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Liu JW, Huang X, Wang MK, Yang JS. Diabetes and susceptibility to COVID-19: Risk factors and preventive and therapeutic strategies. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1663-1671. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i8.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectious diseases with high prevalence and increased severity. Here, we elucidated the possible factors for the increased vulnerability of diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the more severe COVID-19 illness. The worsened prognosis of patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes may be attributable to host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-assisted viral uptake. Moreover, insulin resistance is often associated with impaired mucosal and skin barrier integrity, resulting in mic-robiota dysbiosis, which increases susceptibility to viral infections. It may also be associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting from an impaired immune system in diabetics, inducing a cytokine storm and excessive inflammation. This review describes diabetes mellitus and its complications, explains the risk factors, such as disease characteristics and patient lifestyle, which may contribute to the high susceptibility of diabetic patients to COVID-19, and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-positive diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ming-Ke Wang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Ji-Shun Yang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
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Pachyn E, Aumiller M, Freymüller C, Linek M, Volgger V, Buchner A, Rühm A, Sroka R. Investigation on the influence of the skin tone on hyperspectral imaging for free flap surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13979. [PMID: 38886457 PMCID: PMC11183063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a new emerging modality useful for the noncontact assessment of free flap perfusion. This measurement technique relies on the optical properties within the tissue. Since the optical properties of hemoglobin (Hb) and melanin overlap, the results of the perfusion assessment and other tissue-specific parameters are likely to be distorted by the melanin, especially at higher melanin concentrations. Many spectroscopic devices have been shown to struggle with a melanin related bias, which results in a clinical need to improve non-invasive perfusion assessment, especially for a more pigmented population. This study investigated the influence of skin tones on tissue indices measurements using HSI. In addition, other factors that might affect HSI, such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex or smoking habits, were also considered. Therefore, a prospective feasibility study was conducted, including 101 volunteers from whom tissue indices measurements were performed on 16 different body sites. Skin tone classification was performed using the Fitzpatrick skin type classification questionnaire, and the individual typology angle (ITA) acquired from the RGB images was calculated simultaneously with the measurements. Tissue indices provided by the used HSI-device were correlated to the possible influencing factors. The results show that a dark skin tone and, therefore, higher levels of pigmentation influence the HSI-derived tissue indices. In addition, possible physiological factors influencing the HSI-measurements were found. In conclusion, the HSI-based tissue indices can be used for perfusion assessment for people with lighter skin tone levels but show limitations in people with darker skin tones. Furthermore, it could be used for a more individual perfusion assessment if different physiological influencing factors are respected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pachyn
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Aumiller
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Freymüller
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthäus Linek
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Veronika Volgger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Department of Urology, Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, 82152, Planegg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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3
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Oliveira AL, de Oliveira MG, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes-Associated Bladder Dysfunction? Biomedicines 2024; 12:939. [PMID: 38790901 PMCID: PMC11118115 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive α-dicarbonyl compound formed endogenously from 3-carbon glycolytic intermediates. Methylglyoxal accumulated in plasma and urine of hyperglycemic and diabetic individuals acts as a potent peptide glycation molecule, giving rise to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) like arginine-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL). Methylglyoxal-derived AGEs exert their effects mostly via activation of RAGE, a cell surface receptor that initiates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, favoring a pro-oxidant environment through NADPH oxidase activation and generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diabetic bladder dysfunction is a bothersome urological complication in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and may comprise overactive bladder, urge incontinence, poor emptying, dribbling, incomplete emptying of the bladder, and urinary retention. Preclinical models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have further confirmed the relationship between diabetes and voiding dysfunction. Interestingly, healthy mice supplemented with MGO for prolonged periods exhibit in vivo and in vitro bladder dysfunction, which is accompanied by increased AGE formation and RAGE expression, as well as by ROS overproduction in bladder tissues. Drugs reported to scavenge MGO and to inactivate AGEs like metformin, polyphenols, and alagebrium (ALT-711) have shown favorable outcomes on bladder dysfunction in diabetic obese leptin-deficient and MGO-exposed mice. Therefore, MGO, AGEs, and RAGE levels may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals. However, there are no clinical trials designed to test drugs that selectively inhibit the MGO-AGEs-RAGE signaling, aiming to reduce the manifestations of diabetes-associated bladder dysfunction. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of MGO-AGEs-RAGE-ROS axis in diabetes-associated bladder dysfunction. Drugs that directly inactivate MGO and ameliorate bladder dysfunction are also reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, SP, Brazil; (A.L.O.); (M.G.d.O.); (F.Z.M.)
