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Chianese D, Bonora M, Sambataro M, Sambato L, Paola LD, Tremoli E, Cappucci IP, Scatto M, Pinton P, Picari M, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Exploring Mitochondrial Interactions with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields: An Insightful Inquiry into Strategies for Addressing Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7783. [PMID: 39063025 PMCID: PMC11277522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are recognized for their potential in regenerative medicine, offering a non-invasive avenue for tissue rejuvenation. While prior research has mainly focused on their effects on bone and dermo-epidermal tissues, the impact of PEMFs on nervous tissue, particularly in the context of neuropathy associated with the diabetic foot, remains relatively unexplored. Addressing this gap, our preliminary in vitro study investigates the effects of complex magnetic fields (CMFs) on glial-like cells derived from mesenchymal cell differentiation, serving as a model for neuropathy of the diabetic foot. Through assessments of cellular proliferation, hemocompatibility, mutagenicity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, we have established the safety profile of the system. Furthermore, the analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) suggests that CMFs may exert beneficial effects on cell cycle regulation, as evidenced by the upregulation of the miRNAs within the 121, 127, and 142 families, which are known to be associated with mitochondrial function and cell cycle control. This exploration holds promise for potential applications in mitigating neuropathic complications in diabetic foot conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Chianese
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44133 Ferrara, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44133 Ferrara, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Sambataro
- Endocrine, Metabolism and Nutrition Disease Unit, Ca’ Foncello Sant Mary Hospital, 30193 Treviso, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Luisa Sambato
- Endocrine, Metabolism and Nutrition Disease Unit, Ca’ Foncello Sant Mary Hospital, 30193 Treviso, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Luca Dalla Paola
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.T.); (I.P.C.)
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.T.); (I.P.C.)
| | - Ilenia Pia Cappucci
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.T.); (I.P.C.)
| | - Marco Scatto
- Department of Economics, Science, Engineering and Design, San Marino University, 47890 Città di San Marino, San Marino;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44133 Ferrara, Italy; (D.C.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Massimo Picari
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44133 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.T.); (I.P.C.)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44133 Ferrara, Italy;
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Wu C, Chen X, Huang W, Yang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Liu L, Chen Y, Jiang X, Zhang J. Electric fields reverse the differentiation of keratinocyte monolayer by down-regulating E-cadherin through PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33069. [PMID: 39022057 PMCID: PMC11252959 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is an important step in skin wound healing, referring to the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes around the wound. During this process, the edges of the wound begin to form new epithelial cells, which migrate from the periphery of the wound towards the center, gradually covering the entire wound area. These newly formed epithelial cells proliferate and differentiate, ultimately forming a protective layer over the exposed dermal surface. Wound endogenous electric fields (EFs) are known as the dominant factor to facilitate the epidermal migration to wound center. However, the precise mechanisms by which EFs promote epidermal migration remains elusive. Here, we found that in a model of cultured keratinocyte monolayer in vitro, EFs application reversed the differentiation of cells, as indicated by the reduction of the early differentiation markers K1 and K10. Genetic manipulation confirmed that EFs reversed keratinocyte differentiation through down-regulating the E-cadherin-mediated adhesion. By RNA-sequencing analysis, we screened out Snail as the transcription suppressor of E-cadherin. Snail knockdown abolished the down-regulation of E-cadherin and the reversal of differentiation induced by EFs. KEGG analysis identified PI3K/AKT signaling for Snail induction under EFs. Inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 diminished the EFs-induced AKT activation and Snail augmentation, largely restoring the level of E-cadherin reduced by EFs. Finally, in model of full-thickness skin wounds in pigs, we found that weakening of the wound endogenous EFs by the direction-reversed exogenous EFs resulted in an up-regulation of E-cadherin and earlier differentiation in newly formed epidermis in vivo. Our research suggests that electric fields (EFs) decrease E-cadherin expression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway, thereby reversing the differentiation of keratinocytes. This discovery provides us with new insights into the role of electric fields in wound healing. EFs intervene in intracellular signaling pathways, inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin, which results in a lower differentiation state of keratinocytes. In this state, keratinocytes exhibit increased migratory capacity, facilitating the migration of epidermal cells and wound reepithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wanqi Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Luojia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Casciati A, Taddei AR, Rampazzo E, Persano L, Viola G, Cani A, Bresolin S, Cesi V, Antonelli F, Mancuso M, Merla C, Tanori M. Involvement of Mitochondria in the Selective Response to Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields on Healthy and Cancer Stem Cells in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2233. [PMID: 38396911 PMCID: PMC10889160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, pulsed electric fields have emerged as promising clinical tools for tumor treatments. This study highlights the distinct impact of a specific pulsed electric field protocol, PEF-5 (0.3 MV/m, 40 μs, 5 pulses), on astrocytes (NHA) and medulloblastoma (D283) and glioblastoma (U87 NS) cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). We pursued this goal by performing ultrastructural analyses corroborated by molecular/omics approaches to understand the vulnerability or resistance mechanisms triggered by PEF-5 exposure in the different cell types. Electron microscopic analyses showed that, independently of exposed cells, the main targets of PEF-5 were the cell membrane and the cytoskeleton, causing membrane filopodium-like protrusion disappearance on the cell surface, here observed for the first time, accompanied by rapid cell swelling. PEF-5 induced different modifications in cell mitochondria. A complete mitochondrial dysfunction was demonstrated in D283, while a mild or negligible perturbation was observed in mitochondria of U87 NS cells and NHAs, respectively, not sufficient to impair their cell functions. Altogether, these results suggest the possibility of using PEF-based technology as a novel strategy to target selectively mitochondria of brain CSCs, preserving healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Great Equipment Center-Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health (SDB), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.R.); (L.P.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (S.B.)
