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Arnold IC, Munitz A. Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y. [PMID: 38982311 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Devereaux J, Robinson AM, Stavely R, Davidson M, Dargahi N, Ephraim R, Kiatos D, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism and de novo NAD + biosynthesis within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic intestinal inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1379335. [PMID: 39015786 PMCID: PMC11250461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1379335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease is an incurable and idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Tryptophan metabolism in mammalian cells and some gut microbes comprise intricate chemical networks facilitated by catalytic enzymes that affect the downstream metabolic pathways of de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis. It is hypothesized that a correlation exists between tryptophan de novo NAD+ synthesis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Methods Transcriptome analysis was performed using high-throughput sequencing of mRNA extracted from the distal colon and brain tissue of Winnie mice with spontaneous chronic colitis and C57BL/6 littermates. Metabolites were assessed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography to determine differences in concentrations of tryptophan metabolites. To evaluate the relative abundance of gut microbial genera involved in tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from C57BL/6 and Winnie mice. Results Tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism-associated gene expression was altered in distal colons and brains of Winnie mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. Changes in these metabolic pathways were reflected by increases in colon tryptophan metabolites and decreases in brain tryptophan metabolites in Winnie mice. Furthermore, dysbiosis of gut microbiota involved in tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism was evident in fecal samples from Winnie mice. Our findings shed light on the physiological alterations in tryptophan metabolism, specifically, its diversion from the serotonergic pathway toward the kynurenine pathway and consequential effects on de novo NAD+ synthesis in chronic intestinal inflammation. Conclusion The results of this study reveal differential expression of tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism-associated genes in the distal colon and brain in Winnie mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. These data provide evidence supporting the role of tryptophan metabolism and de novo NAD+ synthesis in IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Devereaux
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Rural Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dimitros Kiatos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gutiérrez Á, Reyes ME, Larronde C, Brebi P, Mora-Lagos B. Targeting CCR3 with antagonist SB 328437 sensitizes 5‑fluorouracil‑resistant gastric cancer cells: Experimental evidence and computational insights. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:296. [PMID: 38737977 PMCID: PMC11082837 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth globally in cancer diagnoses and third for cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a primary treatment, faces challenges due to the development of chemoresistance. Tumor microenvironment factors, including C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), can contribute to chemoresistance. The present study evaluated the effect of CCR3 receptor inhibition using the antagonist SB 328437 and the molecular dynamics of this interaction on resistance to 5-FU in gastric cancer cells. The 5-FU-resistant AGS cell line (AGS R-5FU) demonstrated notable tolerance to higher concentrations of 5-FU, with a 2.6-fold increase compared with the parental AGS cell line. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a molecular marker for 5-FU resistance, were significantly elevated in AGS R-5FU cells. CCR3 was shown to be expressed at significantly higher levels in these resistant cells. Combining SB 328437 with 5-FU resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations of 5-FU. Furthermore, when SB 328437 was combined with 5-FU at a high concentration, the relative mRNA expression levels of CCR3 and TS decreased significantly. Computational analysis of CCR3 demonstrated dynamic conformational changes, especially in extracellular loop 2 region, which indicated potential alterations in ligand recognition. Docking simulations demonstrated that SB 328437 bound to the allosteric site of CCR3, inducing a conformational change in ECL2 and hindering ligand recognition. The present study provides comprehensive information on the molecular and structural aspects of 5-FU resistance and CCR3 modulation, highlighting the potential for therapeutic application of SB 328437 in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Larronde
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Biomedical Research Consortium - Chile, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
