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Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Tang W, Teng W, Mu X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Insights into oral lentinan immunomodulation: Dectin-1-mediated lymphatic transport from Peyer's patch M cells to mononuclear phagocytes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122586. [PMID: 39245482 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Lentinan (LNT), a natural polysaccharide, has been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in the intestine after oral administration. Herein, we aimed to investigate the lymphatic transport of LNT in Peyer's patches (PPs) by traceable fluorescent labeling and to explore whether/how LNT contacts related immune cells. Near-infrared imaging confirmed the absorption of LNT in the small intestinal segment and its accumulation within PPs after oral administration. Subsequently, tissue imaging confirmed that M cells are the main cells responsible for transporting LNT to PPs, and an M cell model was established to explore the involvement of Dectin-1 in the absorption process. Systematic in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the Dectin-1 further mediates the uptake of LNT by mononuclear phagocytes in PPs. Moreover, LNT can promote the proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, thereby activating immune responses. In summary, this study elucidates the pharmacokinetic mechanisms by which LNT exerts oral immunomodulatory effects, providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of other polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenqi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wangtianzi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
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2
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Lin Z, Nie F, Cao R, He W, Xu J, Guo Y. Lentinan-based pH-responsive nanoparticles achieve the combination therapy of tumors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135300. [PMID: 39236942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant threat to human health, and there is an urgent need for more effective treatments. Combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy is an effective strategy to enhance curative outcomes and holds great potential for widespread application. The natural phytochemical genistein (GEN) exhibits cytotoxicity against tumors and is a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Lentinan (LTN) is a natural polysaccharide with immune-enhancing properties that has been utilized in tumor treatment. This study constructed a pH-responsive nanoparticle GEN@LTN-BDBA with chemotherapy and immunotherapy functions using GEN and LTN. After characterizing the nanoparticles, the molecular mechanism of GEN@LTN-BDBA formation was explored using in silico simulation. GEN@LTN-BDBA can significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and HepG2 cells in vitro. The in vivo experiment results demonstrated that treatment with GEN@LTN-BDBA can significantly reduce tumor cell mass and prevent metastasis. In this nanoparticle, GEN induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of tumor cells. Meanwhile, the released LTN initiated an anti-tumor immune response by promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation and upregulating the expression of costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex. The construction method of GEN@LTN-BDBA can be extended to the preparation of other polysaccharides and hydrophobic chemotherapy molecules, offering a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Gao W, Dong Q, Wu X, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Lu F, Liu F. Bifunctional Inhibitor Lentinan Inhibits Fibrillogenesis of Amyloid-β Protein and α-Synuclein and Alleviates Their Cytotoxicity: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3437-3448. [PMID: 39264814 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Misfolding of β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-syn) and subsequent fibril formation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of AD and PD, respectively. Lentinan is a natural product commonly used in medicine and dietary supplements. It has potential antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects, but the underlying mechanism of its action on AD and PD remains unclear. In this study, lentinan inhibited the formation of Aβ and α-syn fibers in a dose-dependent manner and disrupted their mature fibers. Lentinan inhibited the conversion of Aβ and α-syn conformations to β-sheet-rich conformations. Additionally, lentinan protected Caenorhabditis elegans against damage caused by the accumulation of Aβ and α-syn aggregation and prolonged their lifespan. Notably, the beneficial effects of lentinan in AD and PD mice were also demonstrated, including ameliorating the cognitive and memory impairments in AD mice and behavioral deficits in PD mice. Finally, molecular interactions between lentinan and Aβ/α-syn pentamers were also explored using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qinchen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xinni Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jinbi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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4
