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Yuan Y, Hu X, Zhang S, Wang W, Yu B, Zhou Y, Ou Y, Dong H. Remnant cholesterol, preinflammatory state and chronic kidney disease: association and mediation analyses. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2361094. [PMID: 38856016 PMCID: PMC11168229 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2361094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood lipid management is a key approach in the prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC) plays an important role in the development of multiple diseases via chronic inflammation. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between RC and CKD and explore the role of inflammation in this relationship. The 7696 subjects from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey were divided into four subgroups according to the quartile of RC. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Fasting RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationships between RC and CKD. Mediation analysis was undertaken to identify potential mediators of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and white blood cells (WBCs). Of all participants, the mean age was 51 years, and the male accounted for 47.8%. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol were 1.40 (1.10-1.78, p for trend = 0.006) for CKD. RC and preinflammatory markers have combined effect on CKD. The preinflammatory state, presented by increased hs-CRP or WBCs, partially mediated the association between RC and CKD with proportion of 10.14% (p = 0.002) and 11.65% (p = 0.012), respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested a positive relationship between RC and CKD, which was partially mediated by preinflammatory state. These findings highlight the importance of RC and inflammation in renal dysfunction.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject?: Dyslipidemia plays an important role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), as a triglyceride-rich particle, can contribute to target organ damage, primarily through inflammatory pathways. However, the relationship between RC and CKD in the community-dwelling population, particularly the role of inflammation, is not yet fully understood.What do the results of this study add?: This study shows that RC was significantly associated with CKD. RC and preinflammatory status exhibit a combined effect on CKD. Preinflammatory state, presented by increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or white blood cells, partially mediated the association between RC and CKD.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?: The study provides us with a better understanding of the role of RC and inflammation in kidney dysfunction and raises the awareness of RC in the management of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougen Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanchang First Hospital, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
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Li M, Liu Q, Shi M, Fu M, He G. Association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of 4 site-specific cancers: evidence from a cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:256. [PMID: 39164739 PMCID: PMC11334515 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have implicated remnant cholesterol (RC) in the etiology, progression, and prognosis of cancer. However, very few of them concentrated on the study of the precise relationship between serum RC levels and cancer risk, leaving this subject unexplored. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the association between serum RC levels and 4 site-specific cancers, employing a dual approach that combines observational and mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2020, this study collected data from18,067 participants. To rule out confounders, this study utilized weighted multivariable logistic regression and assessed non-linear associations using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression, followed by two-piecewise linear regression. Sensitivity analysis conducted in this study included subgroup analysis, multiple imputation, outlier removal, and propensity score matching. To strengthen causal inference, this study employed univariable and multivariable MR analysis. The robustness and reliability of the findings were estimated by the application of replication and meta-analysis. RESULTS The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between serum RC levels and breast cancer, showing that individuals in the higher logRC category had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to those in the lower category (Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01-2.88, P = 0.044). Weighted RCS revealed an inverted L-shape association between RC and the risk of breast cancer (P-nonlinear = 0.0386, P-overall = 0.010). Primary MR analysis provided evidence for an increased risk of breast (IVW: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12, P = 0.000951) and colorectal cancer (IVW: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.24, P = 0.0476) associated with RC. However, the results of replication and meta-analysis did not support a significant causal association of RC with the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95-1.13), lung cancer (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.88-1.03), colorectal cancer (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92-1.19), and prostate cancer (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.95-1.08). CONCLUSION Although a non-linear relationship was observed in the cross-sectional study between remnant cholesterol levels and breast cancer risk, MR analyses failed to provide any causal evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Fu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guijuan He