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Liu L, Ito T, Li B, Tani H, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Miyazaki H, Ogino T, Nakamura S, Takeda K, Kayama H. The UDP-glucose/P2Y14 receptor axis promotes eosinophil-dependent large intestinal inflammation. Int Immunol 2024; 36:155-166. [PMID: 38108401 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder of the large intestine with inflammation and ulceration. The incidence and prevalence of UC have been rapidly increasing worldwide, but its etiology remains unknown. In patients with UC, the accumulation of eosinophils in the large intestinal mucosa is associated with increased disease activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of intestinal eosinophilia in patients with UC remains poorly understood. Here, we show that uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose mediates the eosinophil-dependent promotion of colonic inflammation via the purinergic receptor P2Y14. The expression of P2RY14 mRNA was upregulated in the large intestinal mucosa of patients with UC. The P2Y14 receptor ligand UDP-glucose was increased in the large intestinal tissue of mice administered dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In addition, P2ry14 deficiency and P2Y14 receptor blockade mitigated DSS-induced colitis. Among the large intestinal immune cells and epithelial cells, eosinophils highly expressed P2ry14 mRNA. P2ry14-/- mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow eosinophils developed more severe DSS-induced colitis compared with P2ry14-/- mice that received P2ry14-deficient eosinophils. UDP-glucose prolonged the lifespan of eosinophils and promoted gene transcription in the cells through P2Y14 receptor-mediated activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, the UDP-glucose/P2Y14 receptor axis aggravates large intestinal inflammation by accelerating the accumulation and activation of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Tani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hazuki Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Chai H, Xu F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xie X, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liang X, Wang A. Profiling CCR3 target pathways for discovering novel antagonists from natural products using label-free cell phenotypic assays. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110732. [PMID: 37788752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) plays important roles in atopic dermatitis (AD) and other related allergic diseases. Activation of CCR3 receptor signaling pathways regulates the recruitment of eosinophils to related tissues, releasing inflammatory mediators and causing inflammatory responses. However, none of the known CCR3 antagonists exhibit promising efficacy in clinical trials. In this work, we sought new natural CCR3 antagonists for drug development. To construct a high-throughput screening model, we established a stably transfected CHO-K1-Gα15-CCR3 cell line, and receptor expression was demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR, confocal detection and flow cytometry analysis. Then, we applied a label-free cell phenotyping technique to profile and deconvolute CCR3 target pathways in CHO-K1-Gα15-CCR3 cells and found that activation of CCR3 triggered the Gq-PLC-Ca2+ and MAPK-P38-ERK pathways. By in vitro and in silico experiments, we discovered a novel CCR3 antagonist emodin, with an IC50 value of 27.28 ± 1.71 μM out of 266 compounds that were identified in 15 traditional Chinese medicines used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases. Molecular docking graphically presented the binding mode of emodin on CCR3. This work reports a new approach for CCR3 antagonist screening and pathway detection and identifies a new antagonist that would benefit future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Brooun A, Zhang J, Li C, Lam R, Cheng H, Shoemaker R, Daly J, Olaharski A. The pharmacologic and toxicologic characterization of the potent and selective KRAS G12D inhibitors ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116601. [PMID: 37321326 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two potent and selective KRASG12D inhibitors, ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024, were generated as possible clinical candidates to treat patients harboring G12D mutations in solid tumors. Both molecules exhibited strong anti-tumor activity in the KRASG12D mutant PDAC xenograft mouse models while ERAS-5024 also showed tumor growth inhibition when administered on an intermittent dosing regimen. Acute dose-limiting toxicity consistent with an allergic reaction was observed for both molecules shortly after administration at doses just above those which demonstrated anti-tumor activity, indicative of a narrow therapeutic index. A series of studies were subsequently conducted to identify a common underlying mechanism for the observed toxicity, including CETSA® (Cellular Thermal Shift Assay) as well as several functional off-target screens. Both ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024 were identified to agonize MRGPRX2 which has been linked to pseudo-allergic reactions. In vivo toxicologic characterization of both molecules included repeat-dose studies in the rat and dog. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in both species with ERAS-4693 and ERAS-5024 and plasma exposure levels at the maximum tolerated doses were generally below that which caused strong anti-tumor activity, supporting the initial observation of a narrow therapeutic index. Additional overlapping toxicities included a reduction in reticulocytes and clinical pathological changes suggestive of an inflammatory response. Furthermore, increases in plasma histamine were observed in dogs administered ERAS-5024, supporting the hypothesis that MRGPRX2 agonism may be the cause of the pseudo-allergic reaction. This work highlights the importance of balancing both the safety and efficacy of KRASG12D inhibitors as this class of molecules begins to enter clinical development.