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Accardi G, Di Majo D, Aiello A. The Role of Natural Products in Immunopharmacology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9256. [PMID: 39273205 PMCID: PMC11394681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue "The Role of Natural Products in Immunopharmacology", edited by Giulia Accardi, Danila Di Majo, and Anna Aiello focuses on the crucial role of natural products and their related components in treating various disorders, emphasizing their applications in the pharmacological and nutraceutical fields [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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Rodríguez-Fernández R, Fernández-Gómez Á, Mejuto JC, Astray G. Machine Learning Models to Classify Shiitake Mushrooms ( Lentinula edodes) According to Their Geographical Origin Labeling. Foods 2024; 13:2656. [PMID: 39272422 PMCID: PMC11394574 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The shiitake mushroom has gained popularity in the last decade, ranking second in the world for mushrooms consumed, providing consumers with a wide variety of nutritional and healthy benefits. It is often not clear the origin of these mushrooms, so it becomes of great importance to the consumers. In this research, different machine learning algorithms were developed to determine the geographical origin of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) consumed in Korea, based on experimental data reported in the literature (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, δ34S, and origin). Regarding the origin of shiitake in three categories (Korean, Chinese, and mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks), the random forest model presents the highest accuracy value (0.940) and the highest kappa value (0.908) for the validation phase. To determine the origin of shiitake mushrooms in two categories (Korean and Chinese, including mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks in the latter ones), the support vector machine model is chosen as the best model due to the high accuracy (0.988) and kappa (0.975) values for the validation phase. Finally, to determine the origin in two categories (Korean and Chinese, but this time including the mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks in the Korean ones), the best model is the random forest due to its higher accuracy value (0.952) in the validation phase (kappa value of 0.869). The accuracy values in the testing phase for the best selected models are acceptable (between 0.839 and 0.964); therefore, the predictive capacity of the models could be acceptable for their use in real applications. This allows us to affirm that machine learning algorithms would be suitable modeling instruments to determine the geographical origin of shiitake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángela Fernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan C Mejuto
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Astray
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Shi H, Zhang S, Zhu M, Li X, Jie W, Kan L. Extraction Optimization, Structural Analysis, and Potential Bioactivities of a Novel Polysaccharide from Sporisorium reilianum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:965. [PMID: 39199211 PMCID: PMC11352142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporisorium reilianum is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease. Polysaccharides extracted from diseased sorghum heads by Sporisorium reilianum exhibit significant medicinal and edible value. However, the structure and biological activities of these novel polysaccharides have not been explored. In this study, a novel polysaccharide (WM-NP'-60) was isolated and purified from the fruit bodies of S. reilianum and aimed to explore the structural characteristics and substantial antioxidant and antitumor properties of WM-NP'-60. Monosaccharide composition determination, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, 1D/2D-NMR analysis, and methylation analysis revealed that WM-NP'-60 consisted mainly of β-1,6-D-Glcp, β-1,3-D-Glcp, and β-1,3,6-D-Glcp linkages. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that WM-NP'-60 exhibited great activities, including scavenging free radicals, chelating ferrous ions, and eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. The HepG2, SGC7901, and HCT116 cells examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed typical apoptotic bodies. Therefore, a novel fungal polysaccharide (WM-NP'-60) was discovered, extracted, and purified in this experiment, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of a new generation of food and nutraceutical products suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mandi Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Weiguang Jie
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lianbao Kan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
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7
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Liang Z, Xiong L, Zang Y, Tang Z, Shang Z, Zhang J, Jia Z, Huang Y, Ye X, Liu H, Li M. Extraction Optimization and Anti-Tumor Activity of Polysaccharides from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:356. [PMID: 39195472 DOI: 10.3390/md22080356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii polysaccharides (CRPs) are bioactive compounds derived from C. reinhardtii, yet their potential in cancer therapy remains largely unexplored. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions using response surface methodology and proceeded with the isolation and purification of these polysaccharides. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as a sodium hydroxide concentration of 1.5%, ultrasonic power of 200 W, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL, an ultrasonic treatment time of 10 min, and a water bath duration of 2.5 h, yielding an actual extraction rate of 5.71 ± 0.001%, which closely aligns with the predicted value of 5.639%. Infrared analysis revealed that CRP-1 and CRP-2 are α-pyranose structures containing furoic acid, while CRP-3 and CRP-4 are β-pyranose structures containing furoic acid. Experimental results demonstrated that all four purified polysaccharides inhibited the proliferation of cervical (HeLa) hepatoma (HepG-2) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cells, with CRP-4 showing the most significant inhibitory effect on colon cancer and cervical cancer, achieving inhibition rates of 60.58 ± 0.88% and 40.44 ± 1.44%, respectively, and significantly reducing the migration of HeLa cells. DAPI staining confirmed that the four purified polysaccharides inhibit cell proliferation and migration by inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells. CRP-1 has the most significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of liver cancer cells. This study not only elucidates the potential application of C. reinhardtii polysaccharides in cancer therapy but also provides a scientific basis for their further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Lan Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Ying Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Zhenyu Shang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Zihan Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Hongquan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Mei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
