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Iram F, Shahid M, Ansari J, Ashraf GM, Hassan MI, Islam A. Navigating the Maze of Alzheimer's disease by exploring BACE1: Discovery, current scenario, and future prospects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102342. [PMID: 38762102 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological condition that has become a leading cause of cognitive decline in elder individuals. Hardly any effective medication has been developed to halt the progression of AD due to the disease's complexity. Several theories have been put forward to clarify the mechanisms underlying AD etiology. The identification of amyloid plaques as a hallmark of AD has sparked the development of numerous drugs targeting the players involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as the β-site of amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) blockers. Over the last ten years, preclinical and early experimental research has led several pharmaceutical companies to prioritize producing BACE1 inhibitors. Despite all these efforts, earlier discovered inhibitors were discontinued in consideration of another second-generation small molecules and recent BACE1 antagonists failed in the final stages of clinical trials because of the complications associated either with toxicity or effectiveness. In addition to discussing the difficulties associated with development of BACE1 inhibitors, this review aims to provide an overview of BACE1 and offer perspectives on the causes behind the failure of five recent BACE1 inhibitors, that would be beneficial for choosing effective treatment approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Iram
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Yang J, Wang Y, Xia Y, Ren Y, Wang Z, Meng X, Li S, Liu X, Shao J. PFOS Elicits Cytotoxicity in Neuron Through Astrocyte-Derived CaMKII-DLG1 Signaling In Vitro Rat Hippocampal Model. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1226-1238. [PMID: 38393622 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Both epidemiological investigation and animal experiments demonstrated that pre-/postnatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) could induce neurodevelopmental disorders. Previous studies showed that astrocyte was involved in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity, while little information is available. In the present study, the role of astrocyte-derived calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-phosphorylated discs large homolog 1 (DLG1) signaling in PFOS eliciting cytotoxicity in neuron was explored with primary cultured hippocampal astrocyte and neuron. The application of PFOS showed a decreased cell viability, synapse length and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) expression, but an increased CaMKII, DLG1 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) expression in primary cultured astrocyte. With 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-6-aminohexylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester-9-isopropylpurine (CK59), the CaMKII inhibitor, the disturbed cell viability and molecules induced by PFOS could be alleviated (CREB expression was excluded) in astrocytes. The cytotoxic effect of neuron exposed to astrocyte conditional medium collected from PFOS (PFOS-ACM) pretreated with CK59 was also decreased. These results indicated that PFOS mediated GLT-1 expression through astrocyte-derived CaMKII-DLG signaling, which might be associated with injuries on neurons. The present study gave an insight in further exploration of mechanism in PFOS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuyan Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yajie Ren
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Campos J, Gleitze S, Hidalgo C, Núñez MT. IP 3R-Mediated Calcium Release Promotes Ferroptotic Death in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:196. [PMID: 38397794 PMCID: PMC10886377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway that involves the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is experimentally caused by the inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT, which depletes cells of GSH, or by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), a key regulator of lipid peroxidation. The events that occur between GPx4 inhibition and the execution of ferroptotic cell death are currently a matter of active research. Previous work has shown that calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels contributes to ferroptosis-induced cell death in primary hippocampal neurons. Here, we used SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which do not express RyR channels, to test if calcium release mediated by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) channel plays a role in this process. We show that treatment with RAS Selective Lethal Compound 3 (RSL3), a GPx4 inhibitor, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium levels, increased lipid peroxidation, and caused cell death. The RSL3-induced calcium signals were inhibited by Xestospongin B, a specific inhibitor of the ER-resident IP3R calcium channel, by decreasing IP3R levels with carbachol and by IP3R1 knockdown, which also prevented the changes in cell morphology toward roundness induced by RSL3. Intracellular calcium chelation by incubation with BAPTA-AM inhibited RSL3-induced calcium signals, which were not affected by extracellular calcium depletion. We propose that GPx4 inhibition activates IP3R-mediated calcium release in SH-SY5Y cells, leading to increased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium levels, which, in turn, stimulate ROS production and induce lipid peroxidation and cell death in a noxious positive feedback cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Campos
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Silvia Gleitze
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (S.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (S.G.); (C.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Marco T. Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile
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Surguchov A, Emamzadeh FN, Titova M, Surguchev AA. Controversial Properties of Amyloidogenic Proteins and Peptides: New Data in the COVID Era. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1215. [PMID: 37189833 PMCID: PMC10136278 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, studies of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides (amyloidogenic PPs) have been focused basically on their harmful properties and association with diseases. A vast amount of research has investigated the structure of pathogenic amyloids forming fibrous deposits within or around cells and the mechanisms of their detrimental actions. Much less has been known about the physiologic functions and beneficial properties of amyloidogenic PPs. At the same time, amyloidogenic PPs have various useful properties. For example, they may render neurons resistant to viral infection and propagation and stimulate autophagy. We discuss here some of amyloidogenic PPs' detrimental and beneficial properties using as examples beta-amyloid (β-amyloid), implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and α-synuclein-one of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently amyloidogenic PPs' antiviral and antimicrobial properties have attracted attention because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing threat of other viral and bacterial-induced diseases. Importantly, several COVID-19 viral proteins, e.g., spike, nucleocapsid, and envelope proteins, may become amyloidogenic after infection and combine their harmful action with the effect of endogenous APPs. A central area of current investigations is the study of the structural properties of amyloidogenic PPs, defining their beneficial and harmful properties, and identifying triggers that transform physiologically important amyloidogenic PPs into vicious substances. These directions are of paramount importance during the current SARS-CoV-2 global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Fatemeh N. Emamzadeh
- Analytical Development Department, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mariya Titova
- The College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Kansas University, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Alexei A. Surguchev
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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