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Mahmud MM, Pandey N, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Kim AJ. Toward the scale-up production of polymeric nanotherapeutics for cancer clinical trials. NANO TODAY 2024; 56:102314. [PMID: 38854931 PMCID: PMC11155436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics have gained significant attention for the treatment of numerous cancers, primarily because they can accumulate in and/or selectively target tumors leading to improved pharmacodynamics of encapsulated drugs. The flexibility to engineer the nanotherapeutic characteristics including size, morphology, drug release profiles, and surface properties make nanotherapeutics a unique platform for cancer drug formulation. Polymeric nanotherapeutics including micelles and dendrimers represent a large number of formulation strategies developed over the last decade. However, compared to liposomes and lipid-based nanotherapeutics, polymeric nanotherapeutics have had limited clinical translation from the laboratory. One of the key limitations of polymeric nanotherapeutics formulations for clinical translation has been the reproducibility in preparing consistent and homogeneous large-scale batches. In this review, we describe polymeric nanotherapeutics and discuss the most common laboratory and scale-up formulation methods, specifically those proposed for clinical cancer therapies. We also provide an overview of the major challenges and opportunities for scaling polymeric nanotherapeutics to clinical-grade formulations. Finally, we will review the regulatory requirements and challenges in advancing nanotherapeutics to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Musavvir Mahmud
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Graeme F. Woodworth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anthony J. Kim
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Niculescu AG, Munteanu (Mihaiescu) OM, Bîrcă AC, Moroșan A, Purcăreanu B, Vasile BȘ, Istrati D, Mihaiescu DE, Hadibarata T, Grumezescu AM. New 3D Vortex Microfluidic System Tested for Magnetic Core-Shell Fe 3O 4-SA Nanoparticle Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:902. [PMID: 38869527 PMCID: PMC11174075 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This study's main objective was to fabricate an innovative three-dimensional microfluidic platform suitable for well-controlled chemical syntheses required for producing fine-tuned nanostructured materials. This work proposes using vortex mixing principles confined within a 3D multilayered microreactor to synthesize magnetic core-shell nanoparticles with tailored dimensions and polydispersity. The newly designed microfluidic platform allowed the simultaneous obtainment of Fe3O4 cores and their functionalization with a salicylic acid shell in a short reaction time and under a high flow rate. Synthesis optimization was also performed, employing the variation in the reagents ratio to highlight the concentration domains in which magnetite is mainly produced, the formation of nanoparticles with different diameters and low polydispersity, and the stability of colloidal dispersions in water. The obtained materials were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the experimental results confirming the production of salicylic acid-functionalized iron oxide (Fe3O4-SA) nanoparticles adapted for different further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Maria Munteanu (Mihaiescu)
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Bogdan Purcăreanu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
- BIOTEHNOS S.A., Gorunului Rue, No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Daniela Istrati
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri 98009, Malaysia
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (O.M.M.); (A.C.B.); (B.P.); (B.Ș.V.); (T.H.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Bi X, Lin L, Chen Z, Ye J. Artificial Intelligence for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301243. [PMID: 37888799 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), well acknowledged as a fingerprinting and sensitive analytical technique, has exerted high applicational value in a broad range of fields including biomedicine, environmental protection, food safety among the others. In the endless pursuit of ever-sensitive, robust, and comprehensive sensing and imaging, advancements keep emerging in the whole pipeline of SERS, from the design of SERS substrates and reporter molecules, synthetic route planning, instrument refinement, to data preprocessing and analysis methods. Artificial intelligence (AI), which is created to imitate and eventually exceed human behaviors, has exhibited its power in learning high-level representations and recognizing complicated patterns with exceptional automaticity. Therefore, facing up with the intertwining influential factors and explosive data size, AI has been increasingly leveraged in all the above-mentioned aspects in SERS, presenting elite efficiency in accelerating systematic optimization and deepening understanding about the fundamental physics and spectral data, which far transcends human labors and conventional computations. In this review, the recent progresses in SERS are summarized through the integration of AI, and new insights of the challenges and perspectives are provided in aim to better gear SERS toward the fast track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
