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Chen A, Li H, Wu H, Song Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Pang Z, Qin Z, Wu Y, Guan X, Huang H, Li Z, Qiu G, Wei C. Anaerobic cyanides oxidation with bimetallic modulation of biological toxicity and activity for nitrite reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134540. [PMID: 38733787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyanide is a typical toxic reducing agent prevailing in wastewater with a well-defined chemical mechanism, whereas its exploitation as an electron donor by microorganisms is currently understudied. Given that conventional denitrification requires additional electron donors, the cyanide and nitrogen can be eliminated simultaneously if the reducing HCN/CN- and its complexes are used as inorganic electron donors. Hence, this paper proposes anaerobic cyanides oxidation for nitrite reduction, whereby the biological toxicity and activity of cyanides are modulated by bimetallics. Performance tests illustrated that low toxicity equivalents of iron-copper composite cyanides provided higher denitrification loads with the release of cyanide ions and electrons from the complex structure by the bimetal. Both isotopic labeling and Density Functional Theory (DFT) demonstrated that CN--N supplied electrons for nitrite reduction. The superposition of chemical processes reduces the biotoxicity and enhances the biological activity of cyanides in the CN-/Fe3+/Cu2+/NO2- coexistence system, including complex detoxification of CN- by Fe3+, CN- release by Cu2+ from [Fe(CN)6]3-, and NO release by nitrite substitution of -CN groups. Cyanide is the smallest structural unit of C/N-containing compounds and serves as a probe to extend the electron-donating principle of anaerobic cyanides oxidation to more electron-donor microbial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acong Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haoling Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zijun Pang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yulun Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xianghong Guan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Hua Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
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Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Cyanogenic-Derived Metabolites and Herbivore Counter-Defences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1239. [PMID: 38732453 PMCID: PMC11085660 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The release of cyanide from cyanogenic precursors is the central core of the plant defences based on the cyanogenesis process. Although cyanide is formed as a coproduct of some metabolic routes, its production is mostly due to the degradation of cyanohydrins originating from cyanogenic glycosides in cyanogenic plants and the 4-OH-ICN route in Brassicaceae. Cyanohydrins are then hydrolysed in a reversible reaction generating cyanide, being both, cyanohydrins and cyanide, toxic compounds with potential defensive properties against pests and pathogens. Based on the production of cyanogenic-derived molecules in response to the damage caused by herbivore infestation, in this review, we compile the actual knowledge of plant cyanogenic events in the plant-pest context. Besides the defensive potential, the mode of action, and the targets of the cyanogenic compounds to combat phytophagous insects and acari, special attention has been paid to arthropod responses and the strategies to overcome the impact of cyanogenesis. Physiological and behavioural adaptations, as well as cyanide detoxification by β-cyanoalanine synthases, rhodaneses, and cyanases are common ways of phytophagous arthropods defences against the cyanide produced by plants. Much experimental work is needed to further understand the complexities and specificities of the defence-counter-defence system to be applied in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gu C, Huang J, Muste C, Zhong J, Walker GS, Obach RS, Shaffer CL. Radiolabel Uncovers Nonintuitive Metabolites of BIIB104: Novel Release of [ 14C]Cyanide from 2-Cyanothiophene and Subsequent Formation of [ 14C]Thiocyanate. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:323-336. [PMID: 38360917 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BIIB104 (formerly PF-04958242), N-((3S,4S)-4-(4-(5-cyanothiophen-2-yl)phenoxy)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propane-2-sulfonamide, is an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor potentiator investigated for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Preliminary in vitro metabolism studies with non-radiolabeled BIIB104 in rat, dog, and human liver microsomes (RLM, DLM, and HLM) showed O-dealkylation in all three species, tetrahydrofuran hydroxylation dominating in DLM and HLM, and thiophene hydroxylation prevalent in RLM. However, a subsequent rat mass balance study with [nitrile-14C]BIIB104 showed incomplete recovery of administered radioactivity (∼80%) from urine and feces over 7 days following an oral dose, and an exceptionally long plasma total radioactivity half-life. Radiochromatographic metabolite profiling and identification, including chemical derivation, revealed that [14C]cyanide was a major metabolite of [nitrile-14C]BIIB104 in RLM, but a minor and trace metabolite in DLM and HLM, respectively. Correspondingly in bile duct-cannulated rats, [14C]thiocyanate accounted for ∼53% of total radioactivity excreted over 48 hours postdose and it, as an endogenous substance, explained the exceptionally