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Rafaqat S, Sharif S, Naz S, Patoulias D, Klisic A. Contributing role of metabolic genes APOE, FTO, and LPL in the development of atrial fibrillation: insights from a case-control study. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240263. [PMID: 39166676 PMCID: PMC11329263 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the expression profile of genes (APOE, FTO, and LPL) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS A total of 690 subjects were categorized into control, AF without MetS, and AF with MetS. RESULTS The expression profiles of the APOE, FTO, and LPL genes were decreased in AF subjects and AF subjects with MetS as compared to the controls. In AF without the MetS group, an inverse relationship was found between the expression of the LPL gene with body mass index (BMI) and a positive relationship with creatine kinase-MB, whereas expression of the FTO gene was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose and positively with cardiac troponin I in AF suffering from MetS. Expression of the LPL gene was directly linked with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas an inverse correlation with heart rate and expression of the FTO gene in AF with MetS were shown. The expression of the LPL gene was inversely related to BMI in subjects with AF. The expression of the LPL gene was positively correlated with SBP and HDL-C and negatively correlated with heart rate, while the expression of the FTO gene was an important predictor of AF with MetS. CONCLUSION The decreased expression of APOE, FTO, and LPL genes in AF with and without MetS indicates their potential contributing role in the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Zoology - Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Sharif
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Zoology - Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Zoology - Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital "Hippokration", Second Department of Cardiology, Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine - Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine - Podgorica, Montenegro
- Primary Health Care Center, Center for Laboratory Diagnostics - Podgorica, Montenegro
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Liu Q, Li P, Ma J, Zhang J, Li W, Liu Y, Liu L, Liang S, He M. Arsenic exposure at environmentally relevant levels induced metabolic toxicity in development mice: Mechanistic insights from integrated transcriptome and metabolome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108819. [PMID: 38906090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked arsenic exposure and metabolic homeostasis, but the mechanism is incompletely understood, especially at relatively low concentrations. In this study, we used a mouse model to evaluate the health impacts and metabolic toxicity of arsenic exposure in drinking water at environmentally relevant levels (0.25 and 1.0 ppm). Our results indicated that arsenic damaged intestinal barrier and induced arsenic accumulation, oxidative stress, and pathological changes in the liver and illum. Interestingly, arsenic increased the hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), while reduced serum TG and TC levels. The liver transcriptome found that arsenic exposure caused transcriptome perturbation and promoted hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating the exogenous fatty acids degradation and apolipoproteins related genes. The serum metabolomics identified 74 and 88 differential metabolites in 0.25 and 1.0 ppm, respectively. The KEGG disease and subcellular location analysis indicated that arsenic induced liver and intestinal diseases, and the mitochondrion might be the target organelle for arsenic-induced toxicity. Co-enrichment of transcriptome and metabolome identified 24 metabolites and 9 genes as metabolic toxicity biomarkers. Moreover, 40 male (20 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases and 20 healthy controls) was further selected to validate our findings. Importantly, the significantly changed L-palmitoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxycaproic acid and 6 genes of Hadha, Acadl, Aldh3a2, Cpt1a, Cpt2, and Acox1 were found in the NAFLD cases. The results from integrated multi-omics and chemical-protein network analysis indicated that L-palmitoylcarnitine played a critical role in metabolic toxicity by regulating mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Cpt2). In conclusion, these findings provided new clues for the metabolic toxicity of arsenic exposure at environmentally relevant levels, which involved in the late-life NAFLD development. Our results also contribute to understanding the human responses and phenotypic changes to this hazardous material exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinglan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuenan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Hu C, Fan Y, Lin Z, Xie X, Huang S, Hu Z. Metabolomic landscape of overall and common cancers in the UK Biobank: A prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:27-39. [PMID: 38430541 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Information about the NMR metabolomics landscape of overall, and common cancers is still limited. Based on a cohort of 83,290 participants from the UK Biobank, we used multivariate Cox regression to assess the associations between each of the 168 metabolites with the risks of overall cancer and 20 specific types of cancer. Then, we applied LASSO to identify important metabolites for overall cancer risk and obtained their associations using multivariate cox regression. We further conducted mediation analysis to evaluate the mediated role of metabolites in the effects of traditional factors on overall cancer risk. Finally, we included the 13 identified metabolites as predictors in prediction models, and compared the accuracies of our traditional models. We found that there were commonalities among the metabolic profiles of overall and specific types of cancer: the top 20 frequently identified metabolites for 20 specific types of cancer were all associated with overall cancer; most of the specific types of cancer had common identified metabolites. Meanwhile, the associations between the same metabolite with different types of cancer can vary based on the site of origin. We identified 13 metabolic biomarkers associated with overall cancer, and found that they mediated the effects of traditional factors. The accuracies of prediction models improved when we added 13 identified metabolites in models. This study is helpful to understand the metabolic mechanisms of overall and a wide range of cancers, and our results also indicate that NMR metabolites are potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaodan Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yang R, Zhang J, Yu X, Yang G, Cai J. Remnant cholesterol and intensive blood pressure control in older patients with hypertension: a post hoc analysis of the STEP randomized trial†. