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Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Psallida S, Vythoulkas-Biotis N, Adamou A, Zachariadou T, Kargioti S, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. NAFLD/MASLD and the Gut-Liver Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Options. Metabolites 2024; 14:366. [PMID: 39057689 PMCID: PMC11278747 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an emerging threat topublic health. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is reported to be the most rapidly rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in the western world. Recently, a new term has been proposed: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The introduction of this new terminology has sparked a debate about the interchangeability of these terms. The pathogenesis of NAFLD/MASLD is thought to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, alterations in gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis have recently garnered significant attention. In this context, this review will further discuss the gut-liver axis, which refers to the bidirectional interaction between the human gut microbiota and the liver. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of probiotics, particularly next-generation probiotics and genetically engineered bacteria, will be explored. Moreover, the role of prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and phages as well as fecal microbiota transplantation will be analyzed. Particularly for lean patients with NAFLD/MASLD, who have limited treatment options, approaches that modify the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota may hold promise. However, due to ongoing safety concerns with approaches that modulate gut microbiota, further large-scale studies are necessary to better assess their efficacy and safety in treating NAFLD/MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1 Str., 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, 114 Vassilissis Sofias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Department of Microbiology, “KAT” General Hospital of Attica, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Vythoulkas-Biotis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1 Str., 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Adamou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1 Str., 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Tatiana Zachariadou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1 Str., 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kargioti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Sismanogliou 1 Str., 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str., 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Makioka-Itaya Y, Inoue R, Tsukahara T. Dysfunction of the Murine Liver with Aging and Its Improvement with the Continuous Consumption of Enterococcus faecalis EC-12. Nutrients 2024; 16:2031. [PMID: 38999780 PMCID: PMC11243158 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is involved in the development of age-related diseases. Given its persistence, controlling chronic inflammation is essential for preventing age-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 (EC-12), which has immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects, on liver gene expression and aging phenomena in mice. Short-term EC-12 administration stimulated the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism in the liver. Furthermore, long-term EC-12 administration from 10 weeks to 1.5 years of age resulted in significant increases in blood interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations (both p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 concentration (p < 0.05). These results indicated pathologic improvement, such as suppression of fat degeneration in the liver. These results suggest that continuous EC-12 intake from a young age can suppress liver function abnormalities, which is one of the aging phenomena in old age, and contribute to health in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata 573-0101, Japan;
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Nováková M, Vyletelová V, Hlubinová B, Kiňová Sepová H, Pašková Ľ. Impact of culture medium on the interpretation of qRT-PCR data in HepG2 incubated with lactobacilli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae050. [PMID: 38806242 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the mechanism of action of lactobacilli in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Using four computational tools (NormFinder, geNorm, Delta Ct, and BestKeeper), six potential reference genes (RGs) were analyzed in the human liver cell line HepG2 cultivated 24 h in the presence of two strains of heat-killed lactobacilli, Limosilactobacillus reuteri E and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KG4, respectively, in different cultivation media [Dulbecco´s Modified Eagle´s Medium (DMEM) high glucose or Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)]. The analysis revealed that the suitability of RG was similar between the two lactobacilli but quite different between the two media. The commonly used RGs, 18S rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were the most unstable in DMEM high glucose. Normalization of the mRNA expression of the target gene encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) to different RGs resulted in different expression profiles. This demonstrates that validation of candidate RGs under specific experimental conditions is crucial for the correct interpretation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction data. In addition, the choice of media has a profound impact on the effect of lactobacilli on lipogenesis at the gene expression level, as shown by the transcription factor SREBP-1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Nováková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vyletelová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Hlubinová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Kiňová Sepová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ren C, Hong B, Zhang S, Yuan D, Feng J, Shan S, Zhang J, Guan L, Zhu L, Lu S. Autoclaving-treated germinated brown rice relieves hyperlipidemia by modulating gut microbiota in humans. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1403200. [PMID: 38826585 PMCID: PMC11140153 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1403200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germinated brown rice is a functional food with a promising potential for alleviating metabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the hypolipidemic effects of autoclaving-treated germinated brown rice (AGBR) and the underlying mechanisms involving gut microbiota. Methods Dietary intervention with AGBR or polished rice (PR) was implemented in patients with hyperlipidemia for 3 months, and blood lipids were analyzed. Nutritional characteristics of AGBR and PR were measured and compared. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to reveal the differences in gut microbiota between the AGBR and PR groups. Results AGBR relieves hyperlipidemia in patients, as evidenced by reduced levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B, and elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-A1. In terms of nutrition, AGBR had significantly higher concentrations of free amino acids (10/16 species), γ-aminobutyric acid, resistant starch, soluble dietary fiber, and flavonoids (11/13 species) than PR. In addition, higher microbial abundance, diversity, and uniformity were observed in the AGBR group than in the PR group. At the phylum level, AGBR reduced Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota, and elevated Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota. At the genus level, AGBR elevated Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium, and reduced Escherichia-Shigella, Blautia, Romboutsia, and Turicibacter. Discussion AGBR contributes to the remission of hyperlipidemia by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Ren
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Engineering Research Center of Whole Grain Nutritious Food, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Hong
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Di Yuan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junran Feng
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Yang Y, Sun M, Yan S, Yao N, Li X, Wu C, Wu Z, Wang F, Cui W, Li B. LINC317.5 as a novel biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia in normal glucose metabolism. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:194. [PMID: 38670967 PMCID: PMC11053116 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710115, P. R. China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
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Hao P, Yang X, Yin W, Wang X, Ling Y, Zhu M, Yu Y, Chen S, Yuan Y, Quan X, Xu Z, Zhang J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Song C, Xu Q, Qin S, Wu Y, Shu X, Wei K. A study on the treatment effects of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide on non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1383801. [PMID: 38601914 PMCID: PMC11006196 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1383801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide (CPP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. The findings demonstrated that CPP improved free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and effectively reduced liver steatosis and epididymal fat weight in NAFLD mice, as well as decreased serum levels of TG, TC, AST, ALT, and LDL-C. Furthermore, CPP exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes FASN and ACC while activating the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes CPT1A and PPARα. Additionally, CPP reversed disturbances in intestinal microbiota composition caused by HFD consumption. CPP decreased the firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased Akkermansia abundance, and elevated levels of total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content specifically butyric acid and acetic acid. Our results concluded that CPP may intervene in the development of NAFLD by regulating of intes-tinal microbiota imbalance and SCFAs production. Our study highlights that CPP has a potential to modulate lipid-related pathways via alterations to gut microbiome composition thereby ex-erting inhibitory effects on obesity and NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- College of Medicine (Institute of Translational Medicine), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlian Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuangshuang Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianghua Shu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production and Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice and Comprehensive Development for Cantonese Medicinal Materials, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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7
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Kopczyńska J, Kowalczyk M. The potential of short-chain fatty acid epigenetic regulation in chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380476. [PMID: 38605957 PMCID: PMC11008232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, often occurring together, significantly contribute to severe metabolic and inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. A key player is elevated levels of gut dysbiosis-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which disrupts metabolic and immune signaling leading to metabolic endotoxemia, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) beneficially regulate these processes during homeostasis. SCFAs not only safeguard the gut barrier but also exert metabolic and immunomodulatory effects via G protein-coupled receptor binding and epigenetic regulation. SCFAs are emerging as potential agents to counteract dysbiosis-induced epigenetic changes, specifically targeting metabolic and inflammatory genes through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). To assess whether SCFAs can effectively interrupt the detrimental cascade of obesity and inflammation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for their clinical application. The review emphasizes factors influencing SCFA production, the intricate connections between metabolism, the immune system, and the gut microbiome, and the epigenetic mechanisms regulated by SCFAs that impact metabolism and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Kwon JE, Hong W, Jeon H, Kim CS, Kim H, Kang SC. Suppression of P2X4 and P2X7 by Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1: effects on hangover symptoms. AMB Express 2024; 14:30. [PMID: 38491208 PMCID: PMC10942966 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify substances including Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1 (KACC 92054P) that alleviate hangover-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The association between emotional anxiety caused by hangover and the genes P2X4, P2X7, SLC6A4 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted to assess the influence of free-panica on alcohol-induced upregulated gene expression. Additionally, the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood was measured. Free-panica, consisting of five natural products (Phyllanthus amarus, Phoenix dactylifera, Vitis vinifera, Zingiber officinale, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus), were evaluated for their regulatory effects on genes involved in alcohol-induced emotional anxiety and liver damage. The combination of these natural products in free-panica successfully restored emotional anxiety, and the concentration of AST, ALT, alcohol, and acetaldehyde in blood to those of the normal control group. These findings support the potential development of free-panica as a health functional food or medicinal intervention for relieving hangover symptoms and protecting liver from alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Hong
