and global economies. Vaccination is a key approach to combat existing and emerging pathogens. Immunological memory is an essential characteristic used to evaluate vaccine efficacy and durability and the basis for the long-term effects of vaccines in protecting against future infections; however, optimizing the potency, improving the quality, and enhancing the durability of immune responses remains challenging and a focus for research involving investigation of nanovaccine technologies. In this review, we describe how nanovaccines can address the challenges for conventional vaccines in stimulating adaptive immune memory responses to protect against reinfection. We discuss protein and nonprotein nanoparticles as useful antigen platforms, including those with highly ordered and repetitive antigen array presentation to enhance immunogenicity through cross-linking with multiple B cell receptors, and with a focus on antigen properties. In addition, we describe how nanoadjuvants can improve immune responses by providing enhanced access to lymph nodes, lymphnode targeting, germinal center retention, and long-lasting immune response generation. Nanotechnology has the advantage to facilitate vaccine induction of long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xinlian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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5
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Moore KA, Leighton T, Ostrowsky JT, Anderson CJ, Danila RN, Ulrich AK, Lackritz EM, Mehr AJ, Baric RS, Baylor NW, Gellin BG, Gordon JL, Krammer F, Perlman S, Rees HV, Saville M, Weller CL, Osterholm MT. A research and development (R&D) roadmap for broadly protective coronavirus vaccines: A pandemic preparedness strategy. Vaccine 2023; 41:2101-2112. [PMID: 36870874 PMCID: PMC9941884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Broadly protective coronavirus vaccines are an important tool for protecting against future SARS-CoV-2 variants and could play a critical role in mitigating the impact of future outbreaks or pandemics caused by novel coronaviruses. The Coronavirus Vaccines Research and Development (R&D) Roadmap (CVR) is aimed at promoting the development of such vaccines. The CVR, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, was generated through a collaborative and iterative process, which was led by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) at the University of Minnesota and involved 50 international subject matter experts and recognized leaders in the field. This report summarizes the major issues and areas of research outlined in the CVR and identifies high-priority milestones. The CVR covers a 6-year timeframe and is organized into five topic areas: virology, immunology, vaccinology, animal and human infection models, and policy and finance. Included in each topic area are key barriers, gaps, strategic goals, milestones, and additional R&D priorities. The roadmap includes 20 goals and 86 R&D milestones, 26 of which are ranked as high priority. By identifying key issues, and milestones for addressing them, the CVR provides a framework to guide funding and research campaigns that promote the development of broadly protective coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, C315 Mayo Memorial Building, MMC 263, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | - Tabitha Leighton
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julia T Ostrowsky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cory J Anderson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Angela K Ulrich
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eve M Lackritz
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angela J Mehr
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L Gordon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, and Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Helen V Rees
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melanie Saville
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael T Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Wang D, Yuan Y, Liu B, Epstein ND, Yang Y. Protein-based nano-vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current design strategies and advances of candidate vaccines. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123979. [PMID: 36907305 PMCID: PMC9998285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shaken the global health system. Various nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development have played pivotal roles in fighting against SARS-CoV-2. Among them, the safe and effective protein-based nanoparticle (NP) platforms display a highly repetitive array of foreign antigens on their surface, which is urgent for improving the immunogenicity of vaccines. These platforms greatly improved antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), lymph node trafficking, and B cell activation, due to the optimal size, multivalence, and versatility of NPs. In this review, we summarize the advances of protein-based NP platforms, strategies of antigen attachment, and the current progress of clinical and preclinical trials in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on protein-based NP platforms. Importantly, the lessons learnt and design approaches developed for these NP platforms against SARS-CoV-2 also provide insights into the development of protein-based NP strategies for preventing other epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Youqing Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Neal D Epstein
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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7
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Tapia D, Reyes-Sandoval A, Sanchez-Villamil JI. Protein-based Nanoparticle Vaccine Approaches Against Infectious Diseases. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:168-175. [PMID: 36894463 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of vaccine development has seen an increase in the number of rationally designed technologies that increase effectiveness against vaccine-resistant pathogens, while not compromising safety. Yet, there is still an urgent need to expand and further understand these platforms against complex pathogens that often evade protective responses. Nanoscale platforms have been at the center of new studies, especially in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the aim of deploying safe and effective vaccines in a short time period. The intrinsic properties of protein-based nanoparticles, such as biocompatibility, flexible physicochemical characteristics, and variety have made them an attractive platform against different infectious disease agents. In the past decade, several studies have tested both lumazine synthase-, ferritin-, and albumin-based nanoplatforms against a wide range of complex pathogens in pre-clinical studies. Owed to their success in pre-clinical studies, several studies are undergoing human clinical trials or are near an initial phase. In this review we highlight the different protein-based platforms, mechanisms of synthesis, and effectiveness of these over the past decade. In addition, some challenges, and future directions to increase their effectiveness are also highlighted. Taken together, protein-based nanoscaffolds have proven to be an effective means to design rationally designed vaccines, especially against complex pathogens and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tapia
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio Nacional de Vacunología y Virus Tropicales, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Javier I Sanchez-Villamil
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Morelos, Atlacholoaya, Morelos, México.