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:997-1004. [PMID: 38167928 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence shows a close relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and hypertension. However, it is unknown whether RC is associated with the effects of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a post hoc analysis of the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) trial. Participants were randomly allocated to intensive (110 to <130 mmHg) or standard (130 to <150 mmHg) treatment groups. The effects of intensive SBP lowering on the primary composite outcome (stroke, acute coronary syndrome, acute decompensated heart failure, coronary revascularization, atrial fibrillation, or cardiovascular death), the components thereof, and all-cause mortality were analysed by the tertile of baseline RC (lowest, middle, and highest). We followed 8206 patients for 3.33 years (median). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for the primary outcome were 1.06 (0.73-1.56), 0.58 (0.38-0.87), and 0.67 (0.46-0.96) in the lowest, middle, and highest RC tertiles, respectively (P for interaction = 0.11). However, significant heterogeneity in the treatment effects was observed when comparing the upper two tertiles with the lowest tertile (P for interaction = 0.033). For all-cause mortality, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 2.48 (1.30-4.73), 1.37 (0.71-2.65), and 0.42 (0.22-0.80) in the lowest, middle, and highest RC tertiles, respectively (P for interaction <0.0001). CONCLUSION Baseline RC concentrations were associated with the effects of intensive SBP lowering on the primary composite cardiovascular outcome and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients. These results are hypothesis-generating and merit further study. REGISTRATION STEP ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03015311.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yang
- Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Road 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Juyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Benxi Railway Hospital, No. 25 Yingchun Street, Pingshan District, Benxi, Liaoning Province 117000, China
| | - Guohong Yang
- Institute of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Alpine Environment of Plateau, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, No. 220 Chenglin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Road 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
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Peyman M, Babin-Ebell A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Rigon M, Aguilar-Recarte D, Villarroya J, Planavila A, Villarroya F, Palomer X, Barroso E, Vázquez-Carrera M. SIRT1 regulates hepatic vldlr levels. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:297. [PMID: 38807218 PMCID: PMC11134955 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated increases in the hepatic levels of the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor (VLDLR) promote hepatic steatosis by increasing the delivery of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to the liver. Here, we examined whether the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating VLDLR levels and the subsequent uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. METHODS Rats fed with fructose in drinking water, Sirt1-/- mice, mice treated with the ER stressor tunicamycin with or without a SIRT1 activator, and human Huh-7 hepatoma cells transfected with siRNA or exposed to tunicamycin or different inhibitors were used. RESULTS Hepatic SIRT1 protein levels were reduced, while those of VLDLR were upregulated in the rat model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) induced by fructose-drinking water. Moreover, Sirt1-/- mice displayed increased hepatic VLDLR levels that were not associated with ER stress, but were accompanied by an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-target genes. The pharmacological inhibition or gene knockdown of SIRT1 upregulated VLDLR protein levels in the human Huh-7 hepatoma cell line, with this increase abolished by the pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α. Finally, SIRT1 activation prevented the increase in hepatic VLDLR protein levels in mice treated with the ER stressor tunicamycin. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that SIRT1 attenuates fatty liver development by modulating hepatic VLDLR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Peyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Anna Babin-Ebell
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, 08017, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Matilde Rigon
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Anna Planavila
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain.
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08950, Spain.
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Shen Y, Xu W, Sun J, Zhu Y, Dai Y, Song X. Identification of VLDL as a biomarker for prewarning of androgenic alopecia. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13712. [PMID: 38650360 PMCID: PMC11035905 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- Department of DermatologyHangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of DermatologyHangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of DermatologyHangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yeqin Dai
- Department of DermatologyHangzhou Third People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of DermatologyHangzhou Third People's HospitalHangzhouChina
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Nuwaylati DA, Awan ZA. A novel equation for the estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian population: a derivation and validation study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5478. [PMID: 38443422 PMCID: PMC10914719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is typically estimated by the Friedewald equation to guide atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) management despite its flaws. Martin-Hopkins and Sampson-NIH equations were shown to outperform Friedewald's in various populations. Our aim was to derive a novel equation for accurate LDL-C estimation in Saudi Arabians and to compare it to Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins and Sampson-NIH equations. This is a cross-sectional study on 2245 subjects who were allocated to 2 cohorts; a derivation (1) and a validation cohort (2). Cohort 1 was analyzed in a multiple regression model to derive an equation (equationD) for estimating LDL-C. The agreement between the measured (LDL-CDM) and calculated levels was tested by Bland-Altman analysis, and the biases by absolute error values. Validation of the derived equation was carried out across LDL-C and triglyceride (TG)-stratified groups. The mean LDL-CDM was 3.10 ± 1.07 and 3.09 ± 1.06 mmol/L in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. The derived equation is: LDL-CD = 0.224 + (TC × 0.919) - (HDL-C × 0.904) - (TG × 