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Pflieger T, Venkatesh R, Dachtler M, Cooke K, Laufer S, Lunter D. Influence of design parameters on sustained drug release properties of 3D-printed theophylline tablets. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124207. [PMID: 38718971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of three-dimensional printing (3DP) in the pharmaceutical industry brings a broad spectrum of benefits to patients by addressing individual needs and improve treatment success. This study investigates the sustained release properties of 3DP tablets containing Theophylline (TPH), which is commonly used to treat respiratory diseases and recently having a comeback due to its potential in the treatment of conditions like Covid-19. Since TPH is a narrow therapeutic window (NTW) drug with serious side effects in the event of overdose, the release properties must be observed particularly closely. We employed a state-of-the-art single screw extrusion 3D printer, which is fed with granules containing the drug. By employing a Taguchi orthogonal array design of experiments (DOE), tablet design parameters and factor related process stability were sought to be evaluated fundamentally. Following this, examinations regarding tailored TPH dosages were undertaken and a relationship between the real printed dose of selected tablet designs and their sustained drug release was established. The release profiles were analyzed using different mathematical model fits and compared in terms of mean dissolution times (MDT). Finally, in-vivo/in-vitro correlation (IVIVC) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling showed that a paradigm patient group could be covered with the dosage forms produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pflieger
- DiHeSys Digital Health Systems GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 19, 73529 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany; Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rakesh Venkatesh
- DiHeSys Digital Health Systems GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 19, 73529 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - Markus Dachtler
- DiHeSys Digital Health Systems GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 19, 73529 Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - Karin Cooke
- Gen-Plus GmbH & Co. KG, Staffelseestrasse 6, 81477 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominique Lunter
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
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2
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Saeed S, Shahzadi I, Zahoor AF, Al-Mutairi AA, Kamal S, Faisal S, Irfan A, Al-Hussain SA, Muhammed MT, Zaki MEA. Exploring theophylline-1,2,4-triazole tethered N-phenylacetamide derivatives as antimicrobial agents: unraveling mechanisms via structure-activity relationship, in vitro validation, and in silico insights. Front Chem 2024; 12:1372378. [PMID: 38645776 PMCID: PMC11026557 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1372378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Theophylline, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, serves as a promising focal point for medicinal researchers aiming to create derivatives with diverse pharmacological applications. In this work, we present an improved synthetic method for a range of theophylline-1,2,4-triazole-S-linked N-phenyl acetamides (4a‒g) utilizing ultrasound-assisted synthetic approach. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of synthesized theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles (4a‒g) as inhibitors of HCV serine protease and as antibacterial agents against B. subtilis QB-928 and E. coli AB-274. Theophylline-1,2,4-triazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields (69%-95%) in a shorter time than conventional approach. 4-Chlorophenyl moiety containing theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4c displayed significantly higher inhibitory activity against HCV serine protease enzyme (IC50 = 0.015 ± 0.25 mg) in comparison to ribavirin (IC50 = 0.165 ± 0.053 mg), but showed excellent binding affinity (-7.55 kcal/mol) with the active site of serine protease, better than compound 4c (-6.90 kcal/mol) as well as indole-based control compound 5 (-7.42 kcal/mol). In terms of percentage inhibition of serine protease, 2-chlorophenyl compound 4b showed the maximum percentage inhibition (86%), more than that of the 3,4-dichlorophenyl compound 4c (76%) and ribavirin (81%). 3,4-Dimethylphenyl-based theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4g showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 0.28 ± 0.50 μg/mL) against the B. subtilis bacterial strain as compared to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 1 ± 1.50 μg/mL). The other 4-methylphenyl theophylline-1,2,4-triazole 4e (MIC = 0.20 ± 0.08 μg/mL) displayed the most potent antibacterial potential against E. coli in comparison to the standard drug penicillin (MIC = 2.4 ± 1.00 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies further helped in an extensive understanding of all of the interactions between compounds and the enzyme active site, and DFT studies were also employed to gain insights into the molecular structure of the synthesized compounds. The results indicated that theophylline-linked triazole derivatives 4b and 4c showed promise as leading contenders in the fight against the HCV virus. Moreover, compounds 4e and 4g demonstrated potential as effective chemotherapeutic agents against E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively. To substantiate these findings, additional in vivo studies and clinical trials are imperative, laying the groundwork for their integration into future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Liang S, Zheng YY, Pan Y. Blood transcriptome analysis uncovered COVID-19-myocarditis crosstalk. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106587. [PMID: 38373644 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The condition of COVID-19-related myocarditis has emerged as a prominent contributor to COVID-19 mortality. As the epidemic persists, its incidence continues to rise. Despite ongoing efforts, the elucidation of COVID-19-related myocarditis underlying molecular mechanisms still requires further investigation. METHODS Hub genes for COVID-19-related myocarditis were screened by integrating gene expression profile analysis via differential expression in COVID-19 (GSE196822) and myocarditis (GSE148153 and GSE147517). After verification with independent datasets (GSE211979, GSE167028, GSE178491 and GSE215865), the hub genes were studied using a range of systems-biology approaches, such as ceRNA, TF-mRNA networks and PPI networks, as well as gene ontology, pathway enrichment, immune infiltration analysis and drug target identification. RESULTS TBKBP1 and ERGIC1 were identified as COVID-19-related myocarditis hub genes via integrated bioinformatics analysis. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves constructed based on the expression levels of TBKBP1 and ERGIC1 could effectively distinguish healthy control individuals from patients with COVID-19. Functional enrichment analysis suggested several enriched biological pathways related to inflammation and immune response. Immune cell changes correlated with TBKBP1 and ERGIC1 levels in patients with COVID-19 or patients with COVID-19 and myocarditis. Tamibarotene, methotrexate and theophylline were identified as a potential drug targeting TBKBP1 and ERGIC1. CONCLUSION TBKBP1 and ERGIC1 were identified as crucial genes in the development of COVID-19-related myocarditis and have demonstrated a strong association with innate antiviral immunity. The present work may be helpful for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms and new therapeutic drug targets correlated with myocarditis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Pharmacy Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Pharmacy Department, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
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Sakkal M, Arafat M, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, AbuRuz S. Preparation and Characterization of Theophylline Controlled Release Matrix System Incorporating Poloxamer 407, Stearyl Alcohol, and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose: A Novel Formulation and Development Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:643. [PMID: 38475326 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theophylline (THN), a bronchodilator with potential applications in emerging conditions like COVID-19, requires a controlled-release delivery system due to its narrow therapeutic range and short half-life. This need is particularly crucial as some existing formulations demonstrate impaired functionality. This study aims to develop a new 12-h controlled-release matrix system (CRMS) in the form of a capsule to optimize dosing intervals. METHODS CRMSs were developed using varying proportions of poloxamer 407 (P-407), stearyl alcohol (STA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) through the fusion technique. Their in vitro dissolution profiles were then compared with an FDA-approved THN drug across different pH media. The candidate formulation underwent characterization using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, a comprehensive stability study was conducted. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that adjusting the concentrations of excipients effectively controlled drug release. Notably, the CRMS formulation 15 (CRMS-F15), which was composed of 30% P-407, 30% STA, and 10% HPMC, closely matched the 12 h controlled-release profile of an FDA-approved drug across various pH media. Characterization techniques verified the successful dispersion of the drug within the matrix. Furthermore, CRMS-F15 maintained a consistent controlled drug release and demonstrated stability under a range of storage conditions. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed CRMS-F15 achieved a 12 h controlled release, comparable to its FDA-approved counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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5
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Metwally NH, Elgemeie GH, Fahmy FG. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzothiazolyl-pyridine Hybrids as New Antiviral Agents against H5N1 Bird Flu and SARS-COV-2 Viruses. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36636-36654. [PMID: 37841136 PMCID: PMC10568744 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of benzothiazolyl-pyridine hybrids 8a-h and 14a-e were produced from the reaction of enamine derivative 4 with each of the arylcyanoacetamides 5a-h and cyanoacetohydrazides 9a-e. The new products were characterized by spectral techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS). Biological evaluation of 8a-h and 14a-e in vitro against H5N1 and SARS-COV-2 viruses showed that several compounds had significant activity. Compounds 8f-h, which contain fluorine atoms, have better activity against H5N1 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 viruses than the other compounds included in this study. Compound 8h has a trifluoromethyl group at position-3 of the phenyl ring and exhibits a high activity against H5N1 virus with 93 and 60% inhibition at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 μmol/μL, respectively, among the tested compounds, and it also showed anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus with a half-maximum inhibition rate of 3.669 μM, among the remaining compounds. The mechanism of action of 8f-h, which is expected to be repurposed against COVID-19, was investigated. The results showed that the compounds have virucidal effects at different stages of the three mechanisms of action. Furthermore, compounds 8f-h were found to possess CoV-3CL protease inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 544.6, 868.2, and 240.6 μg/mL, respectively, compared to IC50 = 129.8 μg/mL of the standard drug lopinavir. Interestingly, compounds 8f-h also showed high inhibitory activity against the H5N1 virus as well as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, compounds 8f-h fit admirably into the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6LU7) using the molecular docking Moe software 2015.10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatma Gomaa Fahmy
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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Chen LX, Yin SJ, Chai TQ, Wang JL, Chen GY, Zhou X, Yang FQ. Ultra-High Adsorption Capacity of Core-Shell-Derived Magnetic Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-67 as Adsorbent for Selective Extraction of Theophylline. Molecules 2023; 28:5573. [PMID: 37513444 PMCID: PMC10383973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A core-shell-derived structural magnetic zeolite imidazolate framework-67 (Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67) nanocomposite was fabricated through a single-step coating of zeolite imidazolate framework-67 on glutaric anhydride-functionalized Fe3O4 nanosphere for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of theophylline (TP). The Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67 nanocomposite was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The material has a high specific surface area and good magnetism, which maintains the regular dodecahedron structure of ZIF-67 without being destroyed by the addition of Fe3O4-COOH nanospheres. The Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67 can rapidly adsorb TP mainly through the strong coordination interaction between undercoordinated Co2+ on ZIF-67 and -NH from imidazole of TP. The adsorption and desorption conditions, such as the amount of adsorbent, adsorption time, pH value, and elution solvent, were optimized. The kinetics of TP adsorption on Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67 was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption data well and the maximum adsorption capacity is 1764 mg/g. Finally, the developed MSPE-HPLC method was applied in the enrichment and analysis of TP in four tea samples and rabbit plasma. TP was not detected in oolong tea and rabbit plasma, and its contents in jasmine tea, black tea, and green tea are 5.80, 4.31, and 1.53 μg/g, respectively. The recoveries of spiked samples are between 74.41% and 86.07% with RSD in the range of 0.81-3.83%. The adsorption performance of Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67 nanocomposite was nearly unchanged after being stored at room temperature for at least 80 days and two consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The results demonstrate that Fe3O4-COOH@ZIF-67 nanocomposite is a promising magnetic adsorbent for the preconcentration of TP in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tong-Qing Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guo-Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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7
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Yu Y, Fang B, Yang XD, Zheng Y. One stone two birds: anti-inflammatory bronchodilators as a potential pharmacological strategy for COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1185076. [PMID: 37214443 PMCID: PMC10192734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1185076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed a huge threat to public health across the world. While vaccinations are essential for reducing virus transmission and attenuating disease severity, the nature of high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 renders vaccines less effective, urging quick development of effective therapies for COVID-19 disease. However, developing novel drugs remains extremely challenging due to the lengthy process and high cost. Alternatively, repurposing of existing drugs on the market represents a rapid and safe strategy for combating COVID-19 pandemic. Bronchodilators are first line drugs for inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Compared to other anti-inflammatory drugs repurposed for COVID-19, bronchodilators are unique in that they have both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilating properties. Whether the dual properties of bronchodilators empower them greater potential to be repurposed for COVID-19 is worth exploring. In fact, clinical and preclinical studies have recently emerged to investigate the benefits of bronchodilators such assalbutamol, formoterol and theophylline in treating COVID-19, and many of them have shown encouraging efficacy on attenuating disease severity of pneumonia and other associated symptoms. To comprehensively understand the latest progress on COVID-19 intervention with bronchodilators, this review will summarize recent findings in this area and highlight the promising clinical benefits and possible adverse effects of bronchodilators as therapeutic options for COVID-19 with a focus on β2 receptor agonists, anticholinergic drugs and theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Sharif AF, Kasemy ZA, Mabrouk HA, Shoeib O, Fayed MM. Could the serum glucose/potassium ratio offer an early reliable predictor of life-threatening events in acute methylxanthine intoxication? Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:310-320. [PMID: 37125326 PMCID: PMC10141764 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylxanthines are widely used to manage pulmonary disorders, particularly in developing countries. Methylxanthines are unsafe due to their narrow therapeutic index and associated morbidity and mortality. The current study aimed to investigate the role of glucose/potassium ratio as a substantially useful early predictor of life-threatening events (LTEs) in the form of cardiovascular and neurological complications among methylxanthine users. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with acute methylxanthine intoxications and presented to an Egyptian Poison Control Center for 2 years. A total of 366 patients were enrolled. Of them, 59 patients (16.1%) were complicated with LTEs. The most frequent serious arrhythmia was T wave inversion (45.6% of patients with LTEs). Laboratory investigations that could significantly predict LTEs were the random blood glucose and potassium levels, glucose/potassium ratio, pH, liver transaminases, HCO3 level, hemoglobin, and platelet count (P < 0.05). The glucose/potassium ratio was the best predictor of LTEs (odds ratio = 2.92, and 95% confidence interval = 2.02-4.23). With an excellent area under the curve (0.906) and at a cutoff of 2.44, that ratio could correctly classify the patients based on their risk of LTEs with an overall accuracy of 73% (sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 70%). The current study endorsed an important, feasible, and easily obtainable ratio that could predictor stratify the patients according to severity and risk of LTEs, which guides the decision-making and prioritizes the treatment lines in methylxanthine intoxicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Kasemy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Menoufia University, Shiben Elkom 6132720, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mabrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Osama Shoeib
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Manar M Fayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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9
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Reyes-García J, Díaz-Hernández V, Carbajal-García A, Casas-Hernández MF, Sommer B, Montaño LM. Theophylline-Induced Relaxation Is Enhanced after Testosterone Treatment via Increased K V1.2 and K V1.5 Protein Expression in Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065884. [PMID: 36982957 PMCID: PMC10059212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Theophylline is a drug commonly used to treat asthma due to its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory properties. Testosterone (TES) has been suggested to reduce the severity of asthma symptoms. This condition affects boys more than girls in childhood, and this ratio reverses at puberty. We reported that guinea pig tracheal tissue chronic exposure to TES increases the expression of β2-adrenoreceptors and enhances salbutamol-induced K+ currents (IK+). Herein, we investigated whether the upregulation of K+ channels can enhance the relaxation response to methylxanthines, including theophylline. Chronic incubation of guinea pig tracheas with TES (40 nM, 48 h) enhanced the relaxation induced by caffeine, isobutylmethylxanthine, and theophylline, an effect that was abolished by tetraethylammonium. In tracheal myocytes, chronic incubation with TES increased theophylline-induced IK+; flutamide reversed this effect. The increase in IK+ was blocked by 4-aminopyridine by ~82%, whereas iberiotoxin reduced IK+ by ~17%. Immunofluorescence studies showed that chronic TES exposure increased the expression of KV1.2 and KV1.5 in airway smooth muscle (ASM). In conclusion, chronic exposure to TES in guinea pig ASM promotes upregulation of KV1.2 and KV1.5 and enhances theophylline relaxation response. Therefore, gender should be considered when prescribing methylxanthines, as teenage boys and males are likely to respond better than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Verónica Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - María F Casas-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Laboratorio de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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10
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Zhang T, Cao Y, Chen M, Xie L. Recent advances in CNTs-based sensors for detecting the quality and safety of food and agro-product. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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11
