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Wang J, Li M, Wu W, Zhang H, Yang Y, Usman M, Aernouts B, Loor JJ, Xu C. Inflammatory Signaling via PEIZO1 Engages and Enhances the LPS-Mediated Apoptosis during Clinical Mastitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20321-20330. [PMID: 39229907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Bovine clinical mastitis is characterized by inflammation and immune responses, with apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells as a cellular reaction to infection. PIEZO1, identified as a mechanotransduction effector channel in nonruminant animals and sensitive to both mechanical stimuli or inflammatory signals like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, its role in inflammatory processes in cattle has not been well-documented. The aim of this study was to elucidate the in situ expression of PIEZO1 in bovine mammary gland and its potential involvement in clinical mastitis. We observed widespread distribution and upregulation of PIEZO1 in mammary epithelial cells in clinical mastitis cows and LPS-induced mouse models, indicating a conserved role across species. In vitro studies using mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) revealed that LPS upregulates PIEZO1. Notably, the effects of PIEZO1 artificial activator Yoda1 increased apoptosis and NLRP3 expression, effects mitigated by PIEZO1 silencing or NLRP3 inhibition. In conclusion, the activation of the PIEZO1-NLRP3 pathway induces abnormal apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells, potentially serving as a regulatory mechanism to combat inflammatory responses to abnormal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - HuiJing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ben Aernouts
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven University, Campus Geel, Kleinhoefstraat 4, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Widodo OS, Uno S, Kokushi E, Yamato O, Mardianto MFF, Shinya U, Kano Y, Kawashima C, Fushimi Y, Ono T, Taniguchi M, Takagi M. Exposure of Cattle Breeding Herds to Naturally Co-Contaminated Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol: The Relevance of a Urinary Mycotoxin Monitoring System for Herd Health and Food Safety. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:402. [PMID: 39330860 PMCID: PMC11436142 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16090402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread presence of Fusarium mycotoxins in animal feed is a global issue, not only for the health of livestock but also for ensure the safety of food as an end product. High concentrations of zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) have been detected in the diets of Japanese Black (JB) and Holstein Friesian (HF) breeding herds. Consequently, we monitored serum biochemical parameters over a long time in both herds, focusing on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and acute-phase inflammation. Additionally, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and progesterone levels were measured in the HF herd. The JB herd, a ZEN-dominant model with low DON contamination, demonstrated ZEN levels that exceeded the Japanese limit in the purchased total mixed rations (TMR). Conversely, the HF herd, which primary consumes DON-dominant feed with low ZEN contamination, had high DON levels in the dent corn silage. Specifically, the JB herd's TMR contained 1.79 mg/kg ZEN and 0.58 mg/kg DON, whereas the HF herd's silage had 15.3 mg/kg DON (dried sample) and 0.1 mg/kg ZEN. Enzyme-linked immunoassay were used to measure urinary ZEN-DON levels following confirmation through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary ZEN-DON levels measured were significantly correlated (p < 0.05, r > 0.6) in both herds. In the HF herd, AMH levels increased (p = 0.01) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels decreased (p = 0.02) when contaminated and at the end of the monitoring period. Additionally, urinary ZEN and DON levels were significantly correlated with SAA levels (ZEN: p = 0.00, r = 0.46; DON: p = 0.03, r = 0.33), with an increase in ZEN and DON levels resulting in higher SAA levels. The JB herd showed no significant differences. Additionally, in the HF herd, 8-OHdG/Cre levels increased significantly during major contamination periods (p < 0.05). Clinical data from the HF herd indicated an increase in mastitis cases and treatment rates during periods of major contamination. Abortion rates in the HF herd decreased from 22.9% (before monitoring) to 8.9% (during the high contamination period) and finally to 1% (at the end of the monitoring period), with corresponding increases in progesterone levels. ZEN-DON contamination adversely affects breeding cattle's productivity, reproductive performance, and health. Therefore, monitoring urinary ZEN-DON is valuable for detecting contaminants and ensuring the safety of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oky Setyo Widodo
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Seiichi Uno
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Emiko Kokushi
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - M Fariz Fadillah Mardianto
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Urara Shinya
- Soo Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan
| | - Yuto Kano
- Soo Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan
| | - Chiho Kawashima
- Field Center of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | | | - Tetsushi Ono