0.236) - (age × 0.001) - 0.024. In cohort 2, the mean LDL-C (mmol/L) was estimated as 3.09 ± 1.06 by equationD, 2.85 ± 1.12 by Friedewald, 2.95 ± 1.09 by Martin-Hopkins, and 2.93 ± 1.11 by Sampson-NIH equations; statistically significant differences between direct and calculated LDL-C was observed with the later three equations (P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed the lowest bias (0.001 mmol/L) with equationD as compared to 0.24, 0.15, and 0.17 mmol/L with Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, and Sampson-NIH equations, respectively. The absolute errors in all guideline-stratified LDL-C categories was the lowest with equationD, which also showed the best classifier of LDL-C according to guidelines. Moreover, equationD predicted LDL-C levels with the lowest error with TG levels up to 5.63 mmol/L. EquationD topped the other equations in estimating LDL-C in Saudi Arabians as it could permit better estimation when LDL-C is < 2.4 mmol/L, in familial hyperlipidemia, and in hypertriglyceridemia, which improves cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients. We recommend further research to validate equationD in a larger dataset and in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena A Nuwaylati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 21959, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21465, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chu PY, Yu YC, Pan YC, Dai YH, Yang JC, Huang KC, Wu YC. The Efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus Supplementation in Managing Body Weight and Blood Lipids of People with Overweight: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Metabolites 2024; 14:129. [PMID: 38393021 PMCID: PMC10890272 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) in improving body weight, obesity-related outcomes, and lipid profiles of overweight people. Thirty-six overweight participants were randomly assigned to either a probiotic or a placebo group. A placebo powder or L. bulgaricus powder (containing 1 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) of the probiotic) was administered daily for 12 weeks. Body composition was determined, and blood tests were performed before and after the intervention. L. bulgaricus supplementation under the present condition did not affect the body weight, fat percentage, or body mass index (BMI) of the participants, while it resulted in a notable decrease in blood triglyceride (TG) levels, which corresponded to a lowering of the TG proportion in the composition of large VLDL (L-XXL sized fractions) and HDL (M and L fractions) in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that L. bulgaricus supplementation under the current conditions may not be helpful for losing weight, but it has the potential to decrease blood TG levels by modulating TG accumulation in or transport by VLDL/HDL in obese patients. L. bulgaricus supplements may have health-promoting properties in preventing TG-related diseases in overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Tumor Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Pan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hao Dai
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
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11
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Kim SJ, Hyun J. Altered lipid metabolism as a predisposing factor for liver metastasis in MASLD. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100010. [PMID: 38237744 PMCID: PMC10960132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing due to the high prevalence of metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Steatotic liver is a hotspot for cancer metastasis in MASLD. Altered lipid metabolism, a hallmark of MASLD, remodels the tissue microenvironment, making it conducive to the growth of metastatic liver cancer. Tumors exacerbate the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism by releasing extracellular vesicles and particles into the liver. Altered lipid metabolism influences the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of immune cells, contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive and metastasis-prone liver microenvironment in MASLD. This review discusses the mechanisms by which the steatotic liver promotes liver metastasis progression, focusing on its role in fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment in MASLD. Furthermore, this review highlights lipid metabolism manipulation strategies for the therapeutic management of metastatic liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Das P, Ingole N. Lipoproteins and Their Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Cureus 2023; 15:e48865. [PMID: 38106760 PMCID: PMC10724412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the foremost leading cause of death across the world. It mainly involves the blood vessels, which supply the heart. Plaque formation due to lipid deposition leads to the narrowing of the vessels, obstructing blood flow. Therefore, lipoproteins such as high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and chylomicrons play a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Lipoproteins are carrier molecules made up of proteins and fats. They carry cholesterol through the bloodstream and transport it to the peripheral tissues or the liver. There are several classes of lipoproteins in the blood, namely HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons. Depending on the lipoproteins, an excess of them can either harm or benefit the body. Low-density lipoprotein, nicknamed 'the bad cholesterol,' transports fatty molecules from the liver and deposits them in peripheral tissues or central vessels. Thus, excess LDL can cause blockage of the arteries supplying major organs. High-density lipoprotein, nicknamed 'the good cholesterol,' transports the excess fatty molecules to the liver for their metabolism and removal from the body. Hence, high levels of HDL are an indication of a healthy body. Thus, lipoproteins are important molecules, and their proper regulation is essential to maintaining a healthy body. An effective way to maintain a balanced lipoprotein level is to have a properly balanced diet with high protein and low fat. Regular exercise, both indoors and outdoors, is recommended. If cholesterol levels are not maintained by diet and exercise, medication is advised after consulting medical experts. This review aims to inform people about lipoproteins, their importance, and maintaining a healthy lipoprotein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Das
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nishikant Ingole
