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Li X, Yan Y, Wang L, Li G, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wang S. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Revealed Abscisic Acid-Induced Regulation of Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Grape Berries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1862. [PMID: 38999702 PMCID: PMC11243831 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a class of volatile organic compounds that play crucial roles in imparting floral and fruity aromas to Muscat-type grapes. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underpinning monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes, particularly following abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the impact of exogenous ABA on monoterpene biosynthesis in Ruiduhongyu grape berries by employing Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis and transcriptome sequencing. The results suggested significant differences in total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and total acid content. ABA treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in endogenous ABA levels, with concentrations declining from veraison to ripening stages. ABA treatment notably enhanced monoterpene concentrations, particularly at the E_L37 and E_L38 stages, elevating the overall floral aroma of grape berries. According to the variable gene expression patterns across four developmental stages in response to ABA treatment, the E_L37 stage had the largest number of differential expressed genes (DEGs), which was correlated with a considerable change in free monoterpenes. Furthermore, functional annotation indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in primary and secondary metabolic pathways, underlining the relationship between ABA, sugar accumulation, and monoterpene biosynthesis. ABA treatment upregulated key genes involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, enhancing carbon allocation and subsequently impacting terpene synthesis. This study also identified transcription factors, including MYB and AP2/ERF families, potentially modulating monoterpene and aroma-related genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) linked ABA-induced gene expression to monoterpene accumulation, highlighting specific modules enriched with genes associated with monoterpene biosynthesis; one of these modules (darkgreen) contained genes highly correlated with most monoterpenes, emphasizing the role of ABA in enhancing grape quality during berry maturation. Together, these findings provide valuable insights into the multifaceted effects of exogenous ABA on monoterpene compounds and grape berry flavor development, offering potential applications in viticulture and enology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixuan Yan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanhan Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yusen Wu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Grape and Wine Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Chen X, Han H, Cong Y, Li X, Zhang W, Cui J, Xu W, Pang S, Liu H. Ascorbic Acid Improves Tomato Salt Tolerance by Regulating Ion Homeostasis and Proline Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1672. [PMID: 38931104 PMCID: PMC11207900 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 'Ligeer 87-5' was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. To investigate the impacts on ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, and redox status in tomato seedlings, different endogenous levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were established through the foliar application of 0.5 mM AsA (NA treatment), 0.25 mM lycorine (LYC, an inhibitor of AsA synthesis; NL treatment), and a combination of LYC and AsA (NLA treatment). The results demonstrated that exogenous AsA significantly increased the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes (L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH)) involved in AsA synthesis in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment, thereby increasing cellular AsA content to maintain its redox status in a reduced state. Additionally, exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts, reconstructing ion homeostasis in cells, thereby alleviating ion imbalance caused by salt stress. Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression, while inhibiting the activity and transcription levels of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT), thereby reducing excessive proline content in the leaves and alleviating osmotic stress. LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress caused by salt stress, which could be significantly reversed by AsA application. Therefore, exogenous AsA application increased endogenous AsA levels, reestablished ion homeostasis, maintained osmotic balance, effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, and enhanced their salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and Variety Creation of Horticultural Plants for Mountain Features in Guizhou Province, School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yundan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Xuezhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Shengqun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
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Shah SHA, Wang H, Xu H, Yu Z, Hou X, Li Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Protective Role of Melatonin during Salt Stress by Regulating the Photosynthesis and Ascorbic Acid Metabolism Pathways in Brassica campestris. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5092. [PMID: 38791131 PMCID: PMC11121352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is a type of abiotic stress which negatively affects the signaling pathways and cellular compartments of plants. Melatonin (MT) has been found to be a bioactive compound that can mitigate these adverse effects, which makes it necessary to understand the function of MT and its role in salt stress. During this study, plants were treated exogenously with 100 µM of MT for 7 days and subjected to 200 mM of salt stress, and samples were collected after 1 and 7 days for different indicators and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that salt reduced chlorophyll contents and damaged the chloroplast structure, which was confirmed by the downregulation of key genes involved in the photosynthesis pathway after transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR confirmation. Meanwhile, MT increased the chlorophyll contents, reduced the electrolyte leakage, and protected the chloroplast structure during salt stress by upregulating several photosynthesis pathway genes. MT also decreased the H2O2 level and increased the ascorbic acid contents and APX activity by upregulating genes involved in the ascorbic acid pathway during salt stress, as confirmed by the transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses. Transcriptome profiling also showed that 321 and 441 DEGs were expressed after 1 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 76 DEGs were involved in the photosynthesis pathway, while 35 DEGs were involved in the ascorbic acid metabolism pathway, respectively. These results suggest that the exogenous application of MT in plants provides important insight into understanding MT-induced stress-responsive mechanisms and protecting Brassica campestris against salt stress by regulating the photosynthesis and ascorbic acid pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhanghong Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.H.A.S.); (H.W.); (H.X.); (Z.Y.); (X.H.)
- Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Li G, Guo X, Sun Y, Gangurde SS, Zhang K, Weng F, Wang G, Zhang H, Li A, Wang X, Zhao C. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanin in acquired tolerance to salt stress in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368260. [PMID: 38529061 PMCID: PMC10961369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin is an important pigment that prevents oxidative stress and mediates adaptation of plants to salt stress. Peanuts with dark red and black testa are rich in anthocyanin. However, correlation between salt tolerance and anthocyanin content in black and dark red testa peanuts is unknown. In this study, three peanut cultivars namely YZ9102 (pink testa), JHR1 (red testa) and JHB1 (black testa) were subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. The plant growth, ion uptake, anthocyanin accumulation, oxidation resistance and photosynthetic traits were comparatively analyzed. We observed that the plant height, leaf area and biomass under salt stress was highly inhibited in pink color testa (YZ9102) as compare to black color testa (JHB1). JHB1, a black testa colored peanut was identified as the most salt-tolerance cultivar, followed by red (JHR1) and pink(YZ9102). During salt stress, JHB1 exhibited significantly higher levels of anthocyanin and flavonoid accumulation compared to JHR1 and YZ9102, along with increased relative activities of antioxidant protection and photosynthetic efficiency. However, the K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ were consistently decreased among three cultivars under salt stress, suggesting that the salt tolerance of black testa peanut may not be related to ion absorption. Therefore, we predicted that salt tolerance of JHB1 may be attributed to the accumulation of the anthocyanin and flavonoids, which activated antioxidant protection against the oxidative damage to maintain the higher photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth. These findings will be useful for improving salt tolerance of peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanbin Sun
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fubin Weng
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghao Wang
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Shandong International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Innovation, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Wang X, Chai J, Liu W, Zhu X, Liu H, Wei X. Promotion of Ca 2+ Accumulation in Roots by Exogenous Brassinosteroids as a Key Mechanism for Their Enhancement of Plant Salt Tolerance: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16123. [PMID: 38003311 PMCID: PMC10671333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), the sixth major phytohormone, can regulate plant salt tolerance. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of BRs on plant salt tolerance, generating a large amount of research data. However, a meta-analysis on regulating plant salt tolerance by BRs has not been reported. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis of 132 studies to elucidate the most critical physiological mechanisms by which BRs regulate salt tolerance in plants from a higher dimension and analyze the best ways to apply BRs. The results showed that exogenous BRs significantly increased germination, plant height, root length, and biomass (total dry weight was the largest) of plants under salt stress. There was no significant difference between seed soaking and foliar spraying. However, the medium method (germination stage) and stem application (seedling stage) may be more effective in improving plant salt tolerance. BRs only inhibit germination in Solanaceae. BRs (2 μM), seed soaking for 12 h, and simultaneous treatment with salt stress had the highest germination rate. At the seedling stage, the activity of Brassinolide (C28H48O6) was higher than that of Homobrassinolide (C29H50O6), and post-treatment, BRs (0.02 μM) was the best solution. BRs are unsuitable for use in the germination stage when Sodium chloride is below 100 mM, and the effect is also weakest in the seedling stage. Exogenous BRs promoted photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity increased the accumulation of osmoregulatory and antioxidant substances and reduced the content of harmful substances and Na+, thus reducing cell damage and improving plant salt tolerance. BRs induced the most soluble protein, chlorophyll a, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, Glutathione peroxidase, and root-Ca2+, with BRs causing Ca2+ signals in roots probably constituting the most important reason for improving salt tolerance. BRs first promoted the accumulation of Ca2+ in roots, which increased the content of the above vital substances and enzyme activities through the Ca2+ signaling pathway, improving plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiali Chai
