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Yan W, Li X, Zhao D, Xie M, Li T, Qian L, Ye C, Shi T, Wu L, Wang Y. Advanced strategies in high-throughput droplet screening for enzyme engineering. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115972. [PMID: 38171222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes, as biocatalysts, play a cumulatively important role in environmental purification and industrial production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, natural enzymes are limited by their physiological properties in practice, which need to be modified driven by requirements. Screening and isolating certain enzyme variants or ideal industrial strains with high yielding of target product enzymes is one of the main directions of enzyme engineering research. Droplet-based high-throughput screening (DHTS) technology employs massive monodisperse emulsion droplets as microreactors to achieve single strain encapsulation, as well as continuous monitoring for the inside mutant library. It can effectively sort out strains or enzymes with desired characteristics, offering a throughput of 108 events per hour. Much of the early literature focused on screening various engineered strains or designing signalling sorting strategies based on DHTS technology. However, the field of enzyme engineering lacks a comprehensive overview of advanced methods for microfluidic droplets and their cutting-edge developments in generation and manipulation. This review emphasizes the advanced strategies and frontiers of microfluidic droplet generation and manipulation facilitating enzyme engineering development. We also introduce design for various screening signals that cooperate with DHTS and devote to enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Danshan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Tianqiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462300, Henan, China.
| | - Yuetong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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2
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Manzo M, Serra A, Pedone E, Pirone L, Scognamiglio V, De Felice M, De Falco M. DNA Polymerase I Large Fragment from Deinococcus radiodurans, a Candidate for a Cutting-Edge Room-Temperature LAMP. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1392. [PMID: 38338670 PMCID: PMC10855757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique, designed for microbial pathogen detection, has acquired fundamental importance in the biomedical field, providing rapid and precise responses. However, it still has some drawbacks, mainly due to the need for a thermostatic block, necessary to reach 63 °C, which is the BstI DNA polymerase working temperature. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the DNA polymerase I Large Fragment from Deinococcus radiodurans (DraLF-PolI) that functions at room temperature and is resistant to various environmental stress conditions. We demonstrated that DraLF-PolI displays efficient catalytic activity over a wide range of temperatures and pH, maintains its activity even after storage under various stress conditions, including desiccation, and retains its strand-displacement activity required for isothermal amplification technology. All of these characteristics make DraLF-PolI an excellent candidate for a cutting-edge room-temperature LAMP that promises to be very useful for the rapid and simple detection of pathogens at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Manzo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Serra
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarita De Felice
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria De Falco
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Kuznetsova AA, Senchurova SI, Gavrilova AA, Tyugashev TE, Mikushina ES, Kuznetsov NA. Substrate Specificity Diversity of Human Terminal Deoxynucleotidyltransferase May Be a Naturally Programmed Feature Facilitating Its Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:879. [PMID: 38255952 PMCID: PMC10815903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal 2'-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a unique enzyme capable of catalysing template-independent elongation of DNA 3' ends during V(D)J recombination. The mechanism controlling the enzyme's substrate specificity, which is necessary for its biological function, remains unknown. Accordingly, in this work, kinetic and mutational analyses of human TdT were performed and allowed to determine quantitative characteristics of individual stages of the enzyme-substrate interaction, which overall may ensure the enzyme's operation either in the distributive or processive mode of primer extension. It was found that conformational dynamics of TdT play an important role in the formation of the catalytic complex. Meanwhile, the nature of the nitrogenous base significantly affected both the dNTP-binding and catalytic-reaction efficiency. The results indicated that neutralisation of the charge and an increase in the internal volume of the active site caused a substantial increase in the activity of the enzyme and induced a transition to the processive mode in the presence of Mg2+ ions. Surrogate metal ions Co2+ or Mn2+ also may regulate the switching of the enzymatic process to the processive mode. Thus, the totality of individual factors affecting the activity of TdT ensures effective execution of its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Svetlana I. Senchurova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Anastasia A. Gavrilova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Timofey E. Tyugashev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Elena S. Mikushina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Nikita A. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Prospekt Akad. Lavrentyeva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (A.A.K.); (S.I.S.); (A.A.G.); (T.E.T.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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4
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Garafutdinov RR, Kupova OY, Sakhabutdinova AR. Influence of Nucleotide Context on Non-Specific Amplification of DNA with Bst exo - DNA Polymerase. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:53-64. [PMID: 38467545 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Isothermal nucleic acids amplification that requires DNA polymerases with strand-displacement activity gained more attention in the last two decades. Among the DNA polymerases with strand-displacement activity, Bst exo- is the most widely used. However, it tends to carry out nonspecific DNA synthesis through multimerization. In this study, the effect of nucleotide sequence on the Bst exo- binding with DNA and on the efficiency of multimerization initiation, are reported. Preference for binding of the "closed" form of Bst exo- to the purine-rich DNA sequences, especially those containing dG at the 3'-end of the growing chain was revealed using molecular docking of the single-stranded trinucleotides (sst) and trinucleotide duplexes (dst). The data obtained in silico were confirmed in the experiments using oligonucleotide templates that differ in the structure of the 3'- and 5'-terminal motifs. It has been shown that templates with the oligopurine 3'-terminal fragment and oligopyrimidine 5'-terminal part contribute to the earlier start of multimerization. The results can be used for design of nucleotide sequences suitable for reliable isothermal amplification. To avoid multimerization, DNA templates and primers containing terminal dA and/or dG nucleotides should be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravil R Garafutdinov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia.