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8
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Sivamaruthi BS, Sisubalan N, Kesika P, Sureka I, Chaiyasut C. A concise review of the nutritional profiles, microbial dynamics, and health impacts of fermented mushrooms. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3973-3994. [PMID: 38957107 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms have garnered significant attention for their nutritional composition and potential health benefits, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering properties. This review explores the nutritional composition of edible mushrooms, including their high protein content, essential amino acids, low fat, cholesterol levels, and bioactive compounds with medicinal value. Moreover, the study analyzes the microbiology of mushroom fermentation, focusing on the diverse microbial ecosystem involved in the transformation of raw mushrooms and the preservation methods employed to extend their shelf life. Special emphasis is placed on lactic acid fermentation as a cost-effective and efficient preservation technique. It involves controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria to enhance the microbial stability and nutritional quality of mushrooms. Furthermore, the bioactivities of fermented mushrooms are elucidated, which are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-glycemic, immune modulatory, and other biological activities. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are explored, emphasizing the role of fermented mushrooms in suppressing free radicals, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and modulating immune responses. Overall, this review provides comprehensive insights into the nutritional composition, microbiology, bioactivities, and underlying mechanisms of fermented mushrooms, highlighting their potential as functional foods with significant health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Indrajith Sureka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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9
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Gao Q, Li S, Sun W, Yan H, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Immunopotentiating effect of lentinan on chicks and its inhibitory effect on Marek's disease virus infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103840. [PMID: 38772093 PMCID: PMC11131074 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a significant tumorigenic virus that causes severe immunosuppression in chickens. Lentinan (LNT) is an immunomodulator containing β-glucans and is widely used in areas such as antiviral, anticancer, and immune regulation. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of LNT on specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and its potential to inhibit MDV infection, we conducted an MDV challenge experiment and observed the immune-enhancing effect of LNT on SPF chicks. The results showed that LNT promoted the growth and development of SPF chicks and induced the upregulation of cytokines such as Mx protein, interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The specific gravity of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and their ratios were also significantly upregulated. Prophylactic use of LNT inhibited MDV replication in lymphocytes, liver, and spleen. It also alleviated MDV-induced weight loss and hepatosplenomegaly in SPF chicks. The present study confirms that LNT can enhance the levels of innate and cellular immunity in SPF chicks and contributes to the inhibition of MDV replication in vivo and mitigation of immune organ damage in chicks due to MDV infection. This provides an adjunctive measure for better control of MDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wanli Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongjian Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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10
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Yu A, Hu W, Bi H, Fu L, Wang Z, Wang M, Kuang H. Recent Advances in Polysaccharides from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai.: Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2984. [PMID: 38998935 PMCID: PMC11242938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This article systematically reviews the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship, and health benefits of C. speciosa polysaccharides, and their potential application in food, medicine, functional products, and feed, in order to provide a useful reference for future research. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. has attracted the attention of health consumers and medical researchers as a traditional Chinese medicine with edible, medicinal, and nutritional benefits. According to this study, C. speciosa polysaccharides have significant health benefits, such as anti-diaetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Researchers determined the molecular weight, structural characteristics, and monosaccharide composition and ratio of C. speciosa polysaccharides by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. This study will lay a solid foundation for further optimization of the extraction process of C. speciosa polysaccharides and the development of their products. As an active ingredient with high value, C. speciosa polysaccharides are worthy of further study and full development. C. speciosa polysaccharides should be further explored in the future, to innovate their extraction methods, enrich their types and biological activities, and lay a solid foundation for further research and development of products containing polysaccharides that are beneficial to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150400, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150400, China