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Batra B, Srinivasan S, Gopalakrishnan SG, Patel CN, Kumar V, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Molecular insights into the interaction of eighteen different variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with sixteen therapeutically important phytocompounds: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12880-12907. [PMID: 36690609 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2169761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has mutated many times among different populations. We analyzed wild-type spike protein and 18 different variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein known until the beginning of 2022 (alpha, beta, B.1.429, B.1.616, B.1.620, B.1.617.3, C.1.2, delta, epsilon, eta, gamma, iota, kappa, lambda, mu, omicron, theta, and zeta) for their interaction with 16 phytocompounds and remdesivir, resulting into 425 combinations. The largest number of mutations has been reported in the omicron followed by delta variant. However, the virulence of the delta variant has been reported higher as compared to omicron. Mutations at a few locations (D215G, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, and P681H) were common in most of the variants. 3 D structures of all the 18 spike proteins were created using SWISS-MODEL to test the binding affinities with caffeine theophylline, emodin, vitexin, berberine, curcumin, piperine, quercetin, artemisinin, carvacrol, capsaicin, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, α- pinene, β- pinene and gingerol. Phytocompounds and mutant variants were prepared using AutoDock 4.2.6 software. Binding affinities of the selected phytocompounds with the different mutant spike proteins were achieved using AutoDock Vina. Out of all combinations investigated, the best binding affinities were observed with 3 variants of SAR-CoV-2 with 5 phytocompounds along with remdesivir. The range of best binding energies varied from -9.1 to -8.0 kcal/mol. Further, MD simulation was done for selected 9 phytocompound-spike mutant complexes for analyzing the stability of interactions for 100 ns. ADMET studies via ProTox-II and SwissADME displayed that phytocompounds are safe and less toxic in comparison to remdesivir.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Batra
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suchetha Srinivasan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chirag N Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Park SJ, Hahn HJ, Oh SR, Lee HJ. Theophylline Attenuates BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Th17 Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021019. [PMID: 36674533 PMCID: PMC9860752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and refractory interstitial lung disease. Although there are two approved drugs for IPF, they were not able to completely cure the disease. Therefore, the development of new drugs is required for the effective treatment of IPF. In this study, we investigated the effect of theophylline, which has long been used for the treatment of asthma, on pulmonary fibrosis. The administration of theophylline attenuated the fibrotic changes of lung tissues and improved mechanical pulmonary functions in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Theophylline treatment suppressed IL-17 production through inhibiting cytokines controlling Th17 differentiation; TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23. The inhibition of IL-6 and IL-1β by theophylline is mediated by suppressing BLM-induced ROS production and NF-κB activation in epithelial cells. We further demonstrated that theophylline inhibited TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells through suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and AKT. The inhibitory effects of theophylline on the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and AKT were recapitulated in BLM-treated lung tissues. Taken together, these results demonstrated that theophylline prevents pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting Th17 differentiation and TGF-β signaling.
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The Role of IL-6 in Cancer Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis-Overview and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223698. [PMID: 36429126 PMCID: PMC9688109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) belongs to a broad class of cytokines involved in the regulation of various homeostatic and pathological processes. These activities range from regulating embryonic development, wound healing and ageing, inflammation, and immunity, including COVID-19. In this review, we summarise the role of IL-6 signalling pathways in cancer biology, with particular emphasis on cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis formation. Targeting principal components of IL-6 signalling (e.g., IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, NF-κB) is an intensively studied approach in preclinical cancer research. It is of significant translational potential; numerous studies strongly imply the remarkable potential of IL-6 signalling inhibitors, especially in metastasis suppression.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy of COVID-19: Summarizing the Results of 2021. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214210. [PMID: 36430684 PMCID: PMC9699257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the main problems of the COVID-19 epidemic and to outline some ways to solve these problems, including research into the biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, general pathological and particular patterns of COVID-19 pathogenesis, acute and long-term complications of COVID-19, and evaluation of high-potential general and specific prevention methods and etiological and pathogenetic therapies for COVID-19 [...].