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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13
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Zheng P, Zhang W, Wang J, Gong Q, Xu N, Chen N. Bioinformatics and functional experiments reveal that MRC2 inhibits atrial fibrillation via the PPAR signaling pathway. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5625-5639. [PMID: 37969297 PMCID: PMC10636429 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that requires improved clinical markers to increase diagnostic accuracy and provide insight into its pathogenesis. Although some biomarkers are available, new ones need to be discovered to better capture the complex physiology of AF. However, their limitations are still not fully addressed. Bioinformatics and functional studies can help find new clinical markers and improve the understanding of AF, meeting the need for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Methods To identify AF-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), We applied the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile retrieved in Series Matrix File format from the GSE143924 microarray dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the overlapping genes. These genes were analyzed by enrichment analysis, expression analysis and others to obtain the hub gene. Additionally, the potential signaling pathway of hub gene in AF was explored and verified by functional experiments, like quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and Western blotting (WB) assay. Results From the GSE143924 data (410 DEGs) and tan module (57 genes), 10 overlapping genes were identified. A central down-regulated gene in AF, MRC2, was identified through bioinformatics analysis. based on these results, it was hypothesized that the PPAR signaling pathway is related to the mechanism of action of MRC2 in AF. Moreover, over-MRC2 markedly reduced the growth speed of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and increased apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of MRC2 promoted HCFs cell proliferation number. Additionally, MRC2 over-expression increased the protein expression level of PPARα, PPARγ, CPT-1, and SIRT3 in Ang II-induced HCFs. Conclusions While meeting the need for new biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of AF, this study reveals the inherent limitations of current biomarkers. We identified MRC2 as a key player as an inhibitory gene in AF, highlighting its role in suppressing AF progression through the PPAR signaling pathway. MRC2 may not only serve as a diagnostic indicator, but also as a promising therapeutic target for patients with AF, which is expected to be applied in clinical practice and open up new avenues for individualized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunlin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Rebelo A, Kleeff J, Sunami Y. Cholesterol Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5177. [PMID: 37958351 PMCID: PMC10650553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer's substantial impact on cancer-related mortality, responsible for 8% of cancer deaths and ranking fourth in the US, persists despite advancements, with a five-year relative survival rate of only 11%. Forecasts predict a 70% surge in new cases and a 72% increase in global pancreatic cancer-related deaths by 2040. This review explores the intrinsic metabolic reprogramming of pancreatic cancer, focusing on the mevalonate pathway, including cholesterol biosynthesis, transportation, targeting strategies, and clinical studies. The mevalonate pathway, central to cellular metabolism, significantly shapes pancreatic cancer progression. Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) serves a dual role in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, fueling acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) development. Enzymes, including acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase, and HMG-CoA reductase, are key enzymes in pancreatic cancer. Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, e.g., by using statins, shows promise in delaying PanIN progression and impeding pancreatic cancer. Dysregulation of cholesterol modification, uptake, and transport significantly impacts tumor progression, with Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) driving cholesterol ester (CE) accumulation and disrupted low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression contributing to cancer recurrence. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) expression in tumor stroma influences immune suppression. Clinical trials targeting cholesterol metabolism, including statins and SOAT1 inhibitors, exhibit potential anti-tumor effects, and combination therapies enhance efficacy. This review provides insights into cholesterol metabolism's convergence with pancreatic cancer, shedding light on therapeutic avenues and ongoing clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshiaki Sunami
- Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.R.); (J.K.)
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15
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Vekic J, Stromsnes K, Mazzalai S, Zeljkovic A, Rizzo M, Gambini J. Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2897. [PMID: 38001900 PMCID: PMC10669174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels of ROS contribute to the development of cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage to macromolecules, particularly by oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. One of the most prominent features of atherogenic dyslipidemia is plasma accumulation of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized by an increased susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body of evidence from animal models and epidemiological studies was generated supporting oxidative modification of sdLDL particles as the earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation of LDL particles results in the formation of various bioactive species that contribute to the atherosclerotic process through different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, and receptor-mediated activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on the pathophysiological role of oxidative stress and atherogenic dyslipidemia and their interplay in the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, a special focus will be placed on the clinical applicability of novel, promising biomarkers of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Stefania Mazzalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Gambini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (S.M.); (J.G.)