long plasma radioactivity half-life. The release of [14C]cyanide from the 2-cyanothiophene moiety is postulated to follow an epoxidation-initiated thiophene-opening based on the detection of non-radiolabeled counterpart metabolites in RLM. This unusual biotransformation serves as a lesson regarding placement of the radioactive label on an aryl nitrile when material will be used for evaluating the metabolism of a new drug candidate. Additionally, the potential cyanide metabolite of nitrile-containing drug molecules may be detected in liver microsomes with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following a chemical derivatization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Using [nitrile-14C]BIIB104, non-intuitive metabolites of BIIB104 were discovered involving a novel cyanide release from the 2-cyanothiophene motif via a postulated epoxidation-initiated thiophene-opening. This unusual biotransformation serves as a lesson regarding placement of the radioactive label on an aryl nitrile when material will be used for evaluating the metabolism of a new drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungang Gu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - Cathy Muste
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - Jeremy Zhong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - R Scott Obach
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
| | - Christopher L Shaffer
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (C.G., J.H., C.M.), External Innovation Unit (C.L.S.), and Physical Biochemistry (J.Z.), Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut (G.S.W., R.S.O.)
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Hosseinzadeh S, Hasanpur K. Whole genome discovery of regulatory genes responsible for the response of chicken to heat stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6544. [PMID: 38503864 PMCID: PMC10951342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are functional bridges connecting the genome with phenotypes by interacting with DNA, mRNA, and proteins. Using publically available acute heat stress (AHS)-related RNA-seq data, we discovered novel lncRNAs and tested their association with AHS along with ~ 8800 known lncRNAs and ~ 28,000 mRNA transcripts. Our pipeline discovered a total of 145 potentially novel-lncRNAs. One of them (Fishcomb_p-value = 0.06) along with another novel transcript (annotated as protein-coding; Fishcomb_p-value = 0.03) were identified as significantly associated with AHS. We found five known-lncRNAs and 134 mRNAs transcripts that were significantly associated with AHS. Four novel lncRNAs interact cis-regulated with 12 mRNA transcripts and are targeted by 11 miRNAs. Also six meta-lncRNAs associate with 134 meta-mRNAs through trans-acting co-expression, each targeted by 15 and 216 miRNAs, respectively. Three of the known-lncRNAs significantly co-expressed with almost 97 of the significant mRNAs (Pearson correlation p-value < 0.05). We report the mentioned three known-lncRNAs (ENSGALT00000099876, ENSGALT00000107573, and ENSGALT00000106323) as the most, significantly regulatory elements of AHS in chicken. It can be concluded that in order to alleviate the adverse effects of AHS on chicken, the manipulation of the three regulatory lncRNAs could lead to a more desirable result than the manipulation of the most significant mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Hasanpur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hassan RO. Microextraction with smartphone detection of thiocyanate in saliva of tobacco smokers using paper-based analytical method. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300596. [PMID: 37968809 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel, cost-effective approach involving spectrophotometric and smartphone paper-based (SPB) methods and a distinctive salting-out air-assisted dispersive microextraction procedure to quantify thiocyanate in saliva samples. The method relies on the inhibitory effect of thiocyanate on quinoneimine dye formation during the Emerson reaction with sodium hypochlorite. Spectrophotometry quantifies the extracted dye by monitoring quinoneimine color intensity reduction at 525 nm. In the SPB method, extracted dye is applied to a paper strip, a smartphone captures the colored paper, and an application analyzes red, green, and blue components. All analyte determination and extraction variables were explored. Both methods exhibit good linearity (10-100 μg/L) with a coefficient of determination of 0.9991 and a limit of detection of 7.5 μg/L for the spectrophotometric method, and a coefficient of determination of 0.9988 and a limit of detection of 8.8 μg/L for the SPB method. The calculated values for the enrichment factor and extraction recovery of the developed extraction methodology were 46% and 93%, respectively. The methods detect thiocyanate in saliva samples, producing results comparable to a validated method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebwar Omar Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Lian P, Cai X, Wang C, Liu K, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Ma Z, Cao X, Xu Y. Identification of metabolism-related subtypes and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:628. [PMID: 37715200 PMCID: PMC10504766 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its pathogenic mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests an important role of metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. Herein, we identified the metabolism-related AD subtypes and feature genes. METHODS The