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Abdurashitov AS, Proshin PI, Sukhorukov GB. Template-Free Manufacturing of Defined Structure and Size Polymeric Microparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2976. [PMID: 37999330 PMCID: PMC10674349 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex-structured polymeric microparticles hold significant promise as an advance in next-generation medicine mostly due to demand from developing targeted drug delivery. However, the conventional methods for producing these microparticles of defined size, shape, and sophisticated composition often face challenges in scalability, reliance on specialized components such as micro-patterned templates, or limited control over particle size distribution and cargo (functional payload) release kinetics. In this study, we introduce a novel and reliably scalable approach for manufacturing microparticles of defined structures and sizes with variable parameters. The concept behind this method involves the deposition of a specific number of polymer layers on a substrate with low surface energy. Each layer can serve as either the carrier for cargo or a programmable shell-former with predefined permeability. Subsequently, this layered structure is precisely cut into desired-size blanks (particle precursors) using a laser. The manufacturing process is completed by applying heat to the substrate, which results in sealing the edges of the blanks. The combination of the high surface tension of the molten polymer and the low surface energy of the substrate enables the formation of discrete particles, each possessing semi-spherical or other designed geometries determined by their internal composition. Such anisotropic microparticles are envisaged to have versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady S. Abdurashitov
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, p.1, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel I. Proshin
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, p.1, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, p.1, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
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Niculescu AG, Moroșan A, Bîrcă AC, Gherasim O, Oprea OC, Vasile BȘ, Purcăreanu B, Mihaiescu DE, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Microwave-Assisted Silanization of Magnetite Nanoparticles Pre-Synthesized by a 3D Microfluidic Platform. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2795. [PMID: 37887945 PMCID: PMC10609521 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are among the most investigated nanomaterials, being recognized for their biocompatibility, versatility, and strong magnetic properties. Given that their applicability depends on their dimensions, crystal morphology, and surface chemistry, Fe3O4 NPs must be synthesized in a controlled, simple, and reproducible manner. Since conventional methods often lack tight control over reaction parameters and produce materials with unreliable characteristics, increased scientific interest has been directed to microfluidic techniques. In this context, the present paper describes the development of an innovative 3D microfluidic platform suitable for synthesizing uniform Fe3O4 NPs with fine-tuned properties. On-chip co-precipitation was performed, followed by microwave-assisted silanization. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized from the compositional and microstructural perspectives by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, supplementary physicochemical investigations, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Kaiser Test, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometry, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) analyses, demonstrated the successful surface modification. Considering the positive results, the presented synthesis and functionalization method represents a fast, reliable, and effective alternative for producing tailored magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Moroșan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Oana Gherasim
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Cristian Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Bogdan Purcăreanu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- BIOTEHNOS S.A., Gorunului Rue, No. 3-5, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.C.B.); (B.Ș.V.); (B.P.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Fratini C, Weaver E, Moroni S, Irwin R, Dallal Bashi YH, Uddin S, Casettari L, Wylie MP, Lamprou DA. Combining microfluidics and coaxial 3D-bioprinting for the manufacturing of diabetic wound healing dressings. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213557. [PMID: 37441958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a crucial complication of diabetes, as in a diabetic wound, each step of the physiological healing process is affected. This entails a more easily infectable wound, and delayed tissue regeneration due to the inflammation that occurs, leading to a drastic decrease in the overall patient's quality of life. As a strategy to manage DFUs, skin alternatives and wound dressings are currently receiving a lot of attention as they keep the wound environment "under control", while providing bioactive compounds that help to manage infection and inflammation and promote tissue repair. This has been made possible thanks to the advent of emerging technologies such as 3D Bioprinting to produce skin resembling constructs or microfluidics (MFs) that allows the manufacture of nanoparticles (NPs) that act as drug carriers, in a prompt and less expensive way. In the present proof-of-concept study, the possibility of combining two novel and appealing techniques in the manufacturing of wound dressings has been demonstrated for first time. The novelty of this work consists in the combination of liposomes (LPs) encapsulating the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) into a hydrogel that is further printed into a three-dimensional scaffold for wound dressing; to the knowledge of the authors this has never been done before. A grid-shaped scaffold has been produced through the coaxial 3D bioprinting technique which has allowed to combine, in one single filament, two different bioinks. The inner core of the filament is a nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and PEGylated LPs encapsulated with thyme oil (TO) manufactured via MFs for the first time. The outer shell of the filament, instead, is represented by a hybrid hydrogel composed of sodium alginate/cellulose nanocrystals (SA/CNC) and enriched with free TO. This provides a combination of two different release ratios of the API, a bulk release for the first 24 h thanks to the free TO in the shell of the filament and a sustained release for up to 10 days provided from the API inside the LPs. Confocal Microscopy verified the actual presence of the LPs inside the scaffold after printing and evaluation using the zone of inhibition test proved the antibacterial activity of the manufactured scaffolds against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Fratini
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Moroni
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Robyn Irwin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Yahya H Dallal Bashi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Shahid Uddin
