1
|
Fang S, Zhang W. Heart-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Interaction between Depression and Arrhythmia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1719. [PMID: 39200183 PMCID: PMC11351688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmias and depression are recognized as diseases of the heart and brain, respectively, and both are major health threats that often co-occur with a bidirectional causal relationship. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) serves as a crucial component of the heart-brain axis (HBA) and the pathway of interoception. Cardiac activity can influence emotional states through ascending interoceptive pathways, while psychological stress can precipitate arrhythmias via the ANS. However, the HBA and interoception frameworks are often considered overly broad, and the precise mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between depression and arrhythmias remain unclear. This narrative review aims to synthesize the existing literature, focusing on the pathological mechanisms of the ANS in depression and arrhythmia while integrating other potential mechanisms to detail heart-brain interactions. In the bidirectional communication between the heart and brain, we emphasize considering various internal factors such as genes, personality traits, stress, the endocrine system, inflammation, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and behavioral factors. Current research employs multidisciplinary knowledge to elucidate heart-brain relationships, and a deeper understanding of these interactions can help optimize clinical treatment strategies. From a broader perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of considering the body as a complex, interconnected system rather than treating organs in isolation. Investigating heart-brain interactions enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and advances medical science, ultimately improving human quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Fang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharif AF, Almulhim MNM, Almosabeh HMA, Alshammasy MEA, Aljeshi AMA, Mufti TMA, AlNasser S, Al-Mulhim KA, AlMubarak YA. Predictors of Serotonin Syndrome in Acute Poisoning with 5-Hydroxytryptamine Modulators. TOXICS 2024; 12:550. [PMID: 39195652 PMCID: PMC11360237 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulators are commonly prescribed medications with potentially life-threatening outcomes, particularly serotonin syndrome (SS). Early prediction of SS is critical not only to avoid lethal drug combinations but also to initiate appropriate treatment. The present work aimed to recognize the significant predictors of SS through a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted among patients exposed to an overdose of 5-HT modulators and admitted to a poison control center where 112 patients were enrolled. Of them, 21 patients were diagnosed with SS, and 66.7% of patients with SS were exposed to long-term co-ingestion. There was a noticeable surge in SS between April and May, and 52.4% of patients who suffered from SS were admitted after suicidal exposure (p < 0.05). Patients with SS showed severe presentation indicated by high-grade poison severity scores (PSS) and low Glasgow coma scales (GCS). PSS was a significant predictor of SS with an area under the curve of 0.879. PCO2, pulse, GCS, HCO3, and erythrocytic count were other significant predictors of SS. Combinations of serotonergic agents increase the likelihood of developing SS. Clinicians should be vigilant when prescribing a combination of serotonergic therapy, particularly for patients on illicit sympathomimetic and over-the-counter medications like dextromethorphan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F. Sharif
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St., Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Nasir M. Almulhim
- College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.A.); (A.M.A.A.); (T.M.A.M.)
| | - Hadi Mohamed A. Almosabeh
- College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.A.); (A.M.A.A.); (T.M.A.M.)
| | - Mohammed Essam A. Alshammasy
- College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.A.); (A.M.A.A.); (T.M.A.M.)
| | - Ali Mohammed A. Aljeshi
- College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.A.); (A.M.A.A.); (T.M.A.M.)
| | - Taher Mohammed A. Mufti
- College of Medicine, Dar AL-Uloom University, Al Falah, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.M.A.); (H.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.A.); (A.M.A.A.); (T.M.A.M.)