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Mbiometherapeutics Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Soon Kim
- Genencell Co., Ltd. Yongin, Gyeonggi, 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Lu X, Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. NAD metabolic therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Possible roles of gut microbiota. iScience 2024; 27:109174. [PMID: 38405608 PMCID: PMC10884928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is induced by alterations of hepatic metabolism. As a critical metabolites function regulator, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) nowadays has been validated to be effective in the treatment of diet-induced murine model of MASLD. Additionally, gut microbiota has been reported to have the potential to prevent MASLD by dietary NAD precursors metabolizing together with mammals. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that NAD enhancing mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature, and improve MASLD progression demonstrated by fecal microbiota transplantation. Here, this review especially focused on the mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis together with NAD metabolism for the MASLD progress. Notably, we found significant changes in Prevotella associated with NAD in a gut microbiome signature of certain MASLD patients. With the recent researches, we also inferred that Prevotella can not only regulate the level of NAD pool by boosting the carbon metabolism, but also play a vital part in regulating the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related fatty acid metabolism pathway. Altogether, our results support the notion that the gut microbiota contribute to the dietary NAD precursors metabolism in MASLD development and the dietary NAD precursors together with certain gut microbiota may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
- Department of Laboratory, Haidong Second People’s Hospital, Haidong 810699, China
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10
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Yang Q, Deng L, Feng C, Wen J. Comparing the effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide on lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in diabetic mice. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17055. [PMID: 38500527 PMCID: PMC10946396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Recent studies have shown that the imbalance of intestinal flora is related to the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and can affect lipid metabolism. Sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist are commonly used hypoglycemic drugs and have excellent renal safety. The purpose of this study was to compare the protective effects of empagliflozin and liraglutide on kidneys, lipid metabolism, and intestinal microbiota in diabetic mice. Methods We established a mouse model of type two diabetes by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The mice were randomly divided into groups: normal control (NC), diabetic model (DM), liraglutide treatment (LirT), empagliflozin treatment (EmpT), and liraglutide combined with empagliflozin treatment (Emp&LirT) groups. Blood glucose, lipids, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as urinary nitrogen and albumin levels were measured. The renal tissues were subjected to HE, PAS and Masson's staining. These parameters were used to evaluate renal function and histopathological changes in mice. Mice feces were also collected for 16sRNA sequencing to analyze the composition of the intestinal flora. Results All the indexes related to renal function were significantly improved after treatment with drugs. With respect to lipid metabolism, both drugs significantly decreased the serum triglyceride levels in diabetic mice, but the effect of liraglutide on reducing serum cholesterol was better than that of empagliflozin. However, empagliflozin had a better effect on the reduction of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The two drugs had different effects on intestinal flora. At the phylum level, empagliflozin significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota, but no effect was seen with liraglutide. At the genus level, both of them decreased the number of Helicobacter and increased the number of Lactobacillus. Empagliflozin also significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Muribaculum, Olsenella, and Odoribacter, while liraglutide significantly increased that of Ruminococcus. Conclusion Liraglutide and empagliflozin were both able to improve diabetes-related renal injury. However, the ability of empagliflozin to reduce LDL was better compared to liraglutide. In addition, their effects on the intestine bacterial flora were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Changmei Feng
- Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
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11
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Yang M, Massad K, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G. Gut microbiota and metabolite interface-mediated hepatic inflammation. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00037. [PMID: 38283696 PMCID: PMC10810350 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immunologic and metabolic signals regulated by gut microbiota and relevant metabolites mediate bidirectional interaction between the gut and liver. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, due to diet, lifestyle, bile acids, and genetic and environmental factors, can advance the progression of chronic liver disease. Commensal gut bacteria have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on their species and relative abundance in the intestine. Components and metabolites derived from gut microbiota-diet interaction can regulate hepatic innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as liver parenchymal cells, significantly impacting liver inflammation. In this mini review, recent findings of specific bacterial species and metabolites with functions in regulating liver inflammation are first reviewed. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors, hormones, and genetics that shape the profile of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites and components with the function of priming or dampening liver inflammation are discussed. Finally, current clinical trials evaluating the factors that manipulate gut microbiota to treat liver inflammation and chronic liver disease are reviewed. Overall, the discussion of microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to liver inflammation will help direct our future studies on liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katina Massad