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health (SDB), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.R.); (L.P.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (S.B.)
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health (SDB), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.R.); (L.P.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (S.B.)
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health (SDB), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.R.); (L.P.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (S.B.)
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health (SDB), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.R.); (L.P.); (G.V.); (A.C.); (S.B.)
- Pediatric Research Institute (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cesi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.); (F.A.); (M.M.)
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Camera F, Colantoni E, Garcia-Sanchez T, Benassi B, Consales C, Muscat A, Vallet L, Mir LM, Andre F, Merla C. In Vitro Imaging and Molecular Characterization of Ca 2+ Flux Modulation by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15616. [PMID: 37958601 PMCID: PMC10647260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of pulsed electric fields with very short durations (nanoseconds) and extremely high amplitudes (MV/m) has been investigated for novel medical purposes. Various electric protocols have been explored for different objectives, including the utilization of fractionated pulse doses to enhance cell electrosensitization to the uptake of different markers or an increase in apoptosis. This study focused on the use of fluorescence imaging to examine molecular calcium fluxes induced by different fractionated protocols of short electric pulses in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and mesenchymal stem cells (HaMSCs) that were electroporated using nanosecond pulsed electric fields. In our experimental setup, we did not observe cell electrosensitization in terms of an increase in calcium flux following the administration of fractionated doses of nanosecond pulsed electric fields with respect to the non-fractionated dose. However, we observed the targeted activation of calcium-dependent genes (c-FOS, c-JUN, EGR1, NURR-1, β3-TUBULIN) based on the duration of calcium flux, independent of the instantaneous levels achieved but solely dependent on the final plateau reached. This level of control may have potential applications in various medical and biological treatments that rely on calcium and the delivery of nanosecond pulsed electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camera
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.); (B.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Eleonora Colantoni
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.); (B.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Tomas Garcia-Sanchez
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.); (B.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.); (B.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Adeline Muscat
- CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis, (METSY), Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805 Villejuif, France; (A.M.); (L.V.); (L.M.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Leslie Vallet
- CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis, (METSY), Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805 Villejuif, France; (A.M.); (L.V.); (L.M.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Luis M. Mir
- CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis, (METSY), Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805 Villejuif, France; (A.M.); (L.V.); (L.M.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Franck Andre
- CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of the Oncogenesis, (METSY), Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805 Villejuif, France; (A.M.); (L.V.); (L.M.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (E.C.); (B.B.); (C.C.)
