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Tati V, Muthukumar V S, Shukla S. Mesenchymal vs. Epithelial Extracellular Vesicles in Corneal Epithelial Repair, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulation: an in vitro study. Exp Eye Res 2024:110027. [PMID: 39127238 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Corneal injuries often lead to epithelial damage, apoptosis, and inflammation which impact visual function. Effective epithelial healing is critical for optimal vision and functioning of the cornea. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) present promising avenues for cell-free therapy, however, evaluation of their specific roles in corneal epithelial injury requires further investigations with due consideration to the endogenous corneal epithelial cell-derived EVs. This study aims to isolate and characterize the EVs from a commonly available human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-2 [50.B1], ATCC) and evaluate their corneal epithelial repair, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory potential in comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (BM-MSC-EVs) in vitro. Both the BM-MSC- and HCEC-EVs exhibited similar morphology with a diameter <150 nm. However, the yield of EVs from HCECs was higher than from BM-MSCs. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed an average EV size of ∼120 nm, while western blotting confirmed the presence of CD63, CD81 and TSG101, whereas Calnexin could not be detected in both the BM-MSC- and HCEC-EVs. The corneal epithelial repair was monitored through in vitro wound healing assay, whereas apoptosis was studied through flow cytometry based Propidium iodide staining in H2O2-treated cells. IL-1β-stimulated HCECs were treated with BM-MSC- and HCEC-EVs for 24 hours and expression of pro- (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines was evaluated through ELISA. Our results, limited to in vitro investigations, suggest that compared with HCEC-EVs, BM-MSC-EVs showed: i) accelerated corneal epithelial healing, ii) enhanced anti-apoptotic potential, and iii) improved anti-inflammatory properties, in cultured HCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Tati
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Sai Muthukumar V
- Electron Microscopy laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Sri Sathya Sai District, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Shukla
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Sudhakar and Sreekanth Ravi Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Arora S, Verma N. Exosomal microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in corneal diseases. Mol Vis 2024; 30:92-106. [PMID: 38601014 PMCID: PMC11006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicle (EV) that are released and found in almost all body fluids. Exosomes consist of and carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including genetic information in the form of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA, a type of small non-coding RNA, plays a key role in regulating genes by suppressing their translation. miRNAs are often disrupted in the pathophysiology of different conditions, including eye disease. The stability and easy detectability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids make them promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of different diseases. Additionally, due to the natural delivery capabilities of exosomes, they can be modified to transport therapeutic miRNAs to specific recipient cells. Most exosome research has primarily focused on cancer, so there is limited research highlighting the importance of exosomes in ocular biology, particularly in cornea-associated pathologies. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding the primary functions of exosomal miRNAs and their potential role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arora
- Pharma Services Group, Patheon/Thermo Fisher Scientific, Florence, SC
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Mäkinen P, Nättinen J, Aapola U, Pietilä J, Uusitalo H. Comparison of early changes in tear film protein profiles after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond LASIK (FS-LASIK) surgery. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38368345 PMCID: PMC10874072 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are widely used surgical methods to correct myopia with comparable efficacy, predictability, and safety. We examined and compared the early changes of tear protein profiles after SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery in order to find possible differences in the initial corneal healing process. METHODS SMILE operations for 26 eyes were made with Visumax femtosecond laser. In FS-LASIK surgery for 30 eyes, the flaps were made with Ziemer FEMTO LDV Z6 femtosecond laser and stromal ablation with Wavelight EX500 excimer laser. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1.5 h and 1 month postoperatively using glass microcapillary tubes. Tear protein identification and quantification were performed with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). RESULTS Immediately (1.5 h) after we found differences in 89 proteins after SMILE and in 123 after FS-LASIK operation compared to preoperative protein levels. Of these differentially expressed proteins, 48 proteins were common for both surgery types. There were, however, quantitative differences between SMILE and FS-LASIK. Upregulated proteins were mostly connected to inflammatory response and migration of the cells connected to immune system. One month after the operation protein expressions levels were returned to baseline levels with both surgical methods. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that immediate changes in protein profiles after SMILE and FS-LASIK surgeries and differences between the methods are connected to inflammatory process, and the protein levels quickly return to the baseline within 1 month. The differences in protein profiles between the methods are probably associated with the different size of the epithelial wound induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Mäkinen
- SILK, Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, Hämeenkatu 6, Tampere, 33100, Finland.