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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Jayachandran M, Qu S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and gut microbial dysbiosis- underlying mechanisms and gut microbiota mediated treatment strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1189-1204. [PMID: 37840104 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is by far the most prevalent form of liver disease worldwide. It's also the leading cause of liver-related hospitalizations and deaths. Furthermore, there is a link between obesity and NAFLD risk. A projected 25% of the world's population grieves from NAFLD, making it the most common chronic liver disorder. Several factors, such as obesity, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, typically accompany NAFLD. Weight loss, lipid-lowering agents, thiazolidinediones, and metformin help prominently control NAFLD. Interestingly, pre-clinical studies demonstrate gut microbiota's potential causal role in NAFLD. Increased intestinal permeability and unhindered transport of microbial metabolites into the liver are the major disruptions due to gut microbiome dysbiosis, contributing to the development of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. Hence, altering the pathogenic bacterial population using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could benefit patients with NAFLD. Therefore, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of microbiota-mediated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD and comprehend the underlying mechanisms that establish a connection between NAFLD and gut microbiota. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the affiliation between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the progress of NAFLD, as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic supplementation, and FMT in obese individuals with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai center of Thyroid diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Mijangos-Trejo A, Nuño-Lambarri N, Barbero-Becerra V, Uribe-Esquivel M, Vidal-Cevallos P, Chávez-Tapia N. Prebiotics and Probiotics: Therapeutic Tools for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14918. [PMID: 37834367 PMCID: PMC10573697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut-liver axis and changes in the gut microbiome are among the risk factors for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These patients show increased bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine and impaired intestinal permeability. Therefore, therapeutic options such as probiotics or prebiotics have been investigated to modulate intestinal microbiota composition to improve NAFLD. Most in vivo and in vitro probiotic studies have focused on reducing hepatic fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of probiotics on NAFLD have been demonstrated in animal models, and the most widely used microorganisms are those of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. In animal models, probiotics help restore the intestinal microbiota and improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This narrative review summarizes published evidence and the likely benefits of probiotics and prebiotics as a therapeutic option for patients with NAFLD.
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Chen CY, Ho HC. Roles of gut microbes in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:279-289. [PMID: 38035063 PMCID: PMC10683521 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Gut dysbiosis is considered a significant contributing factor in disease development. Increased intestinal permeability can be induced by gut dysbiosis, followed by the entry of lipopolysaccharide into circulation to reach peripheral tissue and result in chronic inflammation. We reviewed how microbial metabolites push host physiology toward MAFLD, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. The effects of SCFAs are generally reported as anti-inflammatory and can improve intestinal barrier function and restore gut microbiota. Gut microbes can influence intestinal barrier function through SCFAs produced by fermentative bacteria, especially butyrate and propionate producers. This is achieved through the activation of free fatty acid sensing receptors. Bile is directly involved in lipid absorption. Gut microbes can alter bile acid composition by bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria and bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-producing bacteria. These bile acids can affect host physiology by activating farnesoid X receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Gut microbes can also induce MAFLD-associated symptoms by producing tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, serotonin, and indole-3-propionate. A summary of bacterial genera involved in SCFAs production, bile acid transformation, and tryptophan metabolism is provided. Many bacteria have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating MAFLD in animal models and are potential therapeutic candidates for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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15
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Kim H, Lee K, Kim JY, Shim JJ, Lim J, Kim JY, Lee JL. Lactobacillus helveticus Isolated from Raw Milk Improves Liver Function, Hepatic Steatosis, and Lipid Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2466. [PMID: 37894124 PMCID: PMC10609090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP158 (LP158), Lactobacillus helveticus HY7804 (HY7804), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC226 (LPC226) isolated from raw milk alleviate non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for their ability to inhibit fatty acid accumulation in palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cells, and three strains were selected based on the results. We also investigated hemolytic activity and antibiotic resistance of the three strains. LP158, HY7804, and LPC226 suppressed expression of mRNA encoding genes related to lipogenesis, and increased expression of genes related to β-oxidation, in a PA-induced HepG2 cell model. Moreover, when LP158, HY7804, and LPC226 were administered at 109 CFU/kg/day for 8 weeks to mice with dietary-induced NAFLD, they all modulated blood biochemistry markers and reduced steatosis in liver tissue. Also, all three strains significantly reduced expression of mRNA encoding lipogenesis genes (Fasn, Acaca, and Srebp-1c) and inflammatory factors (Tnfα and Ccl-2) and fibrosis factors, and increased expression of a β-oxidation gene (Acox1) in the liver. In particular, HY7804 showed the strongest effects both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, HY7804, LP158, and LPC226 can be proposed as potential supplements that can improve NAFLD through anti-steatosis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Kippeum Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joo-Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (K.L.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-J.S.)