| | - Olga Yu Kupova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Assol R Sakhabutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia
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5
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Balint E, Unk I. For the Better or for the Worse? The Effect of Manganese on the Activity of Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:363. [PMID: 38203535 PMCID: PMC10779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases constitute a versatile group of enzymes that not only perform the essential task of genome duplication but also participate in various genome maintenance pathways, such as base and nucleotide excision repair, non-homologous end-joining, homologous recombination, and translesion synthesis. Polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis via the stepwise addition of deoxynucleoside monophosphates to the 3' primer end in a partially double-stranded DNA. They require divalent metal cations coordinated by active site residues of the polymerase. Mg2+ is considered the likely physiological activator because of its high cellular concentration and ability to activate DNA polymerases universally. Mn2+ can also activate the known DNA polymerases, but in most cases, it causes a significant decrease in fidelity and/or processivity. Hence, Mn2+ has been considered mutagenic and irrelevant during normal cellular function. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that Mn2+ can positively influence some DNA polymerases by conferring translesion synthesis activity or altering the substrate specificity. Here, we review the relevant literature focusing on the impact of Mn2+ on the biochemical activity of a selected set of polymerases, namely, Polβ, Polλ, and Polµ, of the X family, as well as Polι and Polη of the Y family of polymerases, where congruous data implicate the physiological relevance of Mn2+ in the cellular function of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildiko Unk
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
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Qin T, Hu B, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Wang S, Luo D, Lyu J, Chen Y, Gan J, Huang Z. Structural Insight into Polymerase Mechanism via a Chiral Center Generated with a Single Selenium Atom. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15758. [PMID: 37958741 PMCID: PMC10647396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase is essential for all life forms, and phosphodiester bond formation with phosphorus center inversion is a key step in this process. Herein, by using a single-selenium-atom-modified dNTP probe, we report a novel strategy to visualize the reaction stereochemistry and catalysis. We capture the before- and after-reaction states and provide explicit evidence of the center inversion and in-line attacking SN2 mechanism of DNA polymerization, while solving the diastereomer absolute configurations. Further, our kinetic and thermodynamic studies demonstrate that in the presence of Mg2+ ions (or Mn2+), the binding affinity (Km) and reaction selectivity (kcat/Km) of dGTPαSe-Rp were 51.1-fold (or 19.5-fold) stronger and 21.8-fold (or 11.3-fold) higher than those of dGTPαSe-Sp, respectively, indicating that the diastereomeric Se-Sp atom was quite disruptive of the binding and catalysis. Our findings reveal that the third metal ion is much more critical than the other two metal ions in both substrate recognition and bond formation, providing insights into how to better design the polymerase inhibitors and discover the therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Bei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Qianwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China;
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Danyan Luo
- SeNA Research Institute and Szostak-CDHT Large Nucleic Acid Institute, Chengdu 618000, China;
| | - Jiazhen Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Jianhua Gan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (T.Q.); (B.H.); (Q.Z.); (S.W.); (J.L.)