| | - Janika Nättinen
- SILK, Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- SILK, Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Pietilä
- SILK, Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Silmäasema Eye Hospital, Hämeenkatu 6, Tampere, 33100, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- SILK, Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- TAUH Eye Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Volatier T, Cursiefen C, Notara M. Current Advances in Corneal Stromal Stem Cell Biology and Therapeutic Applications. Cells 2024; 13:163. [PMID: 38247854 PMCID: PMC10814767 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal stromal stem cells (CSSCs) are of particular interest in regenerative ophthalmology, offering a new therapeutic target for corneal injuries and diseases. This review provides a comprehensive examination of CSSCs, exploring their anatomy, functions, and role in maintaining corneal integrity. Molecular markers, wound healing mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications are discussed. Global corneal blindness, especially in more resource-limited regions, underscores the need for innovative solutions. Challenges posed by corneal defects, emphasizing the urgent need for advanced therapeutic interventions, are discussed. The review places a spotlight on exosome therapy as a potential therapy. CSSC-derived exosomes exhibit significant potential for modulating inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and addressing corneal transparency. Additionally, the rejuvenation potential of CSSCs through epigenetic reprogramming adds to the evolving regenerative landscape. The imperative for clinical trials and human studies to seamlessly integrate these strategies into practice is emphasized. This points towards a future where CSSC-based therapies, particularly leveraging exosomes, play a central role in diversifying ophthalmic regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Verma N, Khare D, Poe AJ, Amador C, Ghiam S, Fealy A, Ebrahimi S, Shadrokh O, Song XY, Santiskulvong C, Mastali M, Parker S, Stotland A, Van Eyk JE, Ljubimov AV, Saghizadeh M. MicroRNA and Protein Cargos of Human Limbal Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Regulatory Roles in Limbal Stromal Cells of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Corneas. Cells 2023; 12:2524. [PMID: 37947602 PMCID: PMC10649916 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and stromal/mesenchymal limbal stem cells contribute to corneal homeostasis and cell renewal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (Exos), can be paracrine mediators of intercellular communication. Previously, we described cargos and regulatory roles of limbal stromal cell (LSC)-derived Exos in non-diabetic (N) and diabetic (DM) limbal epithelial cells (LECs). Presently, we quantify the miRNA and proteome profiles of human LEC-derived Exos and their regulatory roles in N- and DM-LSC. We revealed some miRNA and protein differences in DM vs. N-LEC-derived Exos' cargos, including proteins involved in Exo biogenesis and packaging that may affect Exo production and ultimately cellular crosstalk and corneal function. Treatment by N-Exos, but not by DM-Exos, enhanced wound healing in cultured N-LSCs and increased proliferation rates in N and DM LSCs vs. corresponding untreated (control) cells. N-Exos-treated LSCs reduced the keratocyte markers ALDH3A1 and lumican and increased the MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 vs. control LSCs. These being opposite to the changes quantified in wounded LSCs. Overall, N-LEC Exos have a more pronounced effect on LSC wound healing, proliferation, and stem cell marker expression than DM-LEC Exos. This suggests that regulatory miRNA and protein cargo differences in DM- vs. N-LEC-derived Exos could contribute to the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Verma
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Drirh Khare
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adam J. Poe
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Cynthia Amador
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Sackler School of Medicine, New York State/American Program of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Andrew Fealy
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shaghaiegh Ebrahimi
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Odelia Shadrokh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xue-Ying Song
- Genomics Core, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (X.-Y.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chintda Santiskulvong
- Genomics Core, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (X.-Y.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mitra Mastali
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Sarah Parker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.M.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (J.E.V.E.)
