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Johri N, Matreja PS, Agarwal S, Nagar P, Kumar D, Maurya A. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Activated Protein C (APC) in Mitigating Reperfusion Injury and Cardiac Ischemia: a Promising Avenue for Novel Therapeutic Interventions. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:345-355. [PMID: 37851312 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, which results from plaque formation in the coronary arteries, hinders the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart, leading to ischemia. Reperfusion injury remains a significant challenge for researchers, and the mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) are not entirely understood. The review directs future research into potential targets in clinical treatment based on our present understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of MIRI. The study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying MIRI and offers direction for future research in this area. The use of targeted therapies may hold promise in improving cardiac function in the elderly and minimizing the adverse effects of revascularization therapies. The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of activated protein C (APC) in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and discuss the potential of APC-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Johri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Prithpal S Matreja
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalabh Agarwal
- Department of Cardiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Nagar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepanshu Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Maurya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Qu G, Li X, Jin R, Guan D, Ji J, Li S, Shi H, Tong P, Gan W, Zhang A. MicroRNA-26a alleviates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by targeting PAR4. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18099. [PMID: 38164021 PMCID: PMC10844712 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that miR-26a alleviates aldosterone-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). However, the effect of miR-26a on TIF in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. This study clarifies the role and possible mechanism of exogenous miR-26a in controlling the progression of TIF in DKD models. Firstly, we showed that miR-26a was markedly decreased in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) treated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM) using RT-qPCR. We then used adeno-associated virus carrying miR-26a and adenovirus miR-26a to enhance the expression of miR-26a in vivo and in vitro. Overexpressing miR-26a alleviated the TIF in db/db mice and the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in HG-stimulated mTECs. These protective effects were caused by reducing expression of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), which involved in multiple pro-fibrotic pathways. The rescue of PAR4 expression reversed the anti-fibrosis activity of miR-26a. We conclude that miR-26a alleviates TIF in DKD models by directly targeting PAR4, which may provide a novel molecular strategy for DKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoting Qu
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Ran Jin
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Dian Guan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Jialing Ji
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Pingfan Tong
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
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Nunthanasup N, Ketprasit N, Noulsri E, Palasuwan A, Combes V, Kulkeaw K, Palasuwan D. Thrombopoietin-independent generation of platelet-like particles from megakaryoblastic cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22553. [PMID: 38110522 PMCID: PMC10728061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of megakaryoblastic leukemia MEG-01 cells can help reveal the mechanisms of thrombopoiesis. However, conventional in vitro activation of platelet release from MEG-01 cells requires thrombopoietin, which is costly. Here, we aim to develop a more straightforward and affordable method. Synchronization of the MEG-01 cells was initially performed using serum-free culture, followed by spontaneous cell differentiation in the presence of serum. Different stages of megakaryoblast differentiation were classified based on cell morphology, DNA content, and cell cycle. The MEG-01 cells released platelet-like particles at a level comparable to that of the thrombopoietin-activated MEG-01 cells. The platelet-like particles were distinguishable from PLP-derived extracellular vesicles and could express P-selectin following ADP activation. Importantly, the platelet-like particles induced fibrin clotting in vitro using platelet-poor plasma. Therefore, this thrombopoietin-independent cell synchronization method is an effective and straightforward method for studying megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiporn Nunthanasup
- Program in Clinical Hematology Sciences, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutpakal Ketprasit
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Attakorn Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Valery Combes
- Malaria and Microvesicles Research Group, School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Duangdao Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Polina I, Mishra J, Cypress MW, Landherr M, Valkov N, Chaput I, Nieto B, Mende U, Zhang P, Jhun BS, O-Uchi J. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) variants form plasma-membrane channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551242. [PMID: 37577584 PMCID: PMC10418069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
MCU is widely recognized as a responsible gene for encoding a pore-forming subunit of highly mitochondrial-specific and Ca 2+ -selective channel, mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex (mtCUC). Here, we report a novel short variant derived from the MCU gene (termed MCU-S) which lacks mitochondria-targeted sequence and forms a Ca 2+ - permeable channel outside of mitochondria. MCU-S was ubiquitously expressed in all cell-types/tissues, with particularly high expression in human platelets. MCU-S formed Ca 2+ channels at the plasma membrane, which exhibited similar channel properties to those observed in mtCUC. MCU-S channels at the plasma membrane served as an additional Ca 2+ influx pathway for platelet activation. Our finding is completely distinct from the originally reported MCU gene function and provides novel insights into the molecular basis of MCU variant-dependent cellular Ca 2+ handling.
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Lee DH, Kwak HJ, Shin Y, Kim SJ, Lee GH, Park IH, Kim SH, Kang KS. Elucidation of Phytochemicals Affecting Platelet Responsiveness in Dangguisu-san: Active Ingredient Prediction and Experimental Research Using Network Pharmacology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1120. [PMID: 36903980 PMCID: PMC10005453 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals are emerging as novel agents for protection against chronic disorders. Dangguisu-san is a herbal prescription to invigorate the blood and relieve pain. Among the numerous active constituents of Dangguisu-san, those expected to be effective at inhibiting platelet aggregation were predicted using a network pharmacological method, and their efficacy was experimentally demonstrated. All four identified chemical components, namely chrysoeriol, apigenin, luteolin, and sappanchalcone, suppressed the aggregation of platelets to a certain extent. However, we report, for the first time, that chrysoeriol acts as a strong inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Although additional in vivo studies are needed, among the complex constituents of herbal medicines, the components that exert an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation were predicted using a network pharmacological method and experimentally confirmed with human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, Cheonan 31020, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, Cheonan 31020, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Ryu K, Heo Y, Lee Y, Jeon H, Namkung W. Berbamine Reduces Chloroquine-Induced Itch in Mice through Inhibition of MrgprX1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214321. [PMID: 36430803 PMCID: PMC9698483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is an antimalaria drug that has been widely used for decades. However, CQ-induced pruritus remains one of the major obstacles in CQ treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Recent studies have revealed that MrgprX1 plays an essential role in CQ-induced itch. To date, a few MrgprX1 antagonists have been discovered, but they are clinically unavailable or lack selectivity. Here, a cell-based high-throughput screening was performed to identify novel antagonists of MrgprX1, and the screening of 2543 compounds revealed two novel MrgprX1 inhibitors, berbamine and closantel. Notably, berbamine potently inhibited CQ-mediated MrgprX1 activation (IC50 = 1.6 μM) but did not alter the activity of other pruritogenic GPCRs. In addition, berbamine suppressed the CQ-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Interestingly, CQ-induced pruritus was significantly reduced by berbamine in a dose-dependent manner, but berbamine had no effect on histamine-induced, protease-activated receptors 2-activating peptide-induced, and deoxycholic acid-induced itch in mice. These results suggest that berbamine is a novel, potent, and selective antagonist of MrgprX1 and may be a potential drug candidate for the development of therapeutic agents to treat CQ-induced pruritus.
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