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4
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Uceda AB, Mariño L, Casasnovas R, Adrover M. An overview on glycation: molecular mechanisms, impact on proteins, pathogenesis, and inhibition. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:189-218. [PMID: 38737201 PMCID: PMC11078917 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of a heterogeneous set of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is the final outcome of a non-enzymatic process that occurs in vivo on long-life biomolecules. This process, known as glycation, starts with the reaction between reducing sugars, or their autoxidation products, with the amino groups of proteins, DNA, or lipids, thus gaining relevance under hyperglycemic conditions. Once AGEs are formed, they might affect the biological function of the biomacromolecule and, therefore, induce the development of pathophysiological events. In fact, the accumulation of AGEs has been pointed as a triggering factor of obesity, diabetes-related diseases, coronary artery disease, neurological disorders, or chronic renal failure, among others. Given the deleterious consequences of glycation, evolution has designed endogenous mechanisms to undo glycation or to prevent it. In addition, many exogenous molecules have also emerged as powerful glycation inhibitors. This review aims to provide an overview on what glycation is. It starts by explaining the similarities and differences between glycation and glycosylation. Then, it describes in detail the molecular mechanism underlying glycation reactions, and the bio-molecular targets with higher propensity to be glycated. Next, it discusses the precise effects of glycation on protein structure, function, and aggregation, and how computational chemistry has provided insights on these aspects. Finally, it reports the most prevalent diseases induced by glycation, and the endogenous mechanisms and the current therapeutic interventions against it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Uceda
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Mariño
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Casasnovas
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Ctra. Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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Guan H, Tian J, Wang Y, Niu P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fang X, Miao R, Yin R, Tong X. Advances in secondary prevention mechanisms of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a comprehensive review. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:152. [PMID: 38438934 PMCID: PMC10910816 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health burden. This is particularly due to its macrovascular complications, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease, which have emerged as leading contributors to morbidity and mortality. This review comprehensively explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these complications, protective strategies, and both existing and emerging secondary preventive measures. Furthermore, we delve into the applications of experimental models and methodologies in foundational research while also highlighting current research limitations and future directions. Specifically, we focus on the literature published post-2020 concerning the secondary prevention of macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM by conducting a targeted review of studies supported by robust evidence to offer a holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ping Niu
- Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Alhujaily M. Molecular Assessment of Methylglyoxal-Induced Toxicity and Therapeutic Approaches in Various Diseases: Exploring the Interplay with the Glyoxalase System. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38398772 PMCID: PMC10890012 DOI: 10.3390/life14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate interplay of methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalase 1 (GLO I) in various physiological and pathological contexts. The linchpin of the narrative revolves around the role of these small molecules in age-related issues, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Methylglyoxal, a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, takes center stage, becoming a principal player in the development of AGEs and contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction. The dual facets of GLO I-activation and inhibition-unfold as potential therapeutic avenues. Activators, spanning synthetic drugs like candesartan to natural compounds like polyphenols and isothiocyanates, aim to restore GLO I function. These molecular enhancers showcase promising outcomes in conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and beyond. On the contrary, GLO I inhibitors emerge as crucial players in cancer treatment, offering new possibilities in diseases associated with inflammation and multidrug resistance. The symphony of small molecules, from GLO I activators to inhibitors, presents a nuanced understanding of MG regulation. From natural compounds to synthetic drugs, each element contributes to a molecular orchestra, promising novel interventions and personalized approaches in the pursuit of health and wellbeing. The abstract concludes with an emphasis on the necessity of rigorous clinical trials to validate these findings and acknowledges the importance of individual variability in the complex landscape of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Kırça M, Yeşilkaya A. Angiotensin II reduces glyoxalase 1 activity and expression in vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for diabetic vascular complications. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1430-1441. [PMID: 37915258 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key mediator of vascular diseases, is linked to methylglyoxal (MGO) formation, a by-product of glucose metabolism implicated in vascular complications. The glyoxalase system, consisting of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and reduced glutathione (GSH), is responsible for detoxifying MGO. This study investigated the effect of Ang II on Glo1 activity and expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Primary VSMCs were isolated from rat aortas and exposed to Ang II under standard or high glucose conditions. We examined Glo1 activity, expression, intracellular GSH, and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) levels. We also analyzed the expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as potential regulators of Glo1 expression. The results demonstrated that Ang II reduced Glo1 activity, expression, and GSH levels while increasing MG-H1 levels in VSMCs. Telmisartan and irbesartan, AT1R blockers, restored Glo1 activity, expression, and GSH levels and alleviated MG-H1 levels. Treatment with AT1R blockers or inhibitors targeting signaling pathways involved in Ang II-induced responses mitigated these effects. High glucose exacerbated the reduction in Glo1 activity and expression. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that Ang II reduces Glo1 activity and expression in VSMCs, which may contribute to developing vascular complications in diabetes. AT1R blockers and inhibitors targeting specific signaling pathways show potential in restoring Glo1 function and mitigating MGO-associated damage. These findings highlight the complex interactions between RAS, MGO, and vascular diseases, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kırça
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Akın Yeşilkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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8
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Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Fecka I. Methylglyoxal in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Routes Leading to Pathology Counterbalanced by Treatment Strategies. Molecules 2023; 28:7742. [PMID: 38067472 PMCID: PMC10708463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the major compound belonging to reactive carbonyl species (RCS) responsible for the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its upregulation, followed by deleterious effects at the cellular and systemic levels, is associated with metabolic disturbances (hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance/hyperlipidemia/inflammatory processes/carbonyl stress/oxidative stress/hypoxia). Therefore, it is implicated in a variety of disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, an interplay between pathways leading to MGO generation and scavenging is addressed in regard to this system's impairment in pathology. The issues associated with mechanistic MGO involvement in pathological processes, as well as the discussion on its possible causative role in cardiometabolic diseases, are enclosed. Finally, the main strategies aimed at MGO and its AGEs downregulation with respect to cardiometabolic disorders treatment are addressed. Potential glycation inhibitors and MGO scavengers are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mauricio D, Gratacòs M, Franch-Nadal J. Diabetic microvascular disease in non-classical beds: the hidden impact beyond the retina, the kidney, and the peripheral nerves. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:314. [PMID: 37968679 PMCID: PMC10652502 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes microangiopathy, a hallmark complication of diabetes, is characterised by structural and functional abnormalities within the intricate network of microvessels beyond well-known and documented target organs, i.e., the retina, kidney, and peripheral nerves. Indeed, an intact microvascular bed is crucial for preserving each organ's specific functions and achieving physiological balance to meet their respective metabolic demands. Therefore, diabetes-related microvascular dysfunction leads to widespread multiorgan consequences in still-overlooked non-traditional target organs such as the brain, the lung, the bone tissue, the skin, the arterial wall, the heart, or the musculoskeletal system. All these organs are vulnerable to the physiopathological mechanisms that cause microvascular damage in diabetes (i.e., hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction) and collectively contribute to abnormalities in the microvessels' structure and function, compromising blood flow and tissue perfusion. However, the microcirculatory networks differ between organs due to variations in haemodynamic, vascular architecture, and affected cells, resulting in a spectrum of clinical presentations. The aim of this review is to focus on the multifaceted nature of microvascular impairment in diabetes through available evidence of specific consequences in often overlooked organs. A better understanding of diabetes microangiopathy in non-target organs provides a broader perspective on the systemic nature of the disease, underscoring the importance of recognising the comprehensive range of complications beyond the classic target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Mauricio
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IR Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.