AD datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the metabolism-relevant genes were downloaded from a previously published compilation. Consensus clustering was performed to identify the AD subclasses. The clinical characteristics, correlations with metabolic signatures, and immune infiltration of the AD subclasses were evaluated. Feature genes were screened using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and processed via Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Furthermore, three machine-learning algorithms were used to narrow down the selection of the feature genes. Finally, we identified the diagnostic value and expression of the feature genes using the AD dataset and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Three AD subclasses were identified, namely Metabolism Correlated (MC) A (MCA), MCB, and MCC subclasses. MCA contained signatures associated with high AD progression and may represent a high-risk subclass compared with the other two subclasses. MCA exhibited a high expression of genes related to glycolysis, fructose, and galactose metabolism, whereas genes associated with the citrate cycle and pyruvate metabolism were downregulated and associated with high immune infiltration. Conversely, MCB was associated with citrate cycle genes and exhibited elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes. Using WGCNA, 101 metabolic genes were identified to exhibit the strongest association with poor AD progression. Finally, the application of machine-learning algorithms enabled us to successfully identify eight feature genes, which were employed to develop a nomogram model that could bring distinct clinical benefits for patients with AD. As indicated by the AD datasets and qRT-PCR analysis, these genes were intimately associated with AD progression. CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction is associated with AD. Hypothetical molecular subclasses of AD based on metabolic genes may provide new insights for developing individualized therapy for AD. The feature genes highly correlated with AD progression included GFAP, CYB5R3, DARS, KIAA0513, EZR, KCNC1, COLEC12, and TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Lian
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Meredith JD, Gray MJ. Hypothiocyanite and host-microbe interactions. Mol Microbiol 2023; 119:302-311. [PMID: 36718113 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pseudohypohalous acid hypothiocyanite/hypothiocyanous acid (OSCN- /HOSCN) has been known to play an antimicrobial role in mammalian immunity for decades. It is a potent oxidant that kills bacteria but is non-toxic to human cells. Produced from thiocyanate (SCN- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in a variety of body sites by peroxidase enzymes, HOSCN has been explored as an agent of food preservation, pathogen killing, and even improved toothpaste. However, despite the well-recognized antibacterial role HOSCN plays in host-pathogen interactions, little is known about how bacteria sense and respond to this oxidant. In this work, we will summarize what is known and unknown about HOSCN in innate immunity and recent advances in understanding the responses that both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria mount against this antimicrobial agent, highlighting studies done with three model organisms, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Meredith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael J Gray
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yohimbine Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Aerobic Cysteine Metabolism Elevated in the Rat Liver of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052025. [PMID: 36903271 PMCID: PMC10004569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yohimbine is a small indole alkaloid derived from the bark of the yohimbe tree with documented biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, erectile dysfunction relieving, and fat-burning properties. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfane sulfur-containing compounds are regarded as important molecules in redox regulation and are involved in many physiological processes. Recently, their role in the pathophysiology of obesity and obesity-induced liver injury was also reported. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the mechanism of biological activity of yohimbine is related to reactive sulfur species formed during cysteine catabolism. We tested the effect of yohimbine at doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg/day administered for 30 days on aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of cysteine and oxidative processes in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Our study revealed that HFD resulted in a decrease in cysteine and sulfane sulfur levels in the liver, while sulfates were elevated. In the liver of obese rats, rhodanese expression was diminished while lipid peroxidation increased. Yohimbine did not influence sulfane sulfur and thiol levels in the liver of obese rats, however, this alkaloid at a dose of 5 mg decreased sulfates to the control level and induced expression of rhodanese. Moreover, it diminished hepatic lipid peroxidation. It can be concluded that HFD attenuates anaerobic and enhances aerobic cysteine catabolism and induces lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Yohimbine at a dose of 5 mg/kg can alleviate oxidative stress and reduce elevated concentrations of sulfate probably by the induction of TST expression.
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