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Zhang G, Zeng C, Sun X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xia R, Mai Q, Xue G, Huang H, Wang F. Zearalenone modulates the function of goat endometrial cells via the mitochondrial quality control system. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23701. [PMID: 38941193 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302198rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin known for its estrogen-like effects, which can disrupt the normal physiological function of endometrial cells and potentially lead to abortion in female animals. However, the precise mechanism by which ZEN regulates endometrial function remains unclear. In this study, we found that the binding receptor estrogen receptors for ZEN is extensively expressed across various segments of the uterus and within endometrial cells, and a certain concentration of ZEN treatment reduced the proliferation capacity of goat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Meanwhile, cell cycle analysis revealed that ZEN treatment leaded to cell cycle arrest in goat EECs and ESCs. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the mitochondrial quality control systems and observed that ZEN triggered excessive mitochondrial fission and disturbed the balance of mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, increased mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy in goat EECs and ESCs. Additionally, ZEN treatment reduced the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, heightened the production of hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species, and caused cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that ZEN has adverse effects on goat endometrium cells by disrupting the mitochondrial quality control system and affecting cell cycle and proliferation. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways involved in ZEN-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequences on cell function will provide critical insights into the reproductive toxicity of ZEN and contribute to safeguarding the health and wellbeing of animals and humans exposed to this mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyang Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Yangtze River Delta White Goat Breeding Research Institute, Nantong, China
| | - Han Huang
- Mashan County Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Dabouri Farimani F, Hosseini M, Amirahmadi S, Akbarian M, Shirazinia M, Barabady M, Rajabian A. Cedrol supplementation ameliorates memory deficits by regulating neuro-inflammation and cholinergic function in lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30356. [PMID: 38707398 PMCID: PMC11068808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, is found in a high amount in several conifers. It possess several beneficial health effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study evaluates the neuroprotective role of cedrol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and memory loss in rats. Methods Wistar rats were treated with cedrol (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, oral, two weeks). During the last week, the rats (except for the control group) were treated with LPS (intraperitoneal injection, 1 mg/kg) to induce memory impairment. After that, the animals were subjected to behavioral studies (Morris water maze and passive avoidance) and biochemical assessments. Results Our results showed a significant decrease in learning and memory function-in LPS-induced rats which were reversed by cedrol. Also, there was a significant increase in the cerebral levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in LPS-treated rats. Besides, a significant reduction in total thiol and superoxide dismutase levels was observed in LPS-treated rats. However, cedrol significantly decreased the brain level of AChE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Administration of cedrol also restored the oxidative stress markers. Conclusion the beneficial effects of cedrol against LPS-induced memory impairment could be due to antioxidant activities and modulation of neuro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Dabouri Farimani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sabiheh Amirahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsan Akbarian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matin Shirazinia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moselm Barabady
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Wang H, She F, Chen F, Li K, Qin S. Selenium-Chitosan Protects Porcine Endometrial Epithelial Cells from Zearalenone-induced Apoptosis via the JNK/SAPK Signaling Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2075-2084. [PMID: 37610602 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether selenium-chitosan (Se-CTS) can protect porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) against damage and apoptosis induced by zearalenone (ZEA) via modulating the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway. The cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis rates of porcine endometrial epithelial cells were determined, as well as the expression levels of genes related to the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway. The results showed that 3.0 µmol/L Se-CTS decreased the percentage of ZEA-induced G1 phase in PEECs (P < 0.01), whereas 1.5 and 3.0 µmol/L Se-CTS increased the percentage of ZEA-induced percentage of G2 phase of PEECs (P < 0.01). Further, Se-CTS at 1.5 and 3.0 µmol/L improved the ZEA-induced decrease in MMP (P < 0.01), whereas Se-CTS at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 µmol/L reduced the increase in ROS levels and apoptosis rate induced by ZEA in PEECs (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, 3.0 µmol/L Se-CTS ameliorated the increase in the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), apoptosis signal-regulated kinase (ASK1), and c-Jun induced by ZEA (P < 0.01) and the reduction in mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and protein 53 (p53) expression (P < 0.01), while 1.5 µmol/L Se-CTS improved the expression of ASK1 and c-Jun induced by ZEA (P < 0.05). The results proved that Se-CTS alleviates ZEA-induced cell cycle stagnation, cell mitochondrial damage, and cell apoptosis via decreasing ZEA-produced ROS and modulating the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Xiqing District, No 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Fuze She
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Xiqing District, No 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Chengyang District, No 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Xiqing District, No 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Shunyi Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Xiqing District, No 22 Jinjing Road, Tianjin, 300392, China.
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Hotan Vocational and Technical College, 10 Jinghuai Avenue, Beijing Industrial Zone, Hotan, 848000, China.