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16
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Nam Y, Kim M, Erdenebileg S, Cha KH, Ryu DH, Kim HY, Lee SH, Jung JH, Nho CW. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Gut Microbiota in CDAHFD-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3779. [PMID: 37686810 PMCID: PMC10490207 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and encompasses non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO) roots have traditionally been used for their antioxidant properties and have beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. However, its effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of a 95% ethanolic SO extract (SOEE) on NAFLD and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. The SOEE was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined, high-fat diet for 10 weeks. The SOEE inhibited hepatic steatosis by modulating hepatic malondialdehyde levels and the expression of oxidative stress-associated genes, regulating fatty-acid-oxidation-related genes, and inhibiting the expression of genes that are responsible for fibrosis. The SOEE suppressed the deposition of extracellular matrix hydroxyproline and mRNA expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The SOEE decreased the expression of fibrosis-related genes in vitro by inhibiting SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the SOEE restored the gut microbial diversity and modulated specific bacterial genera associated with NAFLD and fibrosis. This study suggests that SOEE might be the potential candidate for inhibiting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by modulating oxidative stress, fatty acid oxidation, and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseong Nam
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Saruul Erdenebileg
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Ho Youn Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Su Hyeon Lee
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Pal SC, Córdova-Gallardo J. How far are we from an approved drug for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1021-1038. [PMID: 37092896 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2206953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) previously known but still debatable, as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease and subsequent cirrhosis worldwide, accounting for around 30% of liver diseases. The change in its nomenclature has been brought about by the novel discoveries regarding its pathogenesis, in which metabolic dysfunction plays the most important role. It is widely known that for every disease, the treatment should always be targeted toward the underlying etiology and pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED MAFLD/NAFLD pathogenesis is heterogeneous, and includes multiple gene polymorphisms, presence of insulin resistance, as well as concomitant diseases that contribute to the disease onset and progression. As a result of this, even though lifestyle modification (owing to metabolic abnormalities) is the first line of treatment, multiple drugs have been tested to target each of the known pathways leading to MAFLD/NAFLD and progression of steatohepatitis. We aim to review the most relevant information regarding previous and ongoing research and recommendations regarding treatment of MAFLD/NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION Combination therapies associated to weight loss and exercise will be the optimal approach for these patients. It is important to evaluate each patient to select the specific combination according to patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, 14050 Mexico, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shreya C Pal
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Hepatology, Service of Surgery, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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Abenavoli L, Scarlata GGM, Scarpellini E, Boccuto L, Spagnuolo R, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Luzza F. Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: From Fatty Liver to Dysmetabolic Syndrome. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030594. [PMID: 36984595 PMCID: PMC10054528 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the recent nomenclature designation that associates the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction. Its diagnosis has been debated in the recent period and is generally associated with a diagnosis of steatosis and at least one pathologic condition among overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysregulation. Its pathogenesis is defined by a “multiple-hit” model and is associated with alteration or dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The pathogenic role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been investigated in many diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD. However, only a few works correlate it with MAFLD, although common pathogenetic links to these diseases are suspected. This review underlines the most recurrent changes in the gut microbiota of patients with MAFLD, while also evidencing possible pathogenetic links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-369-4387
| | | | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Translationeel Onderzoek van Gastro-enterologische Aandoeningen (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Wan Y, Jin F, Shi X, Xing Z, Tian B, Li B. Assessing the in vivo ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 for induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1147423. [PMID: 37020807 PMCID: PMC10067668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1147423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reputed as a significant metabolic disorder, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by high-fat deposits in the liver and causes substantial economic challenges to any country's workforce. Previous studies have indicated that some lactic acid bacteria may effectively prevent or treat NAFLD. Overall, L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 protected against HFD-induced NAFLD by improving liver characteristics and modulating microbiota composition, and thus could be a candidate for improving NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced NAFLD. First, hepatic lipid profile and histological alterations were determined to study whether L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 could ameliorate NAFLD. Then, the intestinal permeability and gut barrier were explored. Finally, gut microbiota was analyzed to elucidate the mechanism from the insights of the gut-liver axis. The results showed that Lactobacillus KLDS1.0901 administration significantly decreased body weight, Lee's index body, fat rate, and liver index. L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration significantly improved lipid profiles by decreasing the hepatic levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and by increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. A conspicuous decrease of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum was observed after L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration. Meanwhile, the H&E and Oil Red O-stained staining showed that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 significantly reduced liver lipid accumulation of HFD-fed mice by decreasing the NAS score and lipid area per total area. Our results showed that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration decreased the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations accompanied by the increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10). L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration could improve the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the mRNA levels of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and Muc-2, which were coupled to the decreases of the concentration of LPS and D-lactic acid. Notably, L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 administration modulated the gut microbiota to a near-normal pattern. Hence, our results suggested that L. acidophilus KLDS1.0901 can be used as a candidate to ameliorate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zengbo Wang
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wan
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Furong Jin
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Shi
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhishuang Xing
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Tian
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tian
| | - Bailiang Li
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Bailiang Li
| |
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