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Leon RL, Bitar L, Sharma K, Mir IN, Chalak LF. Postnatal Cerebral Hemodynamics and Placental Vascular Malperfusion Lesions in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 156:72-78. [PMID: 38733857 PMCID: PMC11269165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) have smaller brain volume at birth. High rates of placental vascular malperfusion lesions may play a role in disrupted brain development. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of infants born between 2010 and 2019 who were diagnosed with a major cardiac defect requiring surgery in the first year of life. Doppler ultrasound RI of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery were calculated within the first 72 hours of life. Placentas were evaluated using a standardized approach. RESULTS Over the study period, there were 52 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), 22 with single-ventricle right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (SV-RVOTO), 75 with a two-ventricle cardiac defect (2V), and 25 with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). MCA Doppler RI were significantly higher for all subgroups of CHD compared with control subjects (0.68 ± 0.11 in control subjects compared with 0.78 ± 0.13 in HLHS, P = 0.03; 0.77 ± 0.10 in SV-RVOTO, P = 0.002; 0.78 ± 0.13 in 2V, P = 0.03; and 0.80 ± 0.14 in TGA; P = 0.001) with the highest average MCA RI in the TGA group. In subgroup analyses, placental fetal vascular malperfusion in the 2V group was associated with higher MCA RI, but this relationship was not present in other subgroups, nor in regards to maternal vascular malperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Major forms of CHD are associated with significantly higher cerebral artery RI postnatally, but placental vascular malperfusion lesions may not contribute to this hemodynamic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Leon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Lynn Bitar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Imran N Mir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lina F Chalak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Leon RL, Bitar L, Rajagopalan V, Spong CY. Interdependence of placenta and fetal cardiac development. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:846-855. [PMID: 38676696 PMCID: PMC11269166 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The placenta and fetal heart undergo development concurrently during early pregnancy, and, while human studies have reported associations between placental abnormalities and congenital heart disease (CHD), the nature of this relationship remains incompletely understood. Evidence from animal studies suggests a plausible cause and effect connection between placental abnormalities and fetal CHD. Biomechanical models demonstrate the influence of mechanical forces on cardiac development, whereas genetic models highlight the role of confined placental mutations that can cause some forms of CHD. Similar definitive studies in humans are lacking; however, placental pathologies such as maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion and chronic deciduitis are frequently observed in pregnancies complicated by CHD. Moreover, maternal conditions such as diabetes and pre-eclampsia, which affect placental function, are associated with increased risk of CHD in offspring. Bridging the gap between animal models and human studies is crucial to understanding how placental abnormalities may contribute to human fetal CHD. The next steps will require new methodologies and multidisciplinary approaches combining innovative imaging modalities, comprehensive genomic testing, and histopathology. These studies may eventually lead to preventative strategies for some forms of CHD by targeting placental influences on fetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Leon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lynn Bitar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Vidya Rajagopalan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine Y. Spong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Sánchez O, Ribera I, Ruiz A, Eixarch E, Antolín E, Cruz-Lemini M, Dominguez C, Arévalo S, Ferrer Q, Rodríguez-Sureda V, Crispi F, Llurba E. Angiogenic imbalance in maternal and cord blood is associated with neonatal birth weight and head circumference in pregnancies with major fetal congenital heart defect. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:214-221. [PMID: 37519145 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether abnormalities in neonatal head circumference and/or body weight are associated with levels of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in the maternal and cord blood of pregnancies with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and to assess whether the specific type of CHD influences this association. METHODS This was a multicenter case-control study of women carrying a fetus with major CHD. Recruitment was carried out between June 2010 and July 2018 at four tertiary care hospitals in Spain. Maternal venous blood was drawn at study inclusion and at delivery. Cord blood samples were obtained at birth when possible. Placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) were measured in maternal and cord blood. Biomarker concentrations in the maternal blood were expressed as multiples of the median (MoM). RESULTS PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng levels were measured in the maternal blood in 237 cases with CHD and 260 healthy controls, and in the cord blood in 150 cases and 56 controls. Compared with controls, median PlGF MoM in maternal blood was significantly lower in the CHD group (0.959 vs 1.022; P < 0.0001), while median sFlt-1/PlGF ratio MoM was significantly higher (1.032 vs 0.974; P = 0.0085) and no difference was observed in sEng MoM (0.981 vs 1.011; P = 0.4673). Levels of sFlt-1 and sEng were significantly higher in cord blood obtained from fetuses with CHD compared to controls (mean ± standard error of the mean, 447 ± 51 vs 264 ± 20 pg/mL; P = 0.0470 and 8.30 ± 0.92 vs 5.69 ± 0.34 ng/mL; P = 0.0430, respectively). Concentrations of sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the maternal blood at study inclusion were associated negatively with birth weight and head circumference in the CHD group. The type of CHD anomaly (valvular, conotruncal or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction) did not appear to alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancies with fetal CHD have an antiangiogenic profile in maternal and cord blood. This imbalance is adversely associated with neonatal head circumference and birth weight. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sánchez
- Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Ribera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Vic Hospitalary Consortium, Vic, Spain
| | - A Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitari Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - E Eixarch
- BCNatal, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fetal Medicine Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Antolín
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cruz-Lemini
- Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Dominguez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Arévalo
- Department of Obstetrics, Fetal Medicine Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Q Ferrer
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Rodríguez-Sureda
- BCNatal, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fetal Medicine Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crispi
- BCNatal, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fetal Medicine Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Llurba
- Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS-SAMID) (RD21/0012), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Panigrahy A, Blüml S, Rajagopalan V. Altered In Utero Metabolic Brain Trajectories in CHD: Going Beyond Fetal Brain Structure and Physiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1624-1627. [PMID: 37821173 PMCID: PMC11136159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Bioengineering, Bioinformatics and Developmental Biology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Stefan Blüml
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vidya Rajagopalan
- Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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