- SeNA Research Institute and Szostak-CDHT Large Nucleic Acid Institute, Chengdu 618000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
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7
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Jeong YER, Kung RW, Bykowski J, Deak TK, Wetmore SD. Effect of Guanine Adduct Size, Shape, and Linker Type on the Conformation of Adducted DNA: A DFT and Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9035-9049. [PMID: 37831812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA is damaged through various exogenous sources (e.g., automobile exhaust, tobacco smoke, and processed foods), which can yield diverse C8-dG bulky aryl adducts. Adducts are known to induce structural changes to DNA that can lead to various biological outcomes, ranging from cell death to diseases such as cancer. Unfortunately, the relationship between the chemical composition of the damaged product, the adducted DNA structure, and the biological consequences is not well understood, which limits the development of disease detection and prevention strategies. The present study uses density functional theory (DFT) calculations and quintuplicate 1 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize the structure of DNA containing 21 model C8-dG adducts that systematically differ in size (phenyl to pyrenyl), shape (α (2,3), β (3,4) fusion, or ring substitution), and nucleobase-aryl group linkage (N, O, and C-linked). DFT calculations reveal that the inherent structural features of the G nucleobase adducts are impacted by linker type and bulky moiety shape, but not size, with the conformational flexibility reducing with α-ring fusion and linker composition as N > O > C. These structural properties are maintained in nucleoside models, which also reveal an increased propensity for anti-to-syn rotation about the glycosidic bond with N < O < C linker type. Although these diverse chemical features do not influence the global structure of adducted DNA, the adducts differentially impact the conformation local to the adducted site, including the relative populations of structures with the bulky moiety in the major groove (B conformer) and intercalated (stacked) into the helix (S conformer). Specifically, while the smallest phenyl adducts favor the B conformation and the largest pyrenyl-derived adducts stabilize the S conformation, the B/S ratio decreases with an increase in ring size and N > O > C linker composition. The shape and size (length) of the adduct can further finetune the B/S ratio, with β-fused naphthyl or α-fused phenanthryl N-linked adducts and O or C-linked adducts containing ring substitution increasing the prevalence of the S adducted DNA conformation. Overall, this work uncovers the significant effect of bulky moiety size and linker type, as well as the lesser impact of aryl group shape, on adducted DNA structure, which suggests differential replication and repair outcomes, and thereby represents an important step toward rationalizing connections between the structure and biological consequences of diverse DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Rebecca Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ryan W Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Janelle Bykowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Trinity K Deak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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Khan S, Lang M. A Comprehensive Review on the Roles of Metals Mediating Insect-Microbial Pathogen Interactions. Metabolites 2023; 13:839. [PMID: 37512546 PMCID: PMC10384549 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and microbial pathogens are ubiquitous and play significant roles in various biological processes, while microbial pathogens are microscopic organisms that can cause diseases in multiple hosts. Insects and microbial pathogens engage in diverse interactions, leveraging each other's presence. Metals are crucial in shaping these interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. However, metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mo, and Ni are integral to various physiological processes in insects, including immune function and resistance against pathogens. Insects have evolved multiple mechanisms to take up, transport, and regulate metal concentrations to fight against pathogenic microbes and act as a vector to transport microbial pathogens to plants and cause various plant diseases. Hence, it is paramount to inhibit insect-microbe interaction to control pathogen transfer from one plant to another or carry pathogens from other sources. This review aims to succinate the role of metals in the interactions between insects and microbial pathogens. It summarizes the significance of metals in the physiology, immune response, and competition for metals between insects, microbial pathogens, and plants. The scope of this review covers these imperative metals and their acquisition, storage, and regulation mechanisms in insect and microbial pathogens. The paper will discuss various scientific studies and sources, including molecular and biochemical studies and genetic and genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhanullah Khan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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9
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Davydov VV, Bukhvostov AA, Kuznetsov DA. β-Like DNA polymerases and prospects for their use as targets in chemotherapy of tumors. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:145-155. [PMID: 37384906 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236903145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerases β are enzymes that perform repair of damaged DNA. In the cells of malignant tumors, there is a change in the production and properties of these enzymes, which is accompanied by altered viability of tumor cells. Analysis of the publications available in Russian and international databases (Pubmed, Elsevier) on the structure and properties of DNA polymerases β and their role in cell growth and proliferation, published over the past 20 years, has shown overexpression of genes encoding β-like DNA polymerases in many types of malignant tumors cells. This explains the maintenance of their viability and proliferative activity. Targeted inhibition of β-like DNA polymerases is accompanied by antiproliferative and antitumor effects. Stable paramagnetic isotopes of magnesium (25Mg2+) or other divalent metals (43Ca2+ and 67Zn2+) with uncompensated nuclear spin isotopes, as well as short single-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides, can be used as promising antitumor pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Davydov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Bukhvostov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Kuznetsov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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