| | - Mònica Gratacòs
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Bourgonje AR, Connelly MA, van Goor H, van Dijk PR, Dullaart RPF. Plasma Citrate Levels Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Zodiac-64). J Clin Med 2023; 12:6670. [PMID: 37892807 PMCID: PMC10607484 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating citrate may represent a proxy of mitochondrial dysfunction which plays a role in the development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we determined the associations between plasma citrate levels and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in T2D patients. In this prospective cohort study, 601 patients were included who participated in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC). Plasma citrate levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the associations between plasma citrate and the risk of CV mortality. Over a median follow-up of 11.4 years, 119 (19.8%) of the 601 patients died from a CV cause. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusting for conventional risk factors, plasma citrate was associated with an increased risk of CV mortality (the hazard ratio (HR) per 1-SD increment was 1.19 (95%CI: 1.00-1.40), p = 0.048). This association was prominent in males (n = 49 with CV mortality) (HR 1.52 (95%CI: 1.14-2.03), p = 0.005), but not in females (n = 70 with CV mortality) (HR 1.11 (95%CI: 0.90-1.37), p = 0.319) (age-adjusted Pinteraction = 0.044). In conclusion, higher plasma citrate levels are associated with an increased risk of CV mortality in patients with established T2D. Future studies are warranted to unravel the potential role of citrate-related pathways in the pathogenesis of T2D-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter R. van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.R.v.D.); (R.P.F.D.)
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.R.v.D.); (R.P.F.D.)
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11
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Medeiros ML, Oliveira AL, Mello GC, Antunes E. Metformin Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Methylglyoxal on Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation and Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119549. [PMID: 37298498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to methylglyoxal (MGO) increases the levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and reactive-oxygen species (ROS) in mouse airways, exacerbating the inflammatory responses. Metformin scavenges MGO in plasma of diabetic individuals. We investigated if amelioration by metformin of eosinophilic inflammation reflects its ability to inactivate MGO. Male mice received 0.5% MGO for 12 weeks together or not with 2-week treatment with metformin. Inflammatory and remodeling markers were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and/or lung tissues of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice. MGO intake elevated serum MGO levels and MGO immunostaining in airways, which were reduced by metformin. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and eosinophils and levels of IL-4, IL-5 and eotaxin significantly increased in BALF and/or lung sections of MGO-exposed mice, which were reversed by metformin. The increased mucus production and collagen deposition by MGO exposure were also significantly decreased by metformin. In MGO group, the increases of RAGE and ROS levels were fully counteracted by metformin. Superoxide anion (SOD) expression was enhanced by metformin. In conclusion, metformin counteracts OVA-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation and remodeling, and suppresses the RAGE-ROS activation. Metformin may be an option of adjuvant therapy to improve asthma in individuals with high levels of MGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus L Medeiros
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Akila L Oliveira
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia C Mello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Translational Medicine, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexander Fleming St., Campinas 13083-881, SP, Brazil
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12
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Xie Q, Ma L, Xiao Z, Yang M, Chen M. Role of profilin-1 in vasculopathy induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108415. [PMID: 36989867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To construct a simple and feasible rat model to mimic diabetic vasculopathy by chronic injection of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and further determine the role of profilin-1 in vasculopathy in AGE-injection rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with AGEs-BSA (25 mg/kg/day) for 0, 20, 30, 40, and 60 days by caudal vein. Then, the morphological changes in the aorta, heart, and kidney and the expression of profilin-1 were assessed. In cultured endothelial cells, shRNA profilin-1 was used to clarify the role of profilin-1 in AGEs-induced vascular endothelial lesions and inflammatory reactions. RESULTS The aorta, heart, and kidney of the AGE-injection rats had obvious morphological changes. Also, the indicators of vascular remodeling in the aorta significantly increased, accompanied by the increased expression of profilin-1 in the aorta, heart, and kidney and polysaccharide content on the kidney basement membrane. In addition, the protein level of profilin-1 was markedly upregulated in the aorta of AGEs-injected rats and endothelial cells incubated with AGEs. shRNA profilin-1 markedly attenuated the upregulated expression of profilin-1, receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and NF-κB in endothelial cells incubated with AGEs, as well as reduced the high levels of ICAM-1, IL-8, TNF-α, ROS, and apoptosis induced by AGEs. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous AGEs can mimic diabetic vasculopathy in vivo to some extent and increase profilin-1 expression in the target organs of diabetic complications. Blockade of profilin-1 attenuates vascular lesions and inflammatory reactions, suggesting its critical role in the metabolic memory mediated by AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Xie