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11
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Barcan AS, Barcan RA, Vamanu E. Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:394. [PMID: 38921380 PMCID: PMC11204944 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides derived from mushroom species that have medicinal and edible properties. The fungal polysaccharides were recently studied, focusing on their modulation of the gut microbiota and their impact on various diseases. The study covers both clinical and preclinical studies, detailing the results and highlighting the significant influence of these polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation. It discusses the potential health benefits derived from incorporating these polysaccharides into the diet for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the interaction between fungal polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, underscoring their role in modulating the gut microbial community. It presents a systematic analysis of the findings, demonstrating the substantial impact of fungal polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and function, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects in various chronic conditions. We conclude that the modulation of the gut microbiota by these polysaccharides may play a crucial role in mediating their therapeutic effects, offering a promising avenue for further research and potential applications in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Stefan Barcan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang T, Li S, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhang M, Chen H. Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure-Activity Relationships. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:456. [PMID: 38675416 PMCID: PMC11053653 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease worldwide. The disturbance of the gut microbiota has a complex influence on the development of DM. Polysaccharides are one type of the most important natural components with anti-diabetic effects. Gut microbiota can participate in the fermentation of polysaccharides, and through this, polysaccharides regulate the gut microbiota and improve DM. This review begins by a summary of the sources, anti-diabetic effects and the gut microbiota regulation functions of natural polysaccharides. Then, the mechanisms of polysaccharides in regulating the gut microbiota to exert anti-diabetic effects and the structure-activity relationship are summarized. It is found that polysaccharides from plants, fungi, and marine organisms show great hypoglycemic activities and the gut microbiota regulation functions. The mechanisms mainly include repairing the gut burrier, reshaping gut microbiota composition, changing the metabolites, regulating anti-inflammatory activity and immune function, and regulating the signal pathways. Structural characteristics of polysaccharides, such as monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and type of glycosidic linkage, show great influence on the anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides. This review provides a reference for the exploration and development of the anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingyang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Min Zhang
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
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Mykchaylova O, Dubova H, Negriyko A, Lomberg M, Krasinko V, Gregori A, Poyedinok N. Photoregulation of the biosynthetic activity of the edible medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes in vitro. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:435-449. [PMID: 38289457 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The findings of the study demonstrate the impact of low-intensity laser and quasi-monochromatic light on the biosynthetic activity of the edible medicinal fungus L. edodes during submerged cultivation. An artificial lighting installation based on matrices of light-emitting diodes (LED) emitting light at 470 nm (blue), 530 nm (green), 650 nm (red), and argon gas laser (488 nm) was used. Irradiation with blue and red LED and laser led to a shortening of the lag phase by 2 days and an increase in the mycelial mass. Irradiation with laser light resulted in the highest mycelial mass yield (14.1 g/L) on the 8th day of cultivation. Irradiation in all used wavelength ranges caused an increase in the synthesis of both extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides. Laser light at 488 nm and LED at 470 nm proved to be the most effective. Irradiation with red, green, and blue laser light caused an increase in the total amount of fatty acids in the mycelial mass compared to the control. A significant distinction in qualitative composition was observed: short-chain acids C6‒C12 compounds were produced under red light irradiation, whereas long-chain C20‒C24 were formed under green light irradiation. The most significant changes in the aromatic profile of the mycelial mass and culture liquid were recorded upon irradiation with green light. The content of aromatic components increased 24.6 times in the mycelial mass and 38.5 times in the culture liquid. The results suggest the possibility of using low-intensity quasi-monochromatic light for targeted regulation of L. edodes biosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Mykchaylova
