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Akotkar L, Aswar U, Ganeshpurkar A, Rathod K, Bagad P, Gurav S. Phytoconstituents Targeting the Serotonin 5-HT 3 Receptor: Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Disorders. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1694-1710. [PMID: 38898946 PMCID: PMC11184608 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HT3R), a subtype of serotonin receptor, is a ligand-gated ion channel crucial in mediating fast synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This receptor significantly influences various neurological activities, encompassing neurotransmission, mood regulation, and cognitive processing; hence, it may serve as an innovative target for neurological disorders. Multiple studies have revealed promising results regarding the beneficial effects of these phytoconstituents and extracts on conditions such as nausea, vomiting, neuropathic pain depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, cognition, epilepsy, sleep, and dyskinesia via modulation of 5-HT3R in the pathophysiology of neurological disorder. The review delves into a detailed exploration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies and clinical studies that discussed phytoconstituents acting on 5-HT3R and attenuates difficulties in neurological diseases. The diverse mechanisms by which plant-derived phytoconstituents influence 5-HT3R activity offer exciting avenues for developing innovative therapeutic interventions. Besides producing an agonistic or antagonistic effect, some phytoconstituents exert modulatory effects on 5-HT3R activity through multifaceted mechanisms. These include γ-aminobutyric acid and cholinergic neuronal pathways, interactions with neurokinin (NK)-1, NK2, serotonergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic systems, dopaminergic influences, and mediation of calcium ions release and inflammatory cascades. Notably, the phytoconstituent's capacity to reduce oxidative stress has also emerged as a significant factor contributing to their modulatory role. Despite the promising implications, there is currently a dearth of exploration needed to understand the effect of phytochemicals on the 5-HT3R. Comprehensive preclinical and clinical research is of the utmost importance to broaden our knowledge of the potential therapeutic benefits associated with these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhit Akotkar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy,
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy,
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College
of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune411038, India
| | - Kundlik Rathod
- Department
of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy,
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Pradnya Bagad
- Department
of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy,
Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa 403001, India
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Nezhad Salari AM, Rasoulizadeh Z, Shabgah AG, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Sargazi G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Exploring the mechanisms of kaempferol in neuroprotection: Implications for neurological disorders. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3964. [PMID: 38439154 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound found in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential neuroprotective effects in neurological diseases. This research examines the existing literature concerning the involvement of kaempferol in neurological diseases, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, neuroblastoma/glioblastoma, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have illustrated that kaempferol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, contributing to its neuroprotective effects. Kaempferol has been shown to modulate key signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, such as the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, kaempferol exhibits potential therapeutic benefits by enhancing neuronal survival, attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing mitochondrial calcium channel activity, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting neurogenesis, and improving cognitive function. The evidence suggests that kaempferol holds promise as a natural compound for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of this intervention in human clinical trials, thereby contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Rasoulizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Sargazi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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Li H, Lv N, Li D, Qian Y, Si X, Hua Y, Wang Y, Han X, Xu T. Tongbian decoction restores intestinal microbiota and activates 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling: implication in slow transit constipation. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1296163. [PMID: 38287961 PMCID: PMC10822989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Slow transit constipation (STC) is a type of functional constipation. The detailed mechanism of STC, for which there is currently no effective treatment, is unknown as of yet. Tongbian decoction (TBD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is commonly used to treat STC in clinical settings. However, the potential impact of TBD on the management of STC via modulation of the gut microbiota remains unclear. Methods Pseudo-germ-free rats were constructed after 6 days of treatment with bacitracin, neomycin, and streptomycin (abbreviated as ABX forthwith). Based on the successful construction of pseudo-germ-free rats, the STC model (ABX + STC) was induced using loperamide hydrochloride. After successful modeling, based on the different sources of donor rat microbiota, the ABX + STC rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control → ABX + STC, STC → ABX + STC, and STC + TBD → ABX + STC for fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Body weight, fecal water content, and charcoal power propelling rate of the rats were recorded. Intestinal microbiota was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signaling pathway was examined by western blots, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results After treatment with fecal bacterial solutions derived from rats treated with Tongbian decoction (TBD), there was an increase in body weight, fecal water content, and the rate of charcoal propulsion in the rats. Additionally, activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signaling pathway was observed. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the fecal bacterial solution from TBD-treated rats affected the intestinal microbiota of STC rats by increasing the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and suppressing the expansion of harmful bacteria. Conclusion Our study showed that TBD alleviated constipation in STC rats by modulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongna Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xianghuan Si
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqing Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Huang Y, Yi Y, Chen Q, Li H, Feng S, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Liu C, Li J, Lu Q, Zhang L, Han W, Wu F, Ning Y. Analysis of EEG features and study of automatic classification in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:832. [PMID: 37957613 PMCID: PMC10644563 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high incidence and an unknown mechanism. There are no objective and sensitive indicators for clinical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE This study explored specific electrophysiological indicators and their role in the clinical diagnosis of MDD using machine learning. METHODS Forty first-episode and drug-naïve patients with MDD and forty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. EEG data were collected from all subjects in the resting state with eyes closed for 10 min. The severity of MDD was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Machine learning analysis was used to identify the patients with MDD. RESULTS Compared to the HC group, the relative power of the low delta and theta bands was significantly higher in the right occipital region, and the relative power of the alpha band in the entire posterior occipital region was significantly lower in the MDD group. In the MDD group, the alpha band scalp functional connectivity was overall lower, while the scalp functional connectivity in the gamma band was significantly higher than that in the HC group. In the feature set of the relative power of the ROI in each band, the highest accuracy of 88.2% was achieved using the KNN classifier while using PCA feature selection. In the explanatory model using SHAP values, the top-ranking influence feature is the relative power of the alpha band in the left parietal region. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the abnormal EEG neural oscillations may reflect an imbalance of excitation, inhibition and hyperactivity in the cerebral cortex in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with MDD. The relative power of the alpha band in the left parietal region is expected to be an objective electrophysiological indicator of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Yi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumiao Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuping Ning
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zaa CA, Espitia C, Reyes-Barrera KL, An Z, Velasco-Velázquez MA. Neuroprotective Agents with Therapeutic Potential for COVID-19. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1585. [PMID: 38002267 PMCID: PMC10669388 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients can exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations affecting various organs and systems. Neurological symptoms have been reported in COVID-19 patients, both during the acute phase of the illness and in cases of long-term COVID. Moderate symptoms include ageusia, anosmia, altered mental status, and cognitive impairment, and in more severe cases can manifest as ischemic cerebrovascular disease and encephalitis. In this narrative review, we delve into the reported neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, as well as the underlying mechanisms contributing to them. These mechanisms include direct damage to neurons, inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein misfolding. We further investigate the potential of small molecules from natural products to offer neuroprotection in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Through our analysis, we discovered that flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other natural compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects by modulating signaling pathways known to be impacted by COVID-19. Some of these compounds also directly target SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Therefore, molecules of natural origin show promise as potential agents to prevent or mitigate nervous system damage in COVID-19 patients. Further research and the evaluation of different stages of the disease are warranted to explore their potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Zaa
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Clara Espitia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.E.); (K.L.R.-B.)
| | - Karen L. Reyes-Barrera
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.E.); (K.L.R.-B.)