- Immunocore Ltd., 92 Park Dr, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Matthew P Wylie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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Bo H, Ke Y, Yong Z, Jie Z. Microfluidic integrated D-shaped optical fiber SERS probe with high sensitivity and ability of multi-molecule detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27304-27311. [PMID: 37710809 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the sensitivity, integration, and practical application capability of Raman detection systems, we propose a multi-channel microfluidic integrated D-shaped optical fiber SERS (Surface-enhanced Raman scattering) probe structure. Firstly, a microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel was fabricated using a self-designed multi-channel microfluidic template. Secondly, a uniform layer of silver nanoparticles was deposited on the D-shaped optical fiber using the liquid-liquid interface method. Finally, the D-shaped optical fiber was plasma-bonded to the multi-channel microfluidic channel and a cover glass, resulting in a microfluidic integrated D-shaped optical fiber SERS probe. The prepared sample exhibited excellent detection performance for R6G (rhodamine 6 G) with a detection limit as low as 10-11 mol/L and an enhancement factor of 1.14 × 109. Moreover, the multi-channel configuration enables simultaneous detection of multiple molecules, demonstrating excellent multi-channel multiplexing capability.
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Ran J, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin S, Li S, Zhang L. Microreactor-based micro/nanomaterials: fabrication, advances, and outlook. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37139613 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomaterials are widely used in optoelectronics, environmental materials, bioimaging, agricultural industries, and drug delivery owing to their marvelous features, such as quantum tunneling, size, surface and boundary, and Coulomb blockade effects. Recently, microreactor technology has opened up broad prospects for green and sustainable chemical synthesis as a powerful tool for process intensification and microscale manipulation. This review focuses on recent progress in the microreactor synthesis of micro/nanomaterials. First, the fabrication and design principles of existing microreactors for producing micro/nanomaterials are summarized and classified. Afterwards, typical examples are shown to demonstrate the fabrication of micro/nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, inorganic nonmetallic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles, Janus particles, and MOFs. Finally, the future research prospects and key issues of microreactor-based micro/nanomaterials are discussed. In short, microreactors provide new ideas and methods for the synthesis of micro/nanomaterials, which have huge potential and inestimable possibilities in large-scale production and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ran
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaohua Yin
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
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Saikia A, Newar R, Das S, Singh A, Deuri DJ, Baruah A. Scopes and Challenges of Microfluidic Technology for Nanoparticle Synthesis, Photocatalysis and Sensor Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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10
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Agha A, Waheed W, Stiharu I, Nerguizian V, Destgeer G, Abu-Nada E, Alazzam A. A review on microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle synthesis, and their applications using multiscale simulation methods. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:18. [PMID: 36800044 PMCID: PMC9936499 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in the development of nanoparticles (NPs) owing to their potential use in a wide variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging agents, gene therapy, and vaccines, where recently, lipid nanoparticle mRNA-based vaccines were developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. NPs typically fall into two broad categories: organic and inorganic. Organic NPs mainly include lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymersomes, dendrimers, and polymer micelles. Gold and silver NPs, iron oxide NPs, quantum dots, and carbon and silica-based nanomaterials make up the bulk of the inorganic NPs. These NPs are prepared using a variety of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Microfluidics provide an attractive synthesis alternative and is advantageous compared to the conventional bulk methods. The microfluidic mixing-based production methods offer better control in achieving the desired size, morphology, shape, size distribution, and surface properties of the synthesized NPs. The technology also exhibits excellent process repeatability, fast handling, less sample usage, and yields greater encapsulation efficiencies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the microfluidic-based passive and active mixing techniques for NP synthesis, and their latest developments. Additionally, a summary of microfluidic devices used for NP production is presented. Nonetheless, despite significant advancements in the experimental procedures, complete details of a nanoparticle-based system cannot be deduced from the experiments alone, and thus, multiscale computer simulations are utilized to perform systematic investigations. The work also details the most common multiscale simulation methods and their advancements in unveiling critical mechanisms involved in nanoparticle synthesis and the interaction of nanoparticles with other entities, especially in biomedical and therapeutic systems. Finally, an analysis is provided on the challenges in microfluidics related to nanoparticle synthesis and applications, and the future perspectives, such as large-scale NP synthesis, and hybrid formulations and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Agha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- System on Chip Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Ghulam Destgeer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- System on Chip Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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11
