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Yan Z, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Xu J, Wang J, Wang Z. Enhancing cancer therapy: the integration of oncolytic virus therapy with diverse treatments. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38992667 PMCID: PMC11238399 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the significant challenges to human health, cancer has long been a focal point in medical treatment. With ongoing advancements in the field of medicine, numerous methodologies for cancer therapy have emerged, among which oncolytic virus therapy has gained considerable attention. However, oncolytic viruses still exhibit limitations. Combining them with various therapies can further enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment, offering renewed hope for patients. In recent research, scientists have recognized the promising prospect of amalgamating oncolytic virus therapy with diverse treatments, potentially surmounting the restrictions of singular approaches. The central concept of this combined therapy revolves around leveraging oncolytic virus to incite localized tumor inflammation, augmenting the immune response for immunotherapeutic efficacy. Through this approach, the patient's immune system can better recognize and eliminate cancer cells, simultaneously reducing tumor evasion mechanisms against the immune system. This review delves deeply into the latest research progress concerning the integration of oncolytic virus with diverse treatments and its role in various types of cancer therapy. We aim to analyze the mechanisms, advantages, potential challenges, and future research directions of this combination therapy. By extensively exploring this field, we aim to instill renewed hope in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengbo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghua Xu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhangquan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, 317200, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang X, Chen J, Sun J, Gao S, Zhao F, Qian N. Tumor reduction after SARS‑CoV‑2 infection in a patient with lung cancer: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:169. [PMID: 38455664 PMCID: PMC10918517 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on lung cancer has been extensively studied. Despite reports about SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing a significant increase in the number of medical visits for patients with cancer, the virus has also been reported to produce some unknown benefits. The present study reports the case of a patient with lung cancer whose tumor lesion was reduced in size after SARS-CoV-2 infection even though the therapeutic regimen remained unchanged. Although the mechanism involved is not yet understood, this case supports the novel idea of applying SARS-CoV-2 in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of College English, School of Languages and Communication Studies, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Oncology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Gao
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Niansong Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Isaguliants MG, Ivanov AV, Buonaguro FM. Chronic Viral Infections and Cancer, Openings for Therapies and Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:818. [PMID: 38398209 PMCID: PMC10886681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections are responsible for approximately one out of six cases of cancer worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Isaguliants
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Teixeira Ferreira R, Cardoso Ferreira I, Carmona S, Montalvão A, Santos AI. Spontaneous Remission of High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e77-e79. [PMID: 38048523 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite extensive research into COVID-19 since its emergence in late 2019, there is still much not fully understood about its long-term effects. When infected with SARS-CoV-2, cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that viruses may exhibit an antitumor effect in some cases, which has recently been anecdotally reported with SARS-CoV-2. We present the case of a patient with a recent high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis and without any cancer-specific therapy, in whom a complete metabolic response on 2-[ 18 F]FDG PET/CT was observed after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Cardoso Ferreira
- From the Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - Susana Carmona
- From the Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Montalvão
- Oncology - Hematology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo E.P.E., Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Santos
- From the Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta E.P.E., Almada, Portugal
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Rago V, Bossio S, Lofaro D, Perri A, Di Agostino S. New Insights into the Link between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Renal Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 38255667 PMCID: PMC10817602 DOI: 10.3390/life14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been described as a risk factor for greater susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, mainly for patients with metastatic disease. Conversely, to that reported for most solid and hematological malignancies, the few available clinical studies reported that the infection did not increase the risk of death in renal cancer patients. The expression on proximal tubular renal cells of the key players in cellular viral uptake, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and NRP1, seems to be the mechanism for the direct kidney injury seen in patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and experimental analyses on various renal cancer cell lines demonstrated that the above-reported receptors/cofactors are maintained by renal cancer cells. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 infection directly kills renal cancer cells or generates enhanced immunogenicity is a question worth investigating. In addition, some researchers have further addressed the topic by studying the expression and prognostic significance of gene signatures related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in renal cancer patients. The emerging data highlights the importance of better understanding the existence of a link between renal cancer and COVID-19 since it could lead to the identification of new prognostic factors and the development of new therapeutic targets in the management of renal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Bossio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Danilo Lofaro
- de-Health Lab, Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Pierrard J, Seront E, Galot R, Gunes Tatar I, Baurain JF, Di Perri D. Regression of a melanoma brain metastasis that had appeared after immune checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation: a hypothesis-generating case. Acta Clin Belg 2023; 78:516-520. [PMID: 37466163 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2023.2238374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 50-year-old woman previously treated with nivolumab-ipilimumab combination therapy for a metastatic melanoma. Despite premature discontinuation of these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) after 2 cycles due to severe immune-related hepatitis, the patient achieved a complete response. Nine months later, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed progression of a single cerebral lesion, and the patient was referred for stereotactic radiosurgery. Unexpectedly, the brain MRI acquired one month later as part of radiosurgery planning showed a spontaneous regression of this lesion, allowing for radiosurgery cancellation. Follow-up imaging showed a sustained response, although the patient did not receive any other oncological treatment. We discuss here the potential immune mechanisms involved in this unusual course and the importance of better understanding the behaviour of tumours in the era of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pierrard
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Experimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Seront
- Medical Oncology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Medical Oncology Department, Hopital de Jolimont, Haine Saint Paul, Belgium
| | - Rachel Galot
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Experimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
- Medical Oncology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Idil Gunes Tatar
- Radiology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Baurain
- UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Experimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Center of Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
- Medical Oncology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dario Di Perri
- Radiation Oncology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Miyamori D, Kamitani T, Yoshida S, Shigenobu Y, Ikeda K, Kikuchi Y, Kashima S, Yamamoto Y. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality among patients with colorectal cancer in Hiroshima, Japan: A large cancer registry study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20554-20563. [PMID: 37877230 PMCID: PMC10660096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer care and mortality using a large cancer registry in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. The study aimed to estimate the all-cause mortality rates within 1 year of diagnosis among colorectal cancer patients diagnosed during the pandemic period (2020 and 2021) compared to those diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (2018 and 2019). METHODS The day of diagnosis was set as Day 0 and Cox regression models were utilized to estimate crude hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted HRs, accounting for age, sex, cancer stage, and treatment status. Two sensitivity analyses of overall survival were performed with different cutoffs of the pre-pandemic/pandemic periods and year-to-year comparisons. Subgroup analyses were performed using likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS A total of 15,085 colorectal cancer patients were included, with 6499 eligible for follow-up. A median age of included patients was 72 years old, of which 59% were male. The distribution of cancer stages showed little variation between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. With a median follow-up of 177 days, the number of events was 316/3111 (173 events per 1000 person-years [E/1000PY], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 154-192 E/1000PY) in the pre-pandemic period, and 326/2746 (245 E/1000PY, 95% CI: 220-274 E/1000PY) in the pandemic period (crude HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66; adjusted HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.46). The two sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses consistently supported these findings. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed an increased colorectal cancer mortality during the pandemic period, suggesting a continuous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the known and unknown risk factors for colorectal cancer for several years. Further studies are necessary to mitigate the adverse effects on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamori
- Department of General Internal MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Tsukasa Kamitani
- Section of Education for Clinical ResearchKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of General Internal MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuya Shigenobu
- Department of General Internal MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kotaro Ikeda
- Department of General Internal MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuka Kikuchi
- Department of General Internal MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Saori Kashima
- Graduate School for International Development and CooperationHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
- Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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