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Schaack B, Mercier C, Katby M, Hannani D, Vollaire J, Robert JS, Caffaratti C, Blanquet F, Nicoud O, Josserand V, Laurin D. Rapid Biodistribution of Fluorescent Outer-Membrane Vesicles from the Intestine to Distant Organs via the Blood in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1821. [PMID: 38339099 PMCID: PMC10855177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A cell's ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) for communication is present in all three domains of life. Notably, Gram-negative bacteria produce a specific type of EVs called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed the presence of OMVs in human blood, which could represent a means of communication from the microbiota to the host. Here, in order to investigate the possible translocation of OMVs from the intestine to other organs, the mouse was used as an animal model after OMVs administration. To achieve this, we first optimized the signal of OMVs containing the fluorescent protein miRFP713 associated with the outer membrane anchoring peptide OmpA by adding biliverdin, a fluorescence cofactor, to the cultures. The miRFP713-expressing OMVs produced in E. coli REL606 strain were then characterized according to their diameter and protein composition. Native- and miRFP713-expressing OMVs were found to produce homogenous populations of vesicles. Finally, in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the distribution of miRFP713-OMVs in mice in various organs whether by intravenous injection or oral gavage. The relative stability of the fluorescence signals up to 3 days post-injection/gavage paves the way to future studies investigating the OMV-based communication established between the different microbiotas and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Schaack
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Maya Katby
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Dalil Hannani
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Julien Vollaire
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Julie Suzanne Robert
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Département Scientifique Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Clément Caffaratti
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Françoise Blanquet
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (B.S.); (C.M.); (M.K.); (D.H.); (C.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Olivier Nicoud
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
| | - David Laurin
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (O.N.); (V.J.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Département Scientifique Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
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Bleibel L, Dziomba S, Waleron KF, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS. Deciphering psychobiotics' mechanism of action: bacterial extracellular vesicles in the spotlight. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211447. [PMID: 37396391 PMCID: PMC10309211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intake of psychobiotic bacteria appears to be a promising adjunct to neuropsychiatric treatment, and their consumption may even be beneficial for healthy people in terms of mental functioning. The psychobiotics' mechanism of action is largely outlined by the gut-brain axis; however, it is not fully understood. Based on very recent studies, we provide compelling evidence to suggest a novel understanding of this mechanism: bacterial extracellular vesicles appear to mediate many known effects that psychobiotic bacteria exert on the brain. In this mini-review paper, we characterize the extracellular vesicles derived from psychobiotic bacteria to demonstrate that they can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate to the brain, and carry the intracellular content to exert beneficial multidirectional action. Specifically, by regulating epigenetic factors, extracellular vesicles from psychobiotics appear to enhance expression of neurotrophic molecules, improve serotonergic neurotransmission, and likely supply astrocytes with glycolytic enzymes to favor neuroprotective mechanisms. As a result, some data suggest an antidepressant action of extracellular vesicles that originate even from taxonomically remote psychobiotic bacteria. As such, these extracellular vesicles may be regarded as postbiotics of potentially therapeutic application. The mini-review is enriched with illustrations to better introduce the complex nature of brain signaling mediated by bacterial extracellular vesicles and indicates knowledge gaps that require scientific exploration before further progress is made. In conclusion, bacterial extracellular vesicles appear to represent the missing piece of the puzzle in the mechanism of action of psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Bleibel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Szymon Dziomba
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Silachev DN. Study of the Molecular Mechanisms of the Therapeutic Properties of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087093. [PMID: 37108256 PMCID: PMC10138466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological structures that are released by cells and have important roles in intercellular communication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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