- Department of Mycology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Tereshchenkivska, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
- Faculty Biomedical Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 37, Beresteisky Avenue, Kiev, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Dubova
- Department of Food Technology, Poltava State Agrarian University, 1/3 Skovorody, Poltava, 36003, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy Negriyko
- Department of Laser Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, Prospect Nauki, Kiev, 03039, Ukraine
| | - Margarita Lomberg
- Department of Mycology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Tereshchenkivska, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoriia Krasinko
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, National University of Food Technologies, 68, Volodymyrska, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrej Gregori
- Mycomedica Ltd, Podkoren 72, 4280, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia
| | - Natalia Poyedinok
- Faculty Biomedical Engineering, Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 37, Beresteisky Avenue, Kiev, 03056, Ukraine
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Lv Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Lei Y, Pan M, Wang Z, Xiao W, Dai Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129878. [PMID: 38309394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides, a water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP-2) was isolated by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-100HR column chromatography. PCP-2 is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 42.0: 35.0: 13.9: 9.1. It exhibits a narrow molecular weight distribution at 2.35 kDa with a branching degree of 37.1 %. The main chain types of PCP-2 include 1,3-β-D-Glc and 1,6-β-D-Glc as the backbone glucans and 1,6-α-D-Gal as the backbone heterogalactan. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PCP-2 directly stimulate RAW264.7 cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors such as NO and TNF-α. In cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice, it promotes the development of thymus and spleen immune organs, elevates the blood levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and CD3+CD4+ T cells, increases the intestinal villus height/ crypt depth ratio and improves gut barrier dysfunctions. These findings suggest that PCP-2 is a natural fungal polysaccharide with broad spectrum of immunoenhancing effects, which can significantly ameliorate the immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Dongfan Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yipeng Lei
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Zhu Z, Luo Y, Lin L, Gao T, Yang Q, Fan Y, Wang S, Fu C, Liao W. Modulating Effects of Turmeric Polysaccharides on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3469-3482. [PMID: 38329061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Turmeric, a traditional medicinal herb, is commonly used as a dietary and functional ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric polysaccharides (TPs) on intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. We verified that the oral administration of TPs-0 and TPs-3 (200 and 400 mg/kg, bw) improved thymus and spleen indexes, increased the whole blood immune cells (WBC) and lymph count index, and stimulated the secretion of serum immunoglobulin IgG. More importantly, TPs-0 and TPs-3 could repair intestinal immune damage and reduce intestinal inflammation. The specific mechanism is ameliorating the intestinal pathological damage, promoting CD4+ T cell secretion, regulating the expression of related cytokines, and reducing the level of critical proteins in the NF-κB/iNOS pathway. Interestingly, the intake of TPs-0 and TPs-3 significantly increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, TPs-0 and TPs-3 relieved the intestinal microbiota disorder via the proliferation of the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and the inhibition of Staphylococcus. Cumulatively, our study suggests that TPs-0 and TPs-3 can relieve intestinal immune damage by repairing the immune barrier and regulating intestinal flora disorders. TPs have potential applications for enhancing immunity as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Yirong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Liting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Yunqiu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K
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Lindequist U. Medicinal Mushrooms as Multicomponent Mixtures-Demonstrated with the Example of Lentinula edodes. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:153. [PMID: 38392825 PMCID: PMC10890338 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are multicomponent mixtures (MOCSs). They consist of a large number of individual compounds, each with different chemical structures, functions, and possible pharmacological activities. In contrast to the activity of an isolated pure substance, the effects of the individual substances in a mushroom or its extracts can influence each other; they can strengthen, weaken, or complement each other. This results in both advantages and disadvantages for the use of either a pure substance or a multicomponent mixture. The review describes the differences and challenges in the preparation, characterization, and application of complex mixtures compared to pure substances, both obtained from the same species. As an example, we use the medicinal and culinary mushroom Lentinula edodes, shiitake, and some of its isolated compounds, mainly lentinan and eritadenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Liu S, Yan Z, Peng Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Xu D, Gong Y, Cui Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Pan