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How CM, Li YS, Huang WY, Wei CC. Early-life exposure to mycotoxin zearalenone exacerbates aberrant immune response, oxidative stress, and mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans under pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis infection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116085. [PMID: 38342010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a prevalent mycotoxin that severely impacts human and animal health. However, the possible interactions between ZEN exposure, pathogen infection, immune system, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were rarely investigated. We studied the effects of early-life ZEN (50 µM) exposure on the immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans against Bacillus thuringiensis infection and the associated mechanisms. The transcriptomic responses of C. elegans after early-life ZEN exposure were investigated using RNA sequencing and followed by verification using quantitative PCR analysis. We also investigated the immune responses of the worms through B. thuringiensis killing assays and by measuring oxidative stress. The transcriptomics result showed that early-life exposure to ZEN resulted in 44 differentially expressed genes, 7 of which were protein-coding genes with unknown functions. The Gene Ontology analysis suggested that metabolic processes and immune response were among the most significantly enriched biological processes, and the KEGG analysis suggested that lysosomes and metabolic pathways were the most significantly enriched pathways. The ZEN-exposed worms exhibited significantly reduced survival after 24-h B. thuringiensis infection, reaching near 100% mortality compared to 60% of the controls. Using qRT-PCR assay, we found that ZEN further enhanced the expression of immunity genes lys-6, spp-1, and clec-60 after B. thuringiensis infection. A concurrently enhanced ROS accumulation was also observed for ZEN-exposed worms after B. thuringiensis infection, which was 1.2-fold compared with the controls. Moreover, ZEN exposure further enhanced mRNA expression of catalases (ctl-1 and ctl-2) and increased catalase protein activity after B. thuringiensis exposure compared with their non-exposed counterparts, suggesting an elevated oxidative stress. This study suggests that early-life exposure to mycotoxin zearalenone overstimulates immune responses involving spp-17, clec-52, and clec-56, resulting in excessive ROS production, enhanced oxidative stress as indicated by aggravated ctl expression and activity, and a decline in host resistance to pathogenic infection which ultimately leads to increased mortality under B. thuringiensis infection. Our findings provide evidence that could improve our understanding on the potential interactions between mycotoxin zearalenone and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ming How
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Shan Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Huang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
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Aditya S, Qumar M, Karimy MF, Pourazad P, Penagos-Tabares F, Wulansari N. High-grain feeding contributes to endotoxin contamination in dairy milk. Toxicon 2024; 241:107659. [PMID: 38423219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To support milk production and milk quality, ruminant animals like dairy cows are particularly fed using concentrate containing high grain and starch. Nonetheless, this type of regimen feeding could induce subacute rumen acidosis condition. Then, these circumstances cause the lysis of gram-negative bacteria accompanied by endotoxin release in gut. More importantly, gut endotoxin could be translocated to mammary gland, whereby this condition negatively affects to milk safety. The aim of the review is to update and summarize the current knowledge regarding high-grain diet and the occurrence of endotoxin in milk of dairy cows. The data suggest that there is interplay between high-grain feeding for dairy cows to endotoxin contamination in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aditya
- Research Group of Food Safety, Research Center for Food Technology Processing, The National Agency for Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja-Wonosari, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - M Qumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - M F Karimy
- Research Group of Food Safety, Research Center for Food Technology Processing, The National Agency for Research and Innovation of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Jogja-Wonosari, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - P Pourazad
- Phytogenic Feed Additives Division, Delacon Biotechnik GmbH Langwiesen 24, 4209, Engerwitzdorf, Austria
| | - F Penagos-Tabares
- Unit Nutritional Physiology, Centre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department of Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria; FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - N Wulansari
- The Animal Teaching Hospital, Universitas Brawijaya, Puncak Dieng Eksklusif, Kalisongo, Dau, Malang, East Java, 6514, Indonesia
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Cai P, Liu S, Tu Y, Shan T. Toxicity, biodegradation, and nutritional intervention mechanism of zearalenone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168648. [PMID: 37992844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a global mycotoxin commonly found in a variety of grain products and animal feed, causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract, immune organs, liver and reproductive system. Many treatments, including physical, chemical and biological methods, have been reported for the degradation of ZEA. Each degradation method has different degradation efficacies and distinct mechanisms. In this article, the global pollution status, hazard and toxicity of ZEA are summarized. We also review the biological detoxification methods and nutritional regulation strategies for alleviating the toxicity of ZEA. Moreover, we discuss the molecular detoxification mechanism of ZEA to help explore more efficient detoxification methods to better reduce the global pollution and hazard of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Penagos-Tabares F, Khiaosa-Ard R, Faas J, Steininger F, Papst F, Egger-Danner C, Zebeli Q. A 2-year study reveals implications of feeding management and exposure to mycotoxins on udder