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Ephraim R, Feehan J, Fraser S, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. Cancer Immunotherapy: The Checkpoint between Chronic Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246131. [PMID: 36551617 PMCID: PMC9776998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of diseases that cause intestinal inflammation and lesions because of an abnormal immune response to host gut microflora. Corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics are often used to reduce non-specific inflammation and relapse rates; however, such treatments are ineffective over time. Patients with chronic colitis are more susceptible to developing colorectal cancer, especially those with a longer duration of colitis. There is often a limit in using chemotherapy due to side effects, leading to reduced efficacy, leaving an urgent need to improve treatments and identify new therapeutic targets. Cancer immunotherapy has made significant advances in recent years and is mainly categorized as cancer vaccines, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, or immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Checkpoint markers are expressed on cancer cells to evade the immune system, and as a result checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment in the last 5-10 years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have produced long-lasting clinical responses in both single and combination therapies. Winnie mice are a viable model of spontaneous chronic colitis with immune responses like human IBD. Determining the expression levels of checkpoint markers in tissues from these mice will provide insights into disease initiation, progression, and cancer. Such information will lead to identification of novel checkpoint markers and the development of treatments with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors or vaccines to slow or stop disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Stavely R, Sahakian L, Filippone RT, Stojanovska V, Bornstein JC, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Oxidative Stress-Induced HMGB1 Translocation in Myenteric Neurons Contributes to Neuropathy in Colitis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121831. [PMID: 36551259 PMCID: PMC9776169 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern released by dying cells to stimulate the immune response. During cell death, HMGB1 is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and passively released. High levels of secreted HMGB1 are observed in the faeces of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, indicating its role in IBD pathophysiology and potential as a non-invasive IBD biomarker. HMGB1 is important in regulating neuronal damage in the central nervous system; its pathological activity is intertwined with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, HMGB1 expression in the enteric nervous system and its relevance to intestinal neuroinflammation is explored in organotypic cultures of the myenteric plexus exposed to oxidative stimuli and in Winnie mice with spontaneous chronic colitis. Oxidative stimuli induced cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 in myenteric neurons in organotypic preparations. HMGB1 translocation correlated with enteric neuronal loss and oxidative stress in the myenteric ganglia of Winnie mice. Inhibition of HMGB1 by glycyrrhizic acid ameliorated HMGB1 translocation and myenteric neuronal loss in Winnie mice. These data highlight modulation of HMGB1 signalling as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the consequences of enteric neuroinflammation in colitis, warranting the exploration of therapeutics acting on the HMGB1 pathway as an adjunct treatment with current anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T. Filippone
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Health Translation Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Joel C. Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Ghilas S, O’Keefe R, Mielke LA, Raghu D, Buchert M, Ernst M. Crosstalk between epithelium, myeloid and innate lymphoid cells during gut homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944982. [PMID: 36189323 PMCID: PMC9524271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium not only provides a physical barrier to separate a noxious outside from a sterile inside but also allows for highly regulated interactions between bacteria and their products, and components of the immune system. Homeostatic maintenance of an intact epithelial barrier is paramount to health, requiring an intricately regulated and highly adaptive response of various cells of the immune system. Prolonged homeostatic imbalance can result in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis and inefficient antitumor immune control. Here we provide an update on the role of innate lymphoid cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which collectively play a critical role in epithelial barrier maintenance and provide an important linkage between the classical innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. These interactions modify the capacity of the gut epithelium to undergo continuous renewal, safeguard against tumor formation and provide feedback to the gut microbiome, which acts as a seminal contributor to cellular homeostasis of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Keefe
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Anna Mielke
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
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