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Wang H, Li Y, Bian Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wu K, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang X. Potential hepatoprotective effects of Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma: Integrated phytochemical analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, target network analysis, and experimental assessment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1018572. [PMID: 36313288 PMCID: PMC9597371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1018572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (CD) possesses hepatoprotective activity, while the active ingredients and involved mechanisms have not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective mechanisms of CD. We primarily used ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) to identify the phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) components of CD. Then, network analysis was used to correlate and predict the pharmacology of the identified active components of PhGs with hepatoprotection. Next, the mechanisms of the core components and targets of action were explored by cellular assays and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) target competition assays. Finally, its hepatoprotective effects were further validated in in vivo experiments. The results showed that a total of 34 PhGs were identified based on the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. Echinacoside (ECH) was identified as the key ingredient, and TLR4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were speculated as the core targets of the hepatoprotective effect of CD via network analysis. The cellular assays confirmed that PhGs had significant anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot indicated that ECH notably reduced the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as the mRNA expression of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6, and decreased the high expression of the TLR4 protein, which in turn downregulated the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-P65 and TNF-α proteins in the inflammatory model. The target competition experiments suggested that ECH and LPS could competitively bind to the TLR4 receptor, thereby reducing the expression of TLR4 downstream proteins. The results of in vivo studies showed that ECH significantly ameliorated LPS-induced hepatic inflammatory infiltration and liver tissue damage and reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in mice. Moreover, ECH remarkably inhibited the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in the serum of mice, exerting the hepatoprotective effect by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. More importantly, ECH could act as a potential inhibitor of TLR4 and deserves further in-depth study. Our results could provide a basis for exploring the hepatoprotective properties of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Ivermectin: A Controversial Focal Point during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091384. [PMID: 36143420 PMCID: PMC9502658 DOI: 10.3390/life12091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has confirmed the apocalyptic predictions that virologists have been making for several decades. The challenge the world is facing is that of trying to find a possible treatment, and a viable and expedient option for addressing this challenge is the repurposing of drugs. However, in some cases, although these drugs are approved for use in humans, the mechanisms of action involved are unknown. In this sense, to justify its therapeutic application to a new disease, it is ideal, but not necessary, to know the basic mechanisms of action involved in a drug’s biological effects. This review compiled the available information regarding the various effects attributed to Ivermectin. The controversy over its use for the treatment of COVID-19 is demonstrated by this report that considers the proposal unfeasible because the therapeutic doses proposed to achieve this effect cannot be achieved. However, due to the urgent need to find a treatment, an exhaustive and impartial review is necessary in order to integrate the knowledge that exists, to date, of the possible mechanisms through which the treatment may be helpful in defining safe doses and schedules of Ivermectin.
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Välikangas T, Junttila S, Rytkönen KT, Kukkonen-Macchi A, Suomi T, Elo LL. COVID-19-specific transcriptomic signature detectable in blood across multiple cohorts. Front Genet 2022; 13:929887. [PMID: 35991542 PMCID: PMC9388772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading across the world despite vast global vaccination efforts. Consequently, many studies have looked for potential human host factors and immune mechanisms associated with the disease. However, most studies have focused on comparing COVID-19 patients to healthy controls, while fewer have elucidated the specific host factors distinguishing COVID-19 from other infections. To discover genes specifically related to COVID-19, we reanalyzed transcriptome data from nine independent cohort studies, covering multiple infections, including COVID-19, influenza, seasonal coronaviruses, and bacterial pneumonia. The identified COVID-19-specific signature consisted of 149 genes, involving many signals previously associated with the disease, such as induction of a strong immunoglobulin response and hemostasis, as well as dysregulation of cell cycle-related processes. Additionally, potential new gene candidates related to COVID-19 were discovered. To facilitate exploration of the signature with respect to disease severity, disease progression, and different cell types, we also offer an online tool for easy visualization of the selected genes across multiple datasets at both bulk and single-cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle T. Rytkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kukkonen-Macchi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
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