health, performance, and fertility in dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1124-1142. [PMID: 37709039 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins and their secondary metabolites in dairy rations and a substantial variation in the feeding management among Austrian dairy farms. The present study aimed to characterize to which extent these factors contribute to the fertility, udder health traits, and performance of dairy herds. During 2019 and 2020, we surveyed 100 dairy farms, visiting each farm 2 times and collecting data and feed samples. Data collection involved information on the main feed ingredients, nutrient composition, and the levels of mycotoxin and other metabolites in the diet. The annual fertility and milk data of the herds were obtained from the national reporting agency. Calving interval was the target criterion for fertility performance, whereas the percentage of primiparous and multiparous cows in the herd with somatic cell counts above 200,000 cells/mL was the criterion for impaired udder health. For each criterion, herds were classified into 3 groups: high/long, mid, and low/short, with the cut-off corresponding to the <25th and >75th percentiles and the rest of the data, respectively. Accordingly, for the calving interval, the cut-offs for the long and short groups were ≥400 and ≤380 d, for the udder health in primiparous cows were ≥20% and ≤8% of the herd, and for the udder health in multiparous cows were ≥35% and ≤20% of the herd, respectively. Quantitative approaches were further performed to define potential risk factors in the herds. The high somatic cell count group had higher dietary exposure to enniatins (2.8 vs. 1.62 mg/cow per d), deoxynivalenol (4.91 vs. 2.3 mg/cow per d), culmorin (9.48 vs. 5.72 mg/cow per d), beauvericin (0.32 vs. 0.18 mg/cow per d), and siccanol (13.3 vs. 5.15 mg/cow per d), and total Fusarium metabolites (42.8 vs. 23.2 mg/cow per d) and used more corn silage in the ration (26.9% vs. 17.3% diet DM) compared with the low counterparts. Beauvericin was the most substantial contributing variable among the Fusarium metabolites, as indicated by logistic regression and modeling analyses. Logistic analysis indicated that herds with high proportions of cows with milk fat-to-protein ratio >1.5 had an increased odds for a longer calving interval, which was found to be significant for primiparous cows (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.65-21.7). As well, herds with high proportions of multiparous cows showing levels of milk urea nitrogen >30 mg/dL had an increased odds for longer calving intervals (odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-7.87). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that dietary contamination of Fusarium mycotoxins (especially emerging ones), likely due to increased use of corn silage in the diet, seems to be a risk factor for impairing the udder health of primiparous cows. Mismatching dietary energy and protein supply of multiparous cows contributed to reduced herd fertility performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Penagos-Tabares
- Unit Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - R Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Faas
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln a.d., 3430 Donau, Austria
| | - F Steininger
- ZuchtData EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - F Papst
- Institute of Technical Informatics, TU Graz/CSH Vienna, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Egger-Danner
- ZuchtData EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q Zebeli
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Cai J, Yuan X, Sun Y, Chen J, Li P, Yang S, Long M. Bacillus velezensis A2 Can Protect against Damage to IPEC-J2 Cells Induced by Zearalenone via the Wnt/FRZB/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:44. [PMID: 38251260 PMCID: PMC10818814 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) has adverse effects on human and animal health, and finding effective strategies to combat its toxicity is essential. The probiotic Bacillus velezensis A2 shows various beneficial physiological functions, including the potential to combat fungal toxins. However, the detailed mechanism by which the Bacillus velezensis A2 strain achieves this protective effect is not yet fully revealed. This experiment was based on transcriptome data to study the protective mechanism of Bacillus velezensis A2 against ZEA-induced damage to IPEC-J2 cells. The experiment was divided into CON, A2, ZEA, and A2+ZEA groups. This research used an oxidation kit to measure oxidative damage indicators, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method to detect cell apoptosis, flow cytometry to determine the cell cycle, and transcriptome sequencing to screen and identify differentially expressed genes. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were adopted to screen out relevant signaling pathways. Finally, to determine whether A2 can alleviate the damage caused by ZEA to cells, the genes and proteins involved in inflammation, cell apoptosis, cell cycles, and related pathways were validated using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods. Compared with the CON group, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ZEA group increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Compared with the ZEA group, the A2+ZEA group showed a significant decrease in ROS and MDA levels (p < 0.01), while the levels of T-SOD, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT increased significantly (p < 0.01). TUNEL and cell cycle results indicated that compared with the ZEA group, the A2+ZEA group demonstrated a significant decrease in the cell apoptosis rate (p < 0.01), and the cell cycle was restored. Combining transcriptome data, qRT-PCR, and Western blot, the results showed that compared with the CON group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt10 and β-catenin increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the expression level of FRZB decreased significantly (p < 0.01); compared with the ZEA group, the expression levels of these mRNA and proteins were reversed. Bacillus velezensis A2 can increase the antioxidant level, reduce inflammatory damage, decrease cell apoptosis, and correct the cell cycle when that damage is being caused by ZEA. The protective mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Wnt/FRZB cell/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (Y.S.); (J.C.); (P.L.); (S.Y.)