W, Yang X. Lentinan has a beneficial effect on cognitive deficits induced by chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:454. [PMID: 38093309 PMCID: PMC10717010 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is increasingly considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is only limited information on the development of drugs for T. gondii infection. Lentinan from Lentinula edodes is a bioactive ingredient with the potential to enhance anti-infective immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lentinan on T. gondii-associated cognitive deficits in mice. METHODS A chronic T. gondii infection mouse model was established by administering 10 cysts of T. gondii by gavage. Lentinan was intraperitoneally administered 2 weeks before infection. Behavioral tests, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Golgi-Cox staining were performed to assess the effect of lentinan on cognitive deficits and neuropathology in vivo. In vitro, the direct and indirect effects of lentinan on the proliferation of T. gondii tachyzoites were evaluated in the absence and presence of BV-2 cells, respectively. RESULTS Lentinan prevented T. gondii-induced cognitive deficits and altered the transcriptome profile of genes related to neuroinflammation, microglial activation, synaptic function, neural development and cognitive behavior in the hippocampus of infected mice. Moreover, lentinan reduced the infection-induced accumulation of microglia and downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the neurite and synaptic ultrastructural damage in the hippocampal CA1 region due to infection was ameliorated by lentinan administration. Lentinan decreased the cyst burden in the brains of infected mice, which was correlated with behavioral performance. In line with this finding, lentinan could significantly inhibit the proliferation of T. gondii tachyzoites in the microglial cell line BV2, although lentinan had no direct inhibitory effect on parasite growth. CONCLUSIONS Lentinan prevents cognitive deficits via the improvement of neurite impairment and synaptic loss induced by T. gondii infection, which may be associated with decreased cyst burden in the brain. Overall, our findings indicate that lentinan can ameliorate T. gondii-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuying Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyu Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongshui Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Dahui Wang
- Liangshan College (Li Shui) China, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ji ZH, He S, Xie WY, Zhao PS, Ren WZ, Gao W, Yuan B. Agaricus blazei Polysaccharide Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulating Intestinal Barrier and Remodeling Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4877. [PMID: 38068735 PMCID: PMC10707896 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic noninfectious intestinal disease that severely affects patients' quality of life. Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharide (ABP) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM). It has good efficacy in inhibiting tumor cell growth, lowering blood pressure, and improving atherosclerosis. However, its effect on colitis is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the protective effects and potential mechanisms of ABP against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in mice. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ABP significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, ABP intervention was able to maintain the integrity of the intestinal mechanical barrier by promoting the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin tight junction proteins and facilitating mucus secretion. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing results suggested that ABP intervention was able to alleviate DSS-induced gut microbiota disruption, and nontargeted metabolomics results indicated that ABP was able to remodel metabolism. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that dietary supplementation with ABP alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and remodeling metabolism. These results improve our understanding of ABP function and provide a theoretical basis for the use of dietary supplementation with ABP for the prevention of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wen-Yin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pei-Sen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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19
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Jin Yang H, Kwon EB, Choi JG, Li W. Sarcodonol A-D from fruiting bodies of Sarcodon imbricatus inhibits HCoV-OC43 induced apoptosis in MRC-5 cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106824. [PMID: 37669581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Four new 26-carboxylated ergostane-type sterols (Sarcodonol A-D) were isolated from 70% ethanol extracts of dried fruiting bodies of Sarcodon imbricatus. Their chemical structures were elucidated using 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and confirmed by comparison with previously reported data. As far as we know, this is the first instance of isolating a 26-carboxylated ergostane-type sterol from nature. The determined antiviral efficacy of sarcodonol A-D (1-4) against HCoV-OC43 in MRC-5 cells confirmed that sarcodonol D (4) had significant antiviral activity. Notably, sarcodonol D (4) potently blocked virus infection at low-micromolar concentration and showed high SI (IC50 = 2.26 μM; CC50 > 100 μM; SI > 44.2). In addition, this research shows that the antiviral effect of sarcodonol D (4) via reduced apoptosis increased by viral infection is through mitochondrial stress regulation. This suggests that sarcodonol D (4) is a potential candidate for use as an antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Zhao J, Lin J, Yan J, Zhang C, Wang T, Gan B. Evaluation of the nutritional value, umami taste, and volatile organic compounds of Hypsizygus marmoreus by simulated salivary digestion in vitro. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100591. [PMID: 37731940 PMCID: PMC10507378 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible medicinal mushroom species with a high dietary value. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value, umami taste, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of H. marmoreus treated with hot water combined with simulated salivary digestion in vitro. Seafood mushroom (Hm3) had the highest content of moisture, soluble polysaccharides, soluble proteins, and total flavonoids while white Hypsizygus marmoreus (Hm1) had the highest total phenolic content. Moreover, Hm1 had a more noticeable equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value, indicating the umami properties of Hm1 as a food or processing ingredient. Results from E-nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS revealed that the VOCs of Hm1 and brown Hypsizygus marmoreus (Hm2) were relatively similar, which differed substantially from Hm3. Among the 134 VOCs, 24 differential metabolites were identified by OPLS-DA analysis, characterized by VIP > 1, p-value < 0.05, and FC > 2 (pairwise comparisons). Furthermore, 10 biomarkers with VIP > 1 and p-value < 0.05 were identified by PLS-DA analysis based on the total differential metabolites to distinguish different strains of H. marmoreus. These results will benefit future research on the chemistry of H. marmoreus and serve as a guide for breeding, introducing, and using the species more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, China
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21
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Xie L, Yan H, Han L, Cui L, Hussain H, Feng Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Aziz S, He J, Wang D. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of neutral polysaccharides from American ginseng. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125586. [PMID: 37379950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
American ginseng, a precious classic herbal medicine, is used extensively in China for life prolongation purpose. This study aimed to elucidate the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from American ginseng (AGP-A). Nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze AGP-A's structure, whereas Raw264.7 cell and zebrafish models were employed to assess its anti-inflammatory activity. According to the results, AGP-A has a molecular weight of 5561 Da and is primarily consisted of glucose. Additionally, linear α-(1 → 4)-glucans with α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-Glcp-(1→ residues linked to the backbone at C-6 formed the backbone of AGP-A. Furthermore, AGP-A significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in Raw264.7 cell model. AGP-A in zebrafish model significantly lower the massive recruitment of neutrophils to the neuromast of the caudal lateral line. Inflammation may be relieved by the AGP-A component in American ginseng based on these results. In conclusion, our study shows the structural characterization, remarkable anti-inflammatory properties of AGP-A and its potential curative efficacy as a safe, valid natural anti-inflammatory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China
| | - Huijiao Yan
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liwen Han
- School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250017, China
| | - Li Cui
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Qixiang Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China
| | - Shahid Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Jixiang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze 274000, China.
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22
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Nalam SM, Chintamaneni PK, Saxena Pal R, Chaitanya MVNL, Kumar Singh S, Saranya P, Arora S, Sharma S, Pandey P, Mazumder A, Babu R, Amoateng P, Singh A. From nature's bounty to drug discovery: Leveraging phytochemicals and molecular approaches to combat multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 71 Suppl 1:S117-S129. [PMID: 39067943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A large number of people annually lose their lives to tuberculosis (TB), which is an age-old disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The global spread of TB is a concern for all regions. The south-east Asian region recorded 46% of all new TB cases in 2021, followed by the African and western Pacific regions with 23% and 18%, respectively. Researchers are always searching at natural substances for potential alternative therapeutics to tackle the worrisome growth in multi-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis due to the high costs associated with developing new treatments and unfavourable side effects of currently used synthetic pharmaceuticals. Phytochemicals show promising results as a future health aid due to their multi-targeting ability on pathogen cells. In the search for new drug leads, the Ayurvedic and Siddha medical systems have made an extensive use of ethnomedicinal tools, including the use of plants like Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia willd.), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.), Kustha (Saussurea lappa Falc.), turmeric (Curcuma longa Mal.) and Green tea (Camellia sinensis Linn.). These sources are high in flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins and catechins, has been shown to reduce the risk of TB. In this overview, we look at how natural sources like plants, algae and mushrooms have helped researchers to find new drug leads, and how to back these natural sources through mapping the molecular approaches and other approaches has helped them to defeat MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Gitam-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 502329, India