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haixun Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Kumar D, Kirti PB. The genus Arachis: an excellent resource for studies on differential gene expression for stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275854. [PMID: 38023864 PMCID: PMC10646159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Peanut Arachis hypogaea is a segmental allotetraploid in the section Arachis of the genus Arachis along with the Section Rhizomataceae. Section Arachis has several diploid species along with Arachis hypogaea and A. monticola. The section Rhizomataceae comprises polyploid species. Several species in the genus are highly tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses and provide excellent sets of genotypes for studies on differential gene expression. Though there were several studies in this direction, more studies are needed to identify more and more gene combinations. Next generation RNA-seq based differential gene expression study is a powerful tool to identify the genes and regulatory pathways involved in stress tolerance. Transcriptomic and proteomic study of peanut plants under biotic stresses reveals a number of differentially expressed genes such as R genes (NBS-LRR, LRR-RLK, protein kinases, MAP kinases), pathogenesis related proteins (PR1, PR2, PR5, PR10) and defense related genes (defensin, F-box, glutathione S-transferase) that are the most consistently expressed genes throughout the studies reported so far. In most of the studies on biotic stress induction, the differentially expressed genes involved in the process with enriched pathways showed plant-pathogen interactions, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, defense and signal transduction. Differential gene expression studies in response to abiotic stresses, reported the most commonly expressed genes are transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, bHLH, AP2/ERF), LEA proteins, chitinase, aquaporins, F-box, cytochrome p450 and ROS scavenging enzymes. These differentially expressed genes are in enriched pathways of transcription regulation, starch and sucrose metabolism, signal transduction and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. These identified differentially expressed genes provide a better understanding of the resistance/tolerance mechanism, and the genes for manipulating biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in peanut and other crop plants. There are a number of differentially expressed genes during biotic and abiotic stresses were successfully characterized in peanut or model plants (tobacco or Arabidopsis) by genetic manipulation to develop stress tolerance plants, which have been detailed out in this review and more concerted studies are needed to identify more and more gene/gene combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pulugurtha Bharadwaja Kirti
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State (PJTS) Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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He X, Wan Z, Jin N, Jin L, Zhang G, Lyu J, Liu Z, Luo S, Yu J. Enhancement of cucumber resistance under salt stress by 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023178. [PMID: 36438149 PMCID: PMC9682097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exogenous 2, 4-epibrassinolide lactone (EBR) on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system, ion homeostasis, MAPK cascade and key genes of SOS signaling pathway of cucumber seedlings under salt stress using cucumber "Xinchun 4" as the test material. The experiment was set up with four treatments: foliar spraying of distilled water (CK), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl (NaCl), 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 0.02 μmol.L-1 EBR (EBR+NaCl), and 50 mmol.L-1 NaCl+foliar spray of 24 μmol.L-1 Brassinazole (BRZ) (BRZ+NaCl). The results showed that EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased plant height, above-ground fresh weight, total root length, total root surface area, average rhizome and photosynthetic pigment content compared to NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, compared with NaCl treatment, EBR+NaCl treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (SOD, CAT and APX) activities, significantly promoted the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugars and proline), and thus effectively reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity of cucumber leaves. Exogenous spraying of EBR also significantly reduced Na+/K+ under NaCl stress, effectively alleviating the toxic effects of Na+ ions. In addition, exogenous EBR induced the up-regulated expression of CsMAPK3, CsMAPK4, CsMAPK6 and CsMAPK9 genes in the MAPK cascade signaling pathway and CsSOS1, CsSOS2 and CsSOS3 genes in the SOS signaling pathway to enhance salt tolerance in cucumber under NaCl stress. Therefore, exogenous spraying EBR may effectively reduce the damage of salt stress on cucumber seedlings by improving antioxidant capacity, maintaining ion homeostasis and activating salt-tolerant related signaling pathways, which might promote the growth of cucumber seedlings and the establishment of root system morphology. This study provides a reference for EBR to improve the salt tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxia He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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