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Wang Y, Li R, Chen B. Cytogenetic Characterization and Metabolomic Differences of Full-Sib Progenies of Saccharum spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:810. [PMID: 36840158 PMCID: PMC9968213 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut is a worldwide fungal disease. Disease resistance breeding is the most economical and effective measure to prevent and control sugarcane smut. The cytogenetic characteristics and metabolomic differences of sugarcane F1s are closely related to disease resistance. Zhongzhe 1 and G160 sugarcane from the same parents (ROC25 and Yunzhe89-7) were used; the plants were grown in accordance with the barrel method. When the seedlings had 4-5 leaves, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was performed; digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled female parental (ROC25)DNA and biotin-labeled male parental (Yunzhe89-7) DNA were used as probes, and the karyotypes of two hybrids were analyzed. The new sugarcane smut-resistant variety (Zhongzhe 1) and the susceptible variety (G160) derived from the same parent were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (GC-MS) to compare the metabolomic differences between them. GISH analysis revealed that the chromosome ploidy number of Zhongzhe 1 sugarcane and G160 sugarcane were 114 and 110, respectively. However, the two contain different numbers of chromosomes from the female (ROC25) and male (Yunzhe89-7) parents. Moreover, 258 significantly changed metabolites were identified in smut-resistant Zhongzhe 1, as compared with the smut-susceptible G160 sugarcane: 56 flavonoids, 52 phenolic acids, 30 lipids, 26 organic acids, 26 amino acids and derivatives, 19 nucleotides and derivatives, 5 alkaloids, 9 terpenoids, and 35 others. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed a distinct difference in metabolic pathways between Zhongzhe 1 sugarcane and G160, and both of these varieties had unique functional metabolites. Differences in chromosome composition may constitute the genetic basis for the difference in resistance to smut disease between Zhongzhe 1 sugarcane and G160 sugarcane, and a high accumulation of flavonoids, lipids, terpenoids and tannins may constitute the basis of resistance to smut disease for the Zhongzhe 1 variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Arias HR, De Deurwaerdère P, El-Kasaby A, Di Giovanni G, Eom S, Lee JH, Freissmuth M, Chagraoui A. (+)-Catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine induce antidepressant-like activity in mice by differently recruiting serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175454. [PMID: 36549498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant-like activity of (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine [(-)-18-MC] was studied in male and female mice using forced swim (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). The underlying molecular mechanism was assessed by electrophysiological, radioligand, and functional experiments. The FST results showed that acute administration (40 mg/kg) of (+)-catharanthine or (-)-18-MC induces similar antidepressant-like activity in male and female mice at 1 h and 24 h, whereas the TST results showed a lower effect for (-)-18-MC at 24 h. Repeated treatment at lower dose (20 mg/kg) augmented the efficacy of both congeners. The FST results showed that (-)-18-MC reduces immobility and increases swimming times without changing climbing behavior, whereas (+)-catharanthine reduces immobility time, increases swimming times more markedly, and increases climbing behavior. To investigate the contribution of the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters in the antidepressant effects of (+)-catharanthine and (-)-18-MC, we conducted in vitro radioligand and functional studies. Results obtained demonstrated that (+)-catharanthine inhibits norepinephrine transporter with higher potency/affinity than that for (-)-18-MC, whereas both congeners inhibit serotonin transporter with similar potency/affinity. Moreover, whereas no congener activated/inhibited/potentiated the function of serotonin receptor 3A or serotonin receptor 3AB, both increased serotonin receptor 3A receptor desensitization. Depletion of serotonin decreased the antidepressant-like activity of both congeners, whereas norepinephrine depletion only decreased (+)-catharanthine's activity. Our study shows that coronaridine congeners induce antidepressant-like activity in a dose- and time-dependent, and sex-independent, manner. The antidepressant-like property of both compounds involves serotonin transporter inhibition, without directly activating/inhibiting serotonin receptors 3, while (+)-catharanthine also mobilizes norepinephrinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Arias
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR, 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta, Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Junho H Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, CHU de Rouen, France; Différenciation et Communication Neuroendocrine, Endocrine et Germinale Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), University of Rouen, INSERM 1239, 76000, Rouen, France.