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Atsu PM, Mowen C, Thompson GL. Enhanced Cell Viability and Migration of Primary Bovine Annular Fibrosus Fibroblast-like Cells Induced by Microsecond Pulsed Electric Field Exposure. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36815-36822. [PMID: 37841191 PMCID: PMC10568721 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to report the enhancement of cell migration and proliferation induced by in vitro microsecond pulsed electric field (μsPEF) exposure of primary bovine annulus fibrosus (AF) fibroblast-like cells. AF primary cells isolated from fresh bovine intervertebral disks (IVDs) are exposed to 10 and 100 μsPEFs with different numbers of pulses and applied electric field strengths. The results indicate that 10 μs-duration pulses induce reversible electroporation, while 100 μs pulses induce irreversible electroporation of the cells. Additionally, μsPEF exposure increased AF cell proliferation up to 150% while increasing the average migration speed by 0.08 μm/min over 24 h. The findings suggest that the effects of PEF exposure on cells are multifactorial-depending on the duration, intensity, and number of pulses used in the stimulation. This highlights the importance of optimizing the μsPEF parameters for specific cell types and applications. For instance, if the goal is to induce cell death for cancer treatment, then high numbers of pulses can be used to maximize the lethal effects. On the other hand, if the goal is to enhance cell proliferation, a combination of the number of pulses and the applied electric field strength can be tuned to achieve the desired outcome. The information gleaned from this study can be applied in the future to in vitro cell culture expansion and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince M. Atsu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Connor Mowen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Gary L. Thompson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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Asadipour K, Zhou C, Yi V, Beebe SJ, Xiao S. Ultra-Low Intensity Post-Pulse Affects Cellular Responses Caused by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1069. [PMID: 37760171 PMCID: PMC10525734 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEF) can preferentially induce various effects, most notably regulated cell death and tumor elimination. These effects have almost exclusively been shown to be associated with nsPEF waveforms defined by pulse duration, rise time, amplitude (electric field), and pulse number. Other factors, such as low-intensity post-pulse waveform, have been completely overlooked. In this study, we show that post-pulse waveforms can alter the cell responses produced by the primary pulse waveform and can even elicit unique cellular responses, despite the primary pulse waveform being nearly identical. We employed two commonly used pulse generator designs, namely the Blumlein line (BL) and the pulse forming line (PFL), both featuring nearly identical 100 ns pulse durations, to investigate various cellular effects. Although the primary pulse waveforms were nearly identical in electric field and frequency distribution, the post-pulses differed between the two designs. The BL's post-pulse was relatively long-lasting (~50 µs) and had an opposite polarity to the main pulse, whereas the PFL's post-pulse was much shorter (~2 µs) and had the same polarity as the main pulse. Both post-pulse amplitudes were less than 5% of the main pulse, but the different post-pulses caused distinctly different cellular responses. The thresholds for dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of viability, and increase in plasma membrane PI permeability all occurred at lower pulsing numbers for the PFL than the BL, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation occurred at similar pulsing numbers for both pulser designs. The PFL decreased spare respiratory capacity (SRC), whereas the BL increased SRC. Only the PFL caused a biphasic effect on trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET). These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that conditions resulting from low post-pulse intensity charging have a significant impact on cell responses and should be considered when comparing the results from similar pulse waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Asadipour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (C.Z.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Carol Zhou
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (C.Z.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Vincent Yi
- Ocean Lakes High School, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, USA;
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (C.Z.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Shu Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (C.Z.); (S.J.B.)
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Antonelli F. 3D Cell Models in Radiobiology: Improving the Predictive Value of In Vitro Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10620. [PMID: 37445795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is intrinsically complex, comprising both heterogeneous cellular composition and extracellular matrix. In vitro cancer research models have been widely used in the past to model and study cancer. Although two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models have traditionally been used for cancer research, they have many limitations, such as the disturbance of interactions between cellular and extracellular environments and changes in cell morphology, polarity, division mechanism, differentiation and cell motion. Moreover, 2D cell models are usually monotypic. This implies that 2D tumor models are ineffective at accurately recapitulating complex aspects of tumor cell growth, as well as their radiation responses. Over the past decade there has been significant uptake of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models by cancer researchers, highlighting a complementary model for studies of radiation effects on tumors, especially in conjunction with chemotherapy. The introduction of 3D cell culture approaches aims to model in vivo tissue interactions with radiation by positioning itself halfway between 2D cell and animal models, and thus opening up new possibilities in the study of radiation response mechanisms of healthy and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
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Novickij V, Rembiałkowska N, Kasperkiewicz-Wasilewska P, Baczyńska D, Rzechonek A, Błasiak P, Kulbacka J. Pulsed electric fields with calcium ions stimulate oxidative alternations and lipid peroxidation in human non-small cell lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184055. [PMID: 36152727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are commonly used to facilitate the delivery of various molecules, including pharmaceuticals, into living cells. However, the applied protocols still require optimization regarding the conditions of the permeabilization process, i.e., pulse waveform, voltage, duration, and the number of pulses in a burst. This study highlights the importance of electrochemical processes involved in the electropermeabilization process, known as electroporation. This research investigated the effects of electroporation on human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) in potassium (SKM) and HEPES-based buffers (SHM) using sub-microsecond and microsecond range pulses. The experiments were performed using 100 ns - 100 μs (0.6-15 kV/cm) bursts with 8 pulses in a sequence. It was shown that depending on the buffer composition, the susceptibility of cells to PEF varies, while calcium enhances the cytotoxic effects of PEF, if high cell membrane permeabilization is triggered. It was also determined that electroporation with calcium ions induces oxidative stress in cells, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neutral lipid droplets. Here, we demonstrated that calcium ions and optimized pulse parameters could potentiate PEF efficacy and oxidative alternations in lung cancer cells. Thus, the anticancer efficacy of PEF in lung cancers in combination with standard cytostatic drugs or calcium ions should be considered, but this issue still requires in-depth detailed studies with in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-430 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błasiak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-430 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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