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shangdong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zhilin Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Meifang Chen
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Radmehr V, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA, Khorsandi L. Crocin attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress in methylglyoxal-induced diabetic nephropathy in male mice: MicroRNAs alterations and glyoxalase 1-Nrf2 signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1341-1348. [PMID: 36474578 PMCID: PMC9699949 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65824.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO) occurs in diabetes. MicroRNA-204 is an important intracellular marker in the diagnosis of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Crocin (Crn) has beneficial effects for diabetes, but the effect of Crn on MGO-induced diabetic nephropathy has not been investigated. The current research evaluated the effects of Crn and metformin (MET) on diabetic nephropathy induced by MGO in male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 70 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, MGO (600 mg/Kg/d), MGO+Crn (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d), MGO+MET (150 mg/kg/d), and Crn60 (60 mg/kg/d). Methylglyoxal was gavaged for four weeks. After proving hyperglycemia, Cr and MET were administered orally in the last two weeks. Biochemical and antioxidant evaluations, microRNA expression, and histological evaluation were assessed. RESULTS The fasting blood glucose, urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, malondialdehyde, Nrf2, miR-204, and miR-192 expression increased in the MGO group. These variables decreased in Crn-treated animals. The decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glyoxalase 1, Glutathione, and miR-29a expression in the MGO group improved in the diabetic-treated mice. Histological alterations such as red blood cell accumulation, inflammation, glomerulus diameter changes, and proximal cell damage were also observed. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that Crn and MET attenuated renal damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Radmehr
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Physiology research center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Corresponding author: Akram Ahangarpour. Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Physiology research center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Alimentary tract research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular, and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. An Introduction to the Special Issue "Protein Glycation in Food, Nutrition, Health and Disease". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13053. [PMID: 36361833 PMCID: PMC9656604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
On 20-24 September 2021, leading researchers in the field of glycation met online at the 14th International Symposium on the Maillard Reaction (IMARS-14), hosted by the authors of this introductory editorial, who are from Doha, Qatar [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Advanced Glycation End Products in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091848. [PMID: 36144449 PMCID: PMC9501837 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed through the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with the side-chain amino groups of lysine or arginine of proteins, followed by further glycoxidation reactions under oxidative stress conditions, are involved in the onset and exacerbation of a variety of diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as in the secondary stages of traumatic brain injury (TBI). AGEs, in the form of intra- and interprotein crosslinks, deactivate various enzymes, exacerbating disease progression. The interactions of AGEs with the receptors for the AGEs (RAGE) also result in further downstream inflammatory cascade events. The overexpression of RAGE and the AGE-RAGE interactions are especially involved in cases of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Maillard reactions are also observed in the gut bacterial species. The protein aggregates found in the bacterial species resemble those of AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and AGE inhibitors increase the life span of the bacteria. Dietary AGEs alter the gut microbiota composition and elevate plasma glycosylation, thereby leading to systemic proinflammatory effects and endothelial dysfunction. There is emerging interest in developing AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker compounds to treat AGE-mediated pathologies, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Gut-microbiota-derived enzymes may also function as AGE-breaker biocatalysts. Thus, AGEs have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, and the AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker approach may lead to novel therapeutic candidates.
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