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16
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Yuan P, Sun T, Han Z, Chen Y. Identifying potential cross-talk signatures for the occurrence of atherosclerosis in diabetic erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2023; 11:1031-1043. [PMID: 36542411 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis are common cardiovascular complications in diseases. Clinical associations between erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis have been noticed, but the specific mechanisms are not illustrated adequately. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to further mine associated pathological mechanisms and genetic alterations of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Significant atherosclerosis-related genes were identified from transcriptome data of diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis-related gene sets from DisGeNET and GeneCard databases. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were performed to clarify the biological roles and pathways as well as immune responses of significant atherosclerosis-related gene sets. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and gene clusters were performed. Then, data of diabetic plaques and high-glucose cavernosum endothelial cells were analyzed for validation. And hub atherosclerosis-related gene sets were identified. Finally, expressed pattern of hub atherosclerosis-related gene sets were explored by single-cell profiling and immune analysis. RESULTS In total, 202 significant atherosclerosis-related gene sets including 100 upregulated and 102 downregulated genes were identified. These genes were related to endothelial cell migration, inflammatory response, regulation of oxidative stress, and immune response. In immune infiltration, immature dendritic cells and monocytes showed differential expression between the diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction and control groups, A protein-protein interaction network containing 135 nodes was constructed. A hub atherosclerosis-related gene set signature consisting of HBEGF, LOX, NQO1, and VLDLR was obtained by multi-omics validation. In addition, Functional enrichment analysis revealed that hub atherosclerosis-related gene sets were involved in oxidoreductase activity and extracellular matrix organization. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We explored atherosclerosis-related genetic changes and signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction. HBEGF, LOX, NQO1, and VLDLR were identified as hub atherosclerosis-related gene sets. These may serve as potential biomarkers for the clinical management of atherosclerosis and preventing further cardiovascular risks in diabetes mellitus-related erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengyang Han
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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17
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Conlon DM, Welty FK, Reyes-Soffer G, Amengual J. Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1617-1625. [PMID: 37409532 PMCID: PMC10527393 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to reduce atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein levels remain the most effective and assessable strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. The discovery of novel research targets linked to pathways associated with cardiovascular disease development has enhanced our ability to decrease disease burden; however, residual cardiovascular disease risks remain. Advancements in genetics and personalized medicine are essential to understand some of the factors driving residual risk. Biological sex is among the most relevant factors affecting plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles, playing a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This minireview summarizes the most recent preclinical and clinical studies covering the effect of sex on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. We highlight the recent advances in the mechanisms regulating hepatic lipoprotein production and clearance as potential drivers of disease presentation. We focus on using sex as a biological variable in studying circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences. University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
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18
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Jovandaric MZ, Babic S, Raus M, Medjo B. The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11964. [PMID: 37569340 PMCID: PMC10418910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes in pregnant women begin in the first weeks after conception under the influence of placental hormones that affect the metabolism of all nutrients. An increased concentration of total lipids accompanies pregnancy and an increased accumulation of triglycerides in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles. Lipids in small dense LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidative modification than normal-density LDL particles. Unlike LDL high-density lipoproteins (HDL), lipoprotein particles have an atheroprotective role in lipid metabolism. The very growth of the fetus depends on the nutrition of both parents, so obesity is not only in the mother but also in the father. Nutritional programming of the offspring occurs through changes in lipid metabolism and leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Pregnancy is accompanied by an increased need for oxygen in the mitochondria of the placenta and a tendency to develop oxidative stress. Oxidative stress represents a disturbance in the balance of oxidation-reduction processes in the body that occurs due to the excessive production of free oxygen radicals that cellular homeostatic mechanisms are unable to neutralize. When the balance with the antioxidant system is disturbed, which happens when free oxygen radicals are in high concentrations, serious damage to biological molecules occurs, resulting in a series of pathophysiological and pathological changes, including cell death. Therefore, oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many complications that can occur during pregnancy. The oxidative status of pregnant women is also influenced by socioeconomic living conditions, lifestyle habits, diet, smoking, and exposure to environmental air pollution. During a healthy pregnancy, the altered lipid profile and oxidative stress create an increased risk for premature birth and pregnancy-related diseases, and a predisposition to adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Z. Jovandaric
- Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Babic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Misela Raus