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8
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Wu Y, Liu Z, Mao S, Liu B, Tong Z. Identify the Virus-like Models for COVID-19 as Bio-Threats: Combining Phage Display, Spectral Detection and Algorithms Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043209. [PMID: 36834622 PMCID: PMC9967019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification and recognition of COVID-19 have been challenging since its outbreak. Multiple methods were developed to realize fast monitoring early to prevent and control the pandemic. In addition, it is difficult and unrealistic to apply the actual virus to study and research because of the highly infectious and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the virus-like models were designed and produced to replace the original virus as bio-threats. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy were employed for differentiation and recognition among the produced bio-threats and other viruses, proteins, and bacteria. Combined with PCA and LDA analysis, the identification of the models for SARS-CoV-2 was achieved, reaching a correction of 88.9% and 96.3% after cross-validation, respectively. This idea might provide a possible pattern for detecting and controlling SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of combining optics and algorithms, which could be applied in the early-warning system against COVID-19 or other bio-threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Sihan Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Kim SA, Lee Y, Ko Y, Kim S, Kim GB, Lee NK, Ahn W, Kim N, Nam GH, Lee EJ, Kim IS. Protein-based nanocages for vaccine development. J Control Release 2023; 353:767-791. [PMID: 36516900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocages have attracted considerable attention in various fields of nanomedicine due to their intrinsic properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, high structural stability, and ease of modification of their surfaces and inner cavities. In vaccine development, these protein nanocages are suited for efficient targeting to and retention in the lymph nodes and can enhance immunogenicity through various mechanisms, including excellent uptake by antigen-presenting cells and crosslinking with multiple B cell receptors. This review highlights the superiority of protein nanocages as antigen delivery carriers based on their physiological and immunological properties such as biodistribution, immunogenicity, stability, and multifunctionality. With a focus on design, we discuss the utilization and efficacy of protein nanocages such as virus-like particles, caged proteins, and artificial caged proteins against cancer and infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, we summarize available knowledge on the protein nanocages that are currently used in clinical trials and provide a general outlook on conventional distribution techniques and hurdles faced, particularly for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong A Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeram Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeju Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyung Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ferritin - a multifaceted protein scaffold for biotherapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1652-1657. [PMID: 36192487 PMCID: PMC9527718 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferritin nanocage is an endogenous protein that exists in almost all mammals. Its hollow spherical structure that naturally stores iron ions has been diversely exploited by researchers in biotherapeutics. Ferritin has excellent biosafety profiles, and the nanosized particles exhibit rapid dispersion and controlled/sustained release pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the large surface-to-volume ratio and the disassembly/reassembly behavior of the 24 monomer subunits into a sphere allow diverse modifications by chemical and genetic methods on the surface and inner cage of ferritin. Here, we critically review ferritin and its applications. We (i) introduce the application of ferritin in drug delivery; (ii) present an overview of the use of ferritin in imaging and diagnosis for biomedical purposes; (iii) discuss ferritin-based vaccines; and (iv) review ferritin-based agents currently in clinical trials. Although there are no currently approved drugs based on ferritin, this multifunctional protein scaffold shows immense potential in drug development in diverse categories, and ferritin-based drugs have recently entered phase I clinical trials. This golden shortlist of recent developments will be of immediate benefit and interest to researchers studying ferritin and other protein-based biotherapeutics.