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, India
| | - M V N L Chaitanya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, India
| | - P Saranya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital Campus, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chromepet, Chennai, 600044, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Department of Sponsored Research, Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Niet Pharmacy Institute C Block, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gautam Buddh Nagar, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144402, India
| | - Patrick Amoateng
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, H.No 21a, Lane No 4, Chheharta, Amritsar, Punjab, 143002, India
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23
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Ahmad I, Arif M, Mimi X, Zhang J, Ding Y, Lyu F. Therapeutic values and nutraceutical properties of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes): A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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24
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Wang X, Chan YS, Wong K, Yoshitake R, Sadava D, Synold TW, Frankel P, Twardowski PW, Lau C, Chen S. Mechanism-Driven and Clinically Focused Development of Botanical Foods as Multitarget Anticancer Medicine: Collective Perspectives and Insights from Preclinical Studies, IND Applications and Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:701. [PMID: 36765659 PMCID: PMC9913787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and mortality remain challenging because of current obstacles and limitations in cancer treatment. Continuous efforts are being made to explore complementary and alternative approaches to alleviate the suffering of cancer patients. Epidemiological and nutritional studies have indicated that consuming botanical foods is linked to a lower risk of cancer incidence and/or improved cancer prognosis after diagnosis. From these observations, a variety of preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the potential of botanical food products as anticancer medicines. Unfortunately, many investigations have been poorly designed, and encouraging preclinical results have not been translated into clinical success. Botanical products contain a wide variety of chemicals, making them more difficult to study than traditional drugs. In this review, with the consideration of the regulatory framework of the USFDA, we share our collective experiences and lessons learned from 20 years of defining anticancer foods, focusing on the critical aspects of preclinical studies that are required for an IND application, as well as the checkpoints needed for early-phase clinical trials. We recommend a developmental pipeline that is based on mechanisms and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yin S. Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Sadava
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Timothy W. Synold
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Przemyslaw W. Twardowski
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Clayton Lau
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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25
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An Immunomodulatory Polysaccharide-Protein Complex Isolated from the Polypore Fungus Royoporus badius. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010087. [PMID: 36675908 PMCID: PMC9864380 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many wild edible polypore mushrooms have medicinal value. In this study, we investigate the potential medicinal properties of the wild polypore mushroom Royoporus badius collected from north-central British Columbia, Canada. Water extract from R. badius was found to exhibit potent immunomodulatory activity. The extract was purified using DEAE-Sephadex anion-exchange chromatography as well as Sephacryl S-500 and HPLC BioSEC5 size-exclusion chromatography, to yield a novel polysaccharide-protein complex (IMPP-Rb).IMPP-Rb has a peak maxima molecular weight (Mp) of 950 kDa. GC-MS analyses showed that IMPP-Rb is composed predominantly of glucose (49.2%), galactose (11.3%), mannose (10.8%), rhamnose (9.6%), and galacturonic acid (8.2%), with smaller amounts of xylose (5.2%), fucose (2.8%), N-acetyl glucosamine (1.8%), and arabinose (1.2%). IMPP-Rb has multiple linkages, with 4-Glcp, 4-Manp, 6-Manp, 3,4-Manp, 4-Xylp, and 2-Rhap being the most prominent. IMPP-Rb is capable of inducing many cytokines in vitro and the protein component is indispensable for its immunomodulatory activity. IMPP-Rb has potential application as an immuno-stimulatory agent with pharmaceutical value.
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26
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Bi C, Xu H, Yu J, Ding Z, Liu Z. Botanical characteristics, chemical components, biological activity, and potential applications of mangosteen. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15329. [PMID: 37187523 PMCID: PMC10178281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen), a functional food, belongs to the Garcinaceae family and has various pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. Mangosteen has abundant chemical constituents with powerful pharmacological effects. After searching scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI, we summarized the traditional applications, botanical features, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of mangosteen. Further, we revealed the mechanism by which it improves health and treats disease. These findings provide a theoretical basis for mangosteen's future clinical use and will aid doctors and researchers who investigate the biological activity and functions of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhinan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
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