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Abstract
How do you get into flow? We trained in flow chemistry during postdoctoral research and are now applying it in new areas: materials chemistry, crystallization, and supramolecular synthesis. Typically, when researchers think of "flow", they are considering predominantly liquid-based organic synthesis; application to other disciplines comes with its own challenges. In this Perspective, we highlight why we use and champion flow technologies in our fields, summarize some of the questions we encounter when discussing entry into flow research, and suggest steps to make the transition into the field, emphasizing that communication and collaboration between disciplines is key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Laybourn
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,
| | - Karen Robertson
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.,
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12
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Li B, Ma X, Cheng J, Tian T, Guo J, Wang Y, Pang L. Droplets microfluidics platform-A tool for single cell research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1121870. [PMID: 37152651 PMCID: PMC10154550 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are the most basic structural and functional units of living organisms. Studies of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell-cell interactions can help scientists understand the mysteries of living systems. However, there is considerable heterogeneity among cells. Great differences between individuals can be found even within the same cell cluster. Cell heterogeneity can only be clearly expressed and distinguished at the level of single cells. The development of droplet microfluidics technology opens up a new chapter for single-cell analysis. Microfluidic chips can produce many nanoscale monodisperse droplets, which can be used as small isolated micro-laboratories for various high-throughput, precise single-cell analyses. Moreover, gel droplets with good biocompatibility can be used in single-cell cultures and coupled with biomolecules for various downstream analyses of cellular metabolites. The droplets are also maneuverable; through physical and chemical forces, droplets can be divided, fused, and sorted to realize single-cell screening and other related studies. This review describes the channel design, droplet generation, and control technology of droplet microfluidics and gives a detailed overview of the application of droplet microfluidics in single-cell culture, single-cell screening, single-cell detection, and other aspects. Moreover, we provide a recent review of the application of droplet microfluidics in tumor single-cell immunoassays, describe in detail the advantages of microfluidics in tumor research, and predict the development of droplet microfluidics at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixuan Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Ma
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianghong Cheng
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Wang,
| | - Long Pang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Annese VF, Hu C. Integrating Microfluidics and Electronics in Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Current and Future Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1923. [PMID: 36363944 PMCID: PMC9699090 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostics have gained increasing attention in recent years due to its numerous advantages over conventional diagnostic approaches. As proven during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the rapidity and portability of POC testing improves the efficiency of healthcare services and reduces the burden on healthcare providers. There are hundreds of thousands of different applications for POC diagnostics, however, the ultimate requirement for the test is the same: sample-in and result-out. Many technologies have been implemented, such as microfluidics, semiconductors, and nanostructure, to achieve this end. The development of even more powerful POC systems was also enabled by merging multiple technologies into the same system. One successful example is the integration of microfluidics and electronics in POC diagnostics, which has simplified the sample handling process, reduced sample usage, and reduced the cost of the test. This review will analyze the current development of the POC diagnostic systems with the integration of microfluidics and electronics and discuss the future challenges and perspectives that researchers might have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Francesco Annese
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Chunxiao Hu
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Vasile BS, Oprea OC, Huang KS, Grumezescu AM. Microfluidic Synthesis of -NH 2- and -COOH-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3160. [PMID: 36144948 PMCID: PMC9503789 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged as a promising alternative for the synthesis of nanoparticles, which ensures precise control over the synthesis parameters, high uniformity, reproducibility, and ease of integration. Therefore, the present study investigated a one-step synthesis and functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using sulfanilic acid (SA) and 4-sulfobenzoic acid (SBA). The flows of both the precursor and precipitating/functionalization solutions were varied in order to ensure the optimal parameters. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results demonstrated the successful synthesis of magnetite as the unique mineralogical phase, as well as the functionalization of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the possibility to control the crystallinity, size, shape, and functionalization degree by varying the synthesis parameters was further confirmed. In this manner, this study validated the potential of the microfluidic platform to develop functionalized MNPs, which are suitable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Food Safety, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840301, Taiwan
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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