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11
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Sun H, Chen J, Xiong D, Long M. Detoxification of Selenium Yeast on Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5441-5454. [PMID: 36662349 PMCID: PMC9854417 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific fungi. More than 400 different mycotoxins are known in the world, and the concentration of these toxins in food and feed often exceeds the acceptable limit, thus causing serious harm to animals and human body. At the same time, modern industrial agriculture will also bring a lot of environmental pollution in the development process, including the increase of heavy metal content, and often the clinical symptoms of low/medium level chronic heavy metal poisoning are not obvious, thus delaying the best treatment opportunity. However, the traditional ways of detoxification cannot completely eliminate the adverse effects of these toxins on the body, and sometimes bring some side effects, so it is essential to find a new type of safe antidote. Trace element selenium is among the essential mineral nutrient elements of human and animal bodies, which can effectively remove excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen species in the body, and has the effects of antioxidant, resisting stress, and improving body immunity. Selenium is common in nature in inorganic selenium and organic selenium. In previous studies, it was found that the use of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) can play a certain protective role against mycotoxins and heavy metal poisoning. However, while it plays the role of antioxidant, it will also have adverse effects on the body. Therefore, it was found in the latest study that selenium yeast could not only replace the protective effect of sodium selenite on mycotoxins and heavy metal poisoning, but also improve the immunity of the body. Selenium yeast is an organic selenium source with high activity and low toxicity, which is produced by selenium relying on the cell protein structure of growing yeast. It not only has high absorption rate, but also can be stored in the body after meeting the physiological needs of the body for selenium, so as to avoid selenium deficiency again in the short term. However, few of these studies can clearly reveal the protective mechanism of yeast selenium. In this paper, the detoxification mechanism of selenium yeast on mycotoxins and heavy metal poisoning was reviewed, which provided some theoretical support for further understanding of the biological function of selenium yeast and its replacement for inorganic selenium. The conclusions suggest that selenium yeast can effectively alleviate the oxidative damage by regulating different signaling pathways, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reversing the content of inflammatory factors, regulating the protein expression of apoptosis-related genes, and reducing the accumulation of mycotoxins and heavy metals in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Liu L, Ma J, Wei Z, Yang Y, Liu Z, Li D, Yu X, Fan Y, Wang F, Wan Y. chi-miR-130b-3p regulates the ZEA-induced oxidative stress damage through the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway by targeting SESN2 in goat GCs. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23212. [PMID: 37773760 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300822r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
As a dominant mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEA) has attracted extensive attention due to its estrogen-like effect and oxidative stress damage in cells. In order to find a way to relieve cell oxidative stress damage caused by ZEA, we treated goat granulosa cells (GCs) with ZEA and did a whole transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the expression level of Sesterin2 (SESN2) was promoted extremely significantly in the ZEA group (p < .01). In addition, our research demonstrated that SESN2 could regulate oxidative stress level in GCs through Recombinant Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. The overexpression of SESN2 could reduce the oxidative damage, whereas knockdown of SESN2 would aggravate the oxidative damage caused by ZEA. What's more, microRNA (miRNA) chi-miR-130b-3p can bind to SESN2 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) to regulate the expression of SESN2. The mimics/inhibition of chi-miR-130b-3p would have an effect on oxidative damage triggered by ZEA in GCs as well. In summary, these results elucidate a new pathway by which chi-miR-130b-3p affects the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway in GCs by modulating SESN2 expression in response to ZEA-induced oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Ma
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Wei
- Taicang Agricultural and Rural Science & Technology Service Center, and Enterprise Graduate Workstation, Taicang, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zifei Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Wan
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Fan Y, Shen J, Liu X, Cui J, Liu J, Peng D, Jin Y. β-Sitosterol Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Lipogenesis Disorder in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14644. [PMID: 37834091 PMCID: PMC10572156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol, a natural plant steroid, has been shown to promote anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the body. In this study, β-sitosterol was used to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells, which are commonly studied as a cell model of mammary inflammatory response and lipogenesis. Results showed that treatment with a combination of LPS and β-sitosterol significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, while increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and activating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis and improve lipid synthesis-related gene expression. Our finding suggests that β-sitosterol has the potential to alleviate inflammation in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongqiao Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in Northeastern Frigid Area, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in Northeastern Frigid Area, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
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