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Woldańska-Okońska M, Koszela K. Chronic-Exposure Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (Magnetotherapy and Magnetic Stimulation) Influence Serum Serotonin Concentrations in Patients with Low Back Pain-Clinical Observation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9743. [PMID: 35955097 PMCID: PMC9368470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The influence of serotonin on many regulatory mechanisms has not been sufficiently studied. The use of a physical method, assuming the possibility of its action on increasing the concentration of serotonin, may be the direction of therapy limiting the number of antidepressants used. The aim of the research was to study the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields of different characteristics on the circadian profile of serotonin in men with low back pain. (2) Methods: 16 men with back pain syndrome participated in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. In group 1, magnetotherapy (2.9 mT, 40 Hz, square wave, bipolar) was applied at 10.00 a.m. In group 2, the M2P2 magnetic stimulation program of the Viofor JPS device was used. Treatments in each group lasted 3 weeks, 5 days each, with breaks for Saturday and Sunday. The daily serotonin profile was determined the day before the exposure and the day after the last treatment. Blood samples (at night with red light) were collected at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, 24:00, and 4:00. The patients did not suffer from any chronic or acute disease and were not taking any medications. (3) Results: In group 1, a significant increase in serotonin concentration was observed after 15 treatments at 4:00. In group 2, a significant increase in serotonin concentration was observed at 8:00 after the end of the treatments. In comparison between magnetotherapy and magnetic stimulation, the time points at which differences appeared after the application of serotonin occurred due to the increase in its concentrations after the application of magnetic stimulation. (4) Conclusions: Magnetotherapy and magnetic stimulation, acting in a similar way, increase the concentration of serotonin. Weak magnetic fields work similarly to the stronger ones used in TMS. It is possible to use them in the treatment of mental disorders or other diseases with low serotonin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Koszela
- Neuroorthopedics and Neurology Clinic and Polyclinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
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The Application of the Neuroprotective and Potential Antioxidant Effect of Ergotamine Mediated by Targeting N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081471. [PMID: 36009192 PMCID: PMC9405237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate fast excitatory currents leading to depolarization. Postsynaptic NMDARs are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory glutamate or glycine signaling in the CNS and play a primary role in long-term potentiation, which is a major form of use-dependent synaptic plasticity. The overstimulation of NMDARs mediates excessive Ca2+ influx to postsynaptic neurons and facilitates more production of ROS, which induces neuronal apoptosis. (2) Methods: To confirm the induced inward currents by the coapplication of glutamate and ergotamine on NMDARs, a two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) was conducted. The ergotamine-mediated inhibitory effects of NR1a/NR2A subunits were explored among four different kinds of recombinant NMDA subunits. In silico docking modeling was performed to confirm the main binding site of ergotamine. (3) Results: The ergotamine-mediated inhibitory effect on the NR1a/NR2A subunits has concentration-dependent, reversible, and voltage-independent properties. The major binding sites were V169 of the NR1a subunit and N466 of the NR2A subunit. (4) Conclusion: Ergotamine effectively inhibited NR1a/NR2A subunit among the subtypes of NMDAR. This inhibition effect can prevent excessive Ca2+ influx, which prevents neuronal death.
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Zhao X, Yan Y, Zhou WH, Feng RZ, Shuai YK, Yang L, Liu MJ, He XY, Wei Q. Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the accumulation of secondary metabolites in different varieties of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:243. [PMID: 35585490 PMCID: PMC9116011 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li, whose leaves produce essential oils, is a traditional Chinese medicine and economically important tree species. In our study, two C. longepaniculatum varieties that have significantly different essential oil contents and leaf phenotypes were selected as the materials to investigate secondary metabolism. RESULT The essential oil content and leaf phenotypes were different between the two varieties. When the results of both transcriptome and metabolomic analyses were combined, it was found that the differences were related to phenylalanine metabolic pathways, particularly the metabolism of flavonoids and terpenoids. The transcriptome results based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways involving phenylpropanoids, tryptophan biosynthesis and terpenoids significantly differed between the two varieties; 11 DEGs (2 upregulated and 9 downregulated) were associated with the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and 12 DEGs (2 upregulated and 10 downregulated) were related to the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Through further analysis of the leaves, we detected 196 metabolites in C. longepaniculatum. The abundance of 49 (26 downregulated and 23 upregulated) metabolites differed between the two varieties, which is likely related to the differences in the accumulation of these metabolites. We identified 12 flavonoids, 8 terpenoids and 8 alkaloids and identified 4 kinds of PMFs from the leaves of C. longepaniculatum. CONCLUSIONS The combined results of transcriptome and metabolomic analyses revealed a strong correlation between metabolite contents and gene expression. We speculate that light leads to differences in the secondary metabolism and phenotypes of leaves of different varieties of C. longepaniculatum. This research provides data for secondary metabolite studies and lays a solid foundation for breeding ideal C. longepaniculatum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-hai Zhou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-zhang Feng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-kang Shuai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-jie Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-yan He
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wei
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, YiBin University, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin, 644000 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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