| | - Shahd AlNasser
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Hittin, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid A. Al-Mulhim
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Sulimaniyah, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.-M.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yousef A. AlMubarak
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Sulimaniyah, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.A.-M.); (Y.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neumann J, Dhein S, Kirchhefer U, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Effects of congeners of amphetamine on the human heart. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4615-4642. [PMID: 38340182 PMCID: PMC11166837 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Central stimulatory and hallucinogenic drugs of abuse like amphetamine and most congeners of amphetamine can have cardiac harmful effects. These cardiac side effects can lead to morbidities and death. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the direct and indirect effects of these amphetamine congeners on the mammalian heart-more specifically, the isolated human heart muscle preparation. In detail, we address the question of whether and how these drugs affect cardiac contractility and their mechanisms of action. Based on this information, further research areas are defined, and further research efforts are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, 06112, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Rudolf-Boehm Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, 06112, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yuan W, Ma Y, Zhang H. Development of heterocyclic-based frameworks as potential scaffold of 5-HT1A receptor agonist and future perspectives: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38496. [PMID: 38875413 PMCID: PMC11175882 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As a subtype of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the pathological process of psychiatric disorders and is an important target for antidepressants. The research groups focus on these area have tried to design novel compounds to alleviate depression by targeting 5-HT1A receptor. The heterocyclic structures is an important scaffold to enhance the antidepressant activity of ligands, including piperazine, piperidine, benzothiazole, and pyrrolidone. The current review highlights the function and significance of nitrogen-based heterocyclics 5-HT1AR represented by piperazine, piperidine, benzothiazole, and pyrrolidone in the development of antidepressant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yuan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Gumei Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC. Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:472-489. [PMID: 38301886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), DMT (N,N -dimethyltryptamine), and 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), all of which are serotonin 2A receptor agonists, are being investigated as potential treatments. This review aims to summarize the current clinical research on these 4 compounds and mescaline to guide future research. Their mechanism(s) of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety were reviewed. While evidence for therapeutic indications, with the exception of psilocybin for depression, is still relatively scarce, we noted no differences in psychedelic effects beyond effect duration. Therefore, it remains unclear whether different receptor profiles contribute to the therapeutic potential of these compounds. More research is needed to differentiate these compounds in order to inform which compounds might be best for different therapeutic uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Holze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deepak Cyril D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bahr F, Ricke-Hoch M, Ponimaskin E, Müller F. Serotonin Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Friend or Foe? ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1619-1634. [PMID: 38573542 PMCID: PMC11027101 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and treatment costs pose a major burden on the global health care system. Despite the variety of treatment options, individual recovery can be still poor and the mortality rate, especially in the first few years after the event, remains high. Therefore, intense research is currently focused on identifying novel target molecules to improve the outcome following AMI. One of the potentially interesting targets is the serotonergic system (5-HT system), not at least because of its connection to mental disorders. It is known that patients suffering from AMI have an increased risk of developing depression and vice versa. This implicates that the 5-HT system can be affected in response to AMI and might thus represent a target structure for patients' treatment. This review aims to highlight the importance of the 5-HT system after AMI by describing the role of individual serotonin receptors (5-HTR) in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological responses. It particularly focuses on the signaling pathways of the serotonin receptors 1, 2, 4, and 7, which are expressed in the cardiovascular system, during disease onset, and the following remodeling process. This overview also emphasizes the importance of the 5-HT system in AMI etiology and highlights 5-HTRs as potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F.S. Bahr
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Ricke-Hoch
- Cardiology
and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - E. Ponimaskin
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - F.E. Müller
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reddy AP, Rawat P, Rohr N, Alvir R, Bisht J, Bushra MA, Luong J, Reddy AP. Role of Serotonylation and SERT Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0328. [PMID: 38607731 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is implicated mainly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reported to be responsible for several processes and roles in the human body, such as regulating sleep, food intake, sexual behavior, anxiety, and drug abuse. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin also functions as a signal between neurons to mature, survive, and differentiate. It plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity, including cell migration and cell contact formation. Various psychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease, have been linked to an increase in serotonin-dependent signaling during the development of the nervous system. Recent studies have found 5-HT and other monoamines embedded in the nuclei of various cells, including immune cells, the peritoneal mast, and the adrenal medulla. Evidence suggests these monoamines to be involved in widespread intracellular regulation by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. Serotonylation is the calcium-dependent process in which 5-HT forms a long-lasting covalent bond to small cytoplasmic G-proteins by endogenous transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Serotonylation plays a role in various biological processes. The purpose of our article is to summarize historical developments and recent advances in serotonin research and serotonylation in depression, aging, AD, and other age-related neurological diseases. We also discussed several of the latest developments with Serotonin, including biological functions, pathophysiological implications and therapeutic strategies to treat patients with depression, dementia, and other age-related conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Neumann J, Hesse C, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Zacopride stimulates 5-HT 4 serotonin receptors in the human atrium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03051-5. [PMID: 38557827 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Zacopride (4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(quinuclidin-3-yl)-benzamide) is a potent agonist in human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract. Zacopride was studied as an antiemetic drug and was intended to treat gastric diseases. Zacopride has been speculated to be useful as an antiarrhythmic agent in the human ventricle by inhibiting cardiac potassium channels. It is unknown whether zacopride is an agonist in human cardiac 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. We tested the hypothesis that zacopride stimulates human cardiac atrial 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. Zacopride increased the force of contraction and beating rate in isolated atrial preparations from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of human 5-HT4 serotonin receptors (5-HT4-TG). However, it was inactive in wild-type mouse hearts (WT). Zacopride was as effective as serotonin in raising the force of contraction and beating rate in atrial preparations of 5-HT4-TG. Zacopride raised the force of contraction in human right atrial preparations (HAP) in the absence and presence of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostamide (1 µM). The positive inotropic effect of zacopride in HAP was attenuated by either 10 µM tropisetron or 1 µM GR125487, both of which are antagonists at 5-HT4 serotonin receptors. These data suggest that zacopride is also an agonist at 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in the human atrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christin Hesse
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, D-06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neumann J, Hesse C, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Mosapride stimulates human 5-HT 4-serotonin receptors in the heart. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03047-1. [PMID: 38498060 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mosapride (4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-[(4-fluorophenyl) methyl]-2-morpholinyl]-methyl] benzamide) is a potent agonist at gastrointestinal 5-HT4 receptors. Mosapride is an approved drug to treat several gastric diseases. We tested the hypothesis that mosapride also stimulates 5-HT4 receptors in the heart. Mosapride increased the force of contraction and beating rate in isolated atrial preparations from mice with cardiac overexpression of human 5-HT4-serotonin receptors (5-HT4-TG). However, it is inactive in wild-type mouse hearts (WT). Mosapride was less effective and potent than serotonin in raising the force of contraction or the beating rate in 5-HT4-TG. Only in the presence of cilostamide (1 μM), a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, mosapride, and its primary metabolite time dependently raised the force of contraction under isometric conditions in isolated paced human right atrial preparations (HAP, obtained during open heart surgery). In HAP, mosapride (10 μM) reduced serotonin-induced increases in the force of contraction. Mosapride (10 µM) shifted the concentration-response curves to serotonin in HAP to the right. These data suggest that mosapride is a partial agonist at 5-HT4-serotonin receptors in HAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christin Hesse
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hosny EN, Sawie HG, Abou-Seif HS, Khadrawy YA. Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111627. [PMID: 38309094 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The current research aims to study the therapeutic efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) and caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Caf-CNs) against cardiovascular complications induced by obesity. Rats were divided randomly into: control, high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity rat model, obese rats treated with α-LA and/or Caf-CNs. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) significantly increased in the serum of obese rats. In addition, plasma atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli's risk indices I and II showed a significant increase. Additionally, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) were significantly elevated in heart tissues of obese rats. However, cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH), serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) as well as serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly reduced in obese rats. Treatment with α-LA and/or Caf-CNs ameliorated almost all the biochemical and histopathological alterations caused by obesity. In conclusion, the present data revealed that α-LA and/or Caf-CNs may be an effective therapeutic approach against cardiac complications caused by obesity through their antilipemic, anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Howida S Abou-Seif
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seal S, Spjuth O, Hosseini-Gerami L, García-Ortegón M, Singh S, Bender A, Carpenter AE. Insights into Drug Cardiotoxicity from Biological and Chemical Data: The First Public Classifiers for FDA Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Rank. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1172-1186. [PMID: 38300851 PMCID: PMC10900289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) is a major concern in drug development, accounting for 10-14% of postmarket withdrawals. In this study, we explored the capabilities of chemical and biological data to predict cardiotoxicity, using the recently released DICTrank data set from the United States FDA. We found that such data, including protein targets, especially those related to ion channels (e.g., hERG), physicochemical properties (e.g., electrotopological state), and peak concentration in plasma offer strong predictive ability for DICT. Compounds annotated with mechanisms of action such as cyclooxygenase inhibition could distinguish between most-concern and no-concern DICT. Cell Painting features for ER stress discerned most-concern cardiotoxic from nontoxic compounds. Models based on physicochemical properties provided substantial predictive accuracy (AUCPR = 0.93). With the availability of omics data in the future, using biological data promises enhanced predictability and deeper mechanistic insights, paving the way for safer drug development. All models from this study are available at https://broad.io/DICTrank_Predictor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Seal
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Ignota
Labs, The Bradfield Centre, Cambridge Science Park, County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road, Cambridge CB4 0GA, U.K.