| | - Alexander V. Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP-A8104, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.V.); (D.K.); (C.A.); (A.F.); (S.E.); (O.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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García-Posadas L, Romero-Castillo I, Brennan K, Mc Gee MM, Blanco-Fernández A, Diebold Y. Isolation and Characterization of Human Conjunctival Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:38. [PMID: 37747402 PMCID: PMC10528583 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to isolate and culture human conjunctival mesenchymal stromal cells (Conj-MSCs) from cadaveric donor tissue, and to obtain and characterize their extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their effect on conjunctival epithelium. Methods Stromal cells isolated from cadaveric donor conjunctival tissues were cultured and analyzed to determine whether they could be defined as MSCs. Expression of MSC markers was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cells were cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrocyte differentiation media, and stained with Oil Red, Von Kossa, and Toluidine Blue, respectively, to determine multipotent capacity. EVs were isolated from cultured Conj-MSCs by differential ultracentrifugation. EV morphology was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, size distribution analyzed by dynamic light scattering, and EVs were individually characterized by nanoflow cytometry. The effect of EVs on oxidative stress and viability was analyzed in in vitro models using the conjunctival epithelial cell line IM-HConEpiC. Results Cultured stromal cells fulfilled the criteria of MSCs: adherence to plastic; expression of CD90 (99.95 ± 0.03% positive cells), CD105 (99.04 ± 1.43%), CD73 (99.99 ± 0.19%), CD44 (99.93 ± 0.05%), and absence of CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45 and HLA-DR (0.82 ± 0.91%); and in vitro differentiation into different lineages. Main Conj-MSC EV subpopulations were round, small EVs that expressed CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD147. Conj-MSC EVs significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species in IM-HConEpiCs exposed to H2O2 in similar levels than adipose tissue-MSC-derived EVs and ascorbic acid, used as controls. Conclusions It is possible to isolate human Conj-MSCs from cadaveric tissue, and to use these cells as a source of small EVs with antioxidant activity on conjunctival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ismael Romero-Castillo
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Kieran Brennan
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Margaret M. Mc Gee
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco-Fernández
- Flow Cytometry Core Technology, Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Ocular Surface Group, Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Shekari F, Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Mirzaei M, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Graham SL, Salekdeh GH. Extracellular Vesicles as reconfigurable therapeutics for eye diseases: Promises and hurdles. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 225:102437. [PMID: 36931589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide suffer from visual impairment. However, most available therapies rely on impeding the development of a particular eye disorder. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for effective alternative treatments, specifically regenerative therapies. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, ectosomes, or microvesicles, are released by cells and play a potential role in regeneration. Following an introduction to EV biogenesis and isolation methods, this integrative review provides an overview of our current knowledge about EVs as a communication paradigm in the eye. Then, we focused on the therapeutic applications of EVs derived from conditioned medium, biological fluid, or tissue and highlighted some recent developments in strategies to boost the innate therapeutic potential of EVs by loading various kinds of drugs or being engineered at the level of producing cells or EVs. Challenges faced in the development of safe and effective translation of EV-based therapy into clinical settings for eye diseases are also discussed to pave the road toward reaching feasible regenerative therapies required for eye-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Zhou Q, Yang L, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei C, Xie L. Mechanistic investigations of diabetic ocular surface diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1079541. [PMID: 36589805 PMCID: PMC9800783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may seriously affect the quality of life and even vision sight. The major diabetic ocular surface diseases include diabetic keratopathy and dry eye. Diabetic keratopathy is characterized with the delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, reduced corneal nerve density, decreased corneal sensation and feeling of burning or dryness. Diabetic dry eye is manifested as the reduction of tear secretion accompanied with the ocular discomfort. The early clinical symptoms include dry eye and corneal nerve degeneration, suggesting the early diagnosis should be focused on the examination of confocal microscopy and dry eye symptoms. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired neurotrophic innervations and limbal stem cell function, and dysregulated growth factor signaling, and inflammation alterations. Diabetic dry eye may be associated with the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of lacrimal gland caused by the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Considering the important roles of the dense innervations in the homeostatic maintenance of cornea and lacrimal gland, further studies on the neuroepithelial and neuroimmune interactions will reveal the predominant pathogenic mechanisms and develop the targeting intervention strategies of diabetic ocular surface complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Xie,
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