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Medjo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care, University Children’s Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Jorgensen SF, Macpherson ME, Skarpengland T, Berge RK, Fevang B, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P. Disturbed lipid profile in common variable immunodeficiency - a pathogenic loop of inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199727. [PMID: 37545531 PMCID: PMC10398391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic and inflammatory pathways play a pathogenic role in various cardiometabolic disorders and is potentially also involved in the pathogenesis of other disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults, characterized by increased frequency of airway infections with capsulated bacteria. In addition, a large proportion of CVID patients have autoimmune and inflammatory complications associated with systemic inflammation. We summarize the evidence that support a role of a bidirectional pathogenic interaction between inflammation and metabolic disturbances in CVID. This include low levels and function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high levels of triglycerides (TG) and its major lipoprotein very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and an unfavorable fatty acid (FA) profile. The dysregulation of TG, VLDL and FA were linked to disturbed gut microbiota profile, and TG and VLDL levels were strongly associated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a marker of gut leakage in blood. Of note, the disturbed lipid profile in CVID did not include total cholesterol levels or high low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, increased VLDL and TG levels in blood were not associated with diet, high body mass index and liver steatosis, suggesting a different phenotype than in patients with traditional cardiovascular risk such as metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that these metabolic disturbances are linked to inflammation in a bidirectional manner with disturbed gut microbiota as a potential contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje F. Jorgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnhild E. Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Smith PJ, Sherwood A, Avorgbedor F, Ingle KK, Kraus WE, Hinderliter AE, Blumenthal JA. Sleep Quality, Metabolic Function, Physical Activity, and Neurocognition Among Individuals with Resistant Hypertension. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230029. [PMID: 37212110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension (RH) is a major risk factor for stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Sleep quality is increasingly suggested to play an important role linking RH to cognitive outcomes, although the mechanisms linking sleep quality to poor cognitive function have yet to be fully delineated. OBJECTIVE To delineate biobehavioral mechanisms linking sleep quality, metabolic function, and cognitive function among 140 overweight/obese adults with RH in the TRIUMPH clinical trial. METHODS Sleep quality was indexed using actigraphy measures of sleep quality and sleep fragmentation, as well as self-reported sleep quality from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was assessed using a 45-minute battery assessing executive function, processing speed, and memory. Participants were randomized to a cardiac rehabilitation-based lifestyle program (C-LIFE) or a standardized education and physician advice condition (SEPA) for 4 months. RESULTS Better sleep quality at baseline was associated with better executive function (B = 0.18 p = 0.027), as well as greater fitness (B = 0.27, p = 0.007) and lower HBA1c (B = -0.25, p = 0.010). Cross-sectional analyses revealed that the sleep quality executive function association was mediated by HBA1c (B = 0.71 [0.05, 2.05]). C-LIFE improved sleep quality (-1.1 [-1.5, -0.6] versus+-0.1 [-0.8, 0.7]) and actigraphy steps (+922 [529, 1316] versus+56 [-548, 661]), with actigraphy mediating improvements in executive function (B = 0.40 [0.02, 1.07]). CONCLUSION Better metabolic function and improved physical activity patterns levels play important roles linking sleep quality and executive function in RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Forgive Avorgbedor
- Department of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Krista K Ingle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan E Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Xiao J, Hao Y, Wu X, Zhao X, Xu B, Xiao C, Zhang W, Zhang L, Cui H, Yang C, Yan P, Tang M, Wang Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Zou Y, Yang C, Yao Y, Li J, Jiang X, Zhang B. Nuclear magnetic resonance-determined lipoprotein profile and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 200:115-126. [PMID: 37162625 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While crudely quantified lipoproteins have been reported to affect the risk of breast cancer, the effects of subclass lipoproteins characterized by particle size, particle number, and lipidomes remain unknown. METHODS Utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance-based GWAS of 85 lipoprotein traits, we performed two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between each trait with breast cancer (Ncase/control = 133,384/113,789) and with its estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. Then, we applied multivariable MR to investigate the independent effects considering both general and central obesity. RESULTS In univariable MR, a heterogeneous effect of subclass high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was observed, in which small HDL traits (ORs ranged from 0.89 to 0.94) were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer while non-small HDLs traits (OR ranged from 1.04 to 1.08) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) traits and serum total triglycerides (TG) were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (ORs ranged from 0.88 to 0.94). Similar association patterns were found for ER + subtype. In multivariable MR, only the protective effects of small HDL, VLDL and TG on ER + subtype remained significant. CONCLUSION We identified a heterogeneous effect of subclass HDLs and a consistent protective effect of VLDL on breast cancer. Only the effects of small HDL and VLDL on ER + subtype remained robust after controlling for obesity. These findings provide new insight into the causal pathway underlying lipoproteins and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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22
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Canepari C, Cantore A. Gene transfer and genome editing for familial hypercholesterolemia. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1140997. [PMID: 39086674 PMCID: PMC11285693 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1140997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by high circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. High circulating LDL cholesterol in FH is due to dysfunctional LDL receptors, and is mainly expressed by hepatocytes. Affected patients rapidly develop atherosclerosis, potentially leading to myocardial infarction and death within the third decade of life if left untreated. Here, we introduce the disease pathogenesis and available treatment options. We highlight different possible targets of therapeutic intervention. We then review different gene therapy strategies currently under development, which may become novel therapeutic options in the future, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we briefly outline the potential applications of some of these strategies for the more common acquired hypercholesterolemia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Canepari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Cantore
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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23