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Tang S, Li M, Chen L, Dai A, Liu Z, Wu M, Yang J, Hao H, Liang J, Zhou X, Qian Z. Codelivery of SARS-CoV-2 Prefusion-Spike Protein with CBLB502 by a Dual-Chambered Ferritin Nanocarrier Potentiates Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3329-3337. [PMID: 35737819 PMCID: PMC9236219 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of breakthrough infections are confirmed after intramuscular (i.m.) injection of the approved vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two major factors might contribute to breakthrough infections. One is the emergence of mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2, and the other is that i.m. injection has an inefficient ability to activate mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Here, we devised a dual-chambered nanocarrier that can codeliver the adjuvant CBLB502 with prefusion-spike (pre-S) onto a ferritin nanoparticle. This vaccine enabled enhanced systemic and local mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Further, codelivery of CBLB502 with pre-S induced a Th1/Th2-balanced immunoglobulin G response. Moreover, the codelivery nanoparticle showed a Th1-biased cellular immune response as the release of splenic INF-γ was significantly heightened while the level of IL-4 was elevated to a moderate extent. In general, the developed dual-chambered nanoparticle can trigger multifaceted immune responses and shows great potential for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Tang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Aguang Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Mangteng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &
Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai,
China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyun Hao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingdan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, College of
Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikang Qian
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,
Fudan University, 201058 Shanghai, China
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Kim SA, Kim S, Kim GB, Goo J, Kim N, Lee Y, Nam GH, Lim S, Kim T, Chang KH, Lee TG, Kim IS, Lee EJ. A Multivalent Vaccine Based on Ferritin Nanocage Elicits Potent Protective Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116123. [PMID: 35682801 PMCID: PMC9181758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created a global public crisis and heavily affected personal lives, healthcare systems, and global economies. Virus variants are continuously emerging, and, thus, the pandemic has been ongoing for over two years. Vaccines were rapidly developed based on the original SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) to build immunity against the coronavirus disease. However, they had a very low effect on the virus’ variants due to their low cross-reactivity. In this study, a multivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was developed using ferritin nanocages, which display the spike protein from the Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351, or B.1.429 SARS-CoV-2 on their surfaces. We show that the mixture of three SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-displaying nanocages elicits CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B-cell immunity successfully in vivo. Furthermore, they generate a more consistent antibody response against the B.1.351 and B.1.429 variants than a monovalent vaccine. This leads us to believe that the proposed ferritin-nanocage-based multivalent vaccine platform will provide strong protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong A. Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02456, Korea;
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Research and Development, ShiftBio, Seoul 02751, Korea; (S.K.); (G.B.K.); (G.-H.N.)
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Research and Development, ShiftBio, Seoul 02751, Korea; (S.K.); (G.B.K.); (G.-H.N.)
| | - Jiyoung Goo
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02456, Korea;
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyunghee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yeram Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Department of Research and Development, ShiftBio, Seoul 02751, Korea; (S.K.); (G.B.K.); (G.-H.N.)
| | - Seungho Lim
- R&D Department Drug Development Division, LabGenomics Corporation, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (S.L.); (T.K.); (K.H.C.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Taeerk Kim
- R&D Department Drug Development Division, LabGenomics Corporation, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (S.L.); (T.K.); (K.H.C.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Ki Hwan Chang
- R&D Department Drug Development Division, LabGenomics Corporation, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (S.L.); (T.K.); (K.H.C.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Tae Gyu Lee
- R&D Department Drug Development Division, LabGenomics Corporation, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (S.L.); (T.K.); (K.H.C.); (T.G.L.)
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02456, Korea;
- Department of Research and Development, ShiftBio, Seoul 02751, Korea; (S.K.); (G.B.K.); (G.-H.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (N.K.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (E.J.L.)
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040608. [PMID: 35455357 PMCID: PMC9025326 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.
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