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Faletra G, Mazzone C, Litrico G, La Greca G, Latteri S. Gut-Liver Axis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Vicious Circle of Dysfunctions Orchestrated by the Gut Microbiome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1622. [PMID: 36358323 PMCID: PMC9687983 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent, multifactorial, and poorly understood liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. NAFLD is typically asymptomatic and coupled with other symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in tandem with the prevalence of obesity. In the Western hemisphere, NAFLD is one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease and liver transplantation. Recent research suggests that gut microbiome dysbiosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. The so-called "gut-liver axis" refers to the communication and feedback loop between the digestive system and the liver. Several pathological mechanisms characterized the alteration of the gut-liver axis, such as the impairment of the gut barrier and the increase of the intestinal permeability which result in endotoxemia and inflammation, and changes in bile acid profiles and metabolite levels produced by the gut microbiome. This review will explore the role of gut-liver axis disruption, mediated by gut microbiome dysbiosis, on NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
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24
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Annevelink CE, Walker RE, Shearer GC. Esterified Oxylipins: Do They Matter? Metabolites 2022; 12:1007. [PMID: 36355090 PMCID: PMC9697791 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids that share several similar biochemical characteristics and functions to fatty acids including transport and trafficking. Oxylipins are most commonly measured in the non-esterified form which can be found in plasma, free or bound to albumin. The non-esterified form, however, reflects only one of the possible pools of oxylipins and is by far the least abundant circulating form of oxylipins. Further, this fraction cannot reliably be extrapolated to the other, more abundant, esterified pool. In cells too, esterified oxylipins are the most abundant form, but are seldom measured and their potential roles in signaling are not well established. In this review, we examine the current literature on experimental oxylipin measurements to describe the lack in reporting the esterified oxylipin pool. We outline the metabolic and experimental importance of esterified oxylipins using well established roles of fatty acid trafficking in non-esterified fatty acids and in esterified form as components of circulating lipoproteins. Finally, we use mathematical modeling to simulate how exchange between cellular esterified and unesterified pools would affect intracellular signaling.. The explicit inclusion of esterified oxylipins along with the non-esterified pool has the potential to convey a more complete assessment of the metabolic consequences of oxylipin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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25
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Lee HC, Akhmedov A, Chen CH. Spotlight on very-low-density lipoprotein as a driver of cardiometabolic disorders: Implications for disease progression and mechanistic insights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:993633. [PMID: 36267630 PMCID: PMC9577298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.993633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is the only lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B that is secreted from the liver, where VLDL is assembled from apolipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The primary function of VLDL is to transport cholesterol and other lipids to organs and cells for utilization. Apart from its role in normal biologic processes, VLDL is also known to contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large VLDL particles, which are subclassified according to their size by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, are significantly correlated not only with atherosclerosis, but also with insulin resistance and diabetes incidence. VLDL can also be subclassified according to surface electrical charge by using anion-exchange chromatography. The most electronegative VLDL subclass is highly cytotoxic to endothelial cells and may contribute to coronary heart disease. In addition, electronegative VLDL contributes to the development of atrial remodeling, especially in patients with metabolic syndrome, which is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation. In this review, we focus on the VLDL subclasses that are associated with apolipoprotein alterations and are involved in cardiometabolic disease. The postprandial enhancement of VLDL’s pathogenicity is a critical medical issue, especially in patients with metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the significance of the postprandial modification of VLDL’s chemical and functional properties is extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Chu-Huang Chen,
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26
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Zhao BC, Tang YX, Qiu BH, Xu HL, Wang TH, Elsherbeni AIA, Gharib HBA, Li JL. Astragalus polysaccharide mitigates transport stress-induced hepatic metabolic stress via improving hepatic glucolipid metabolism in chicks. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6648457. [PMID: 35866893 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, newly hatched chicks are unavoidably transported from the hatching to the rearing foster. Stress caused by multiple physical and psychological stressors during transportation is particularly harmful to the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) possesses multiple benefits against hepatic metabolic disorders. Given that transport stress could disturb hepatic glucolipid metabolism and the role of APS in metabolic regulation, we speculated that APS could antagonize transport stress-induced disorder of hepatic glucolipid metabolism. Firstly, newly hatched chicks were transported for 0, 2, 4, 8 h, respectively. Subsequently, to further investigated the effects of APS on transport stress-induced hepatic glucolipid metabolism disturbance, chicks were pretreated with water or APS and then subjected to transport treatment. Our study suggested that APS could relieve transport stress induced lipid deposition in liver. Meanwhile, transport stress also induced disturbances in glucose metabolism, reflected by augmented mRNA expression of key molecules in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Surprisingly, APS could simultaneously alleviate these alterations via PGC1α/SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Moreover, APS treatment regulated the level of PPARα and PPARγ, thereby alleviating transport stress-induced alterations of VLDL synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, lipid oxidation, synthesis and transport-related molecules. These findings indicated that APS could prevent the potential against transport stress-induced hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders via PGC1α/ SIRT1/ AMPK/ PPARα/ PPARγ signaling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Hao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
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