| | - Miguel García-Ortegón
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andreas Bender
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Anne E. Carpenter
- Imaging
Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neumann J, Dhein S, Kirchhefer U, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Effects of hallucinogenic drugs on the human heart. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1334218. [PMID: 38370480 PMCID: PMC10869618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1334218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hallucinogenic drugs are used because they have effects on the central nervous system. Their hallucinogenic effects probably occur via stimulation of serotonin receptors, namely, 5-HT2A-serotonin receptors in the brain. However, a close study reveals that they also act on the heart, possibly increasing the force of contraction and beating rate and may lead to arrhythmias. Here, we will review the inotropic and chronotropic actions of bufotenin, psilocin, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), ergotamine, ergometrine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Rudolf-Boehm Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadykova D, Nigmatullina R, Salakhova K, Slastnikova E, Galimova L, Khaliullina C, Valeeva I. Membrane Transporter of Serotonin and Hypercholesterolemia in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:767. [PMID: 38255840 PMCID: PMC10815017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The serotonin membrane transporter is one of the main mechanisms of plasma serotonin concentration regulation. Serotonin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, stimulating the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, key cells in the process of hypertrophic vascular remodeling. Vascular remodeling is one of the leading prognostically unfavorable factors of atherosclerosis, the main manifestation of familial hypercholesterolemia. Familial hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common genetically determined lipid metabolism disorders and occurs in 1 in 313 people. The aim of our study was to investigate the levels of plasma and platelet serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and membrane transporter in a cross-sectional study of two pediatric groups, including patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and the control group, which consisted of apparently healthy children without cardiovascular diseases. The study involved 116 children aged 5 to 17 years old. The proportion of boys was 50% (58/116) and the average age of the children was 10.5 years (CI 2.8-18.1). The concentrations of serotonin in blood plasma and platelets and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were higher in children with familial hypercholesterolemia than in the controls. The concentration of the serotonin transporter in platelets in healthy children, compared with the main group, was 1.3 times higher. A positive correlation was revealed between the level of serotonin (5-HT and PWV: ρ = 0.6, p < 0.001), its transporter (SERT and PWV: ρ = 0.5, p < 0.001), and the main indicators of arterial vascular stiffness. Our study revealed the relationship between high serotonin and SERT concentrations and markers of arterial stiffness. The results we obtained suggest the involvement of serotonin and SERT in the process of vascular remodeling in familial hypercholesterolemia in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Sadykova
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (K.S.); (E.S.); (L.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Razina Nigmatullina
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Karina Salakhova
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (K.S.); (E.S.); (L.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Evgeniia Slastnikova
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (K.S.); (E.S.); (L.G.); (C.K.)
- Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Liliya Galimova
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (K.S.); (E.S.); (L.G.); (C.K.)
- Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Chulpan Khaliullina
- Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (K.S.); (E.S.); (L.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Ildaria Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gergs U, Jacob H, Braekow P, Hofmann B, Pockes S, Humphrys LJ, Kirchhefer U, Fehse C, Neumann J. Lysergic acid diethylamide stimulates cardiac human H 2 histamine and cardiac human 5-HT 4-serotonin receptors. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:221-236. [PMID: 37401967 PMCID: PMC10771359 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an artificial hallucinogenic drug. Thus, we hypothesized that LSD might act 5-HT4 serotonin receptors and/or H2 histamine receptors. We studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial preparations, spontaneously beating right atrial preparations, and spontaneously beating Langendorff-perfused hearts from transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the human 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4-TG) or of the H2-histamine receptor (H2-TG). For comparison, we used wild type littermate mice (WT). Finally, we measured isometric force of contraction in isolated electrically stimulated muscle strips from the human right atrium obtained from patients during bypass surgery. LSD (up to 10 µM) concentration dependently increased force of contraction and beating rate in left or right atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TG (n = 6, p < 0.05) in 5-HT4-TG atrial preparations. The inotropic and chronotropic effects of LSD were antagonized by 10 µM tropisetron in 5-HT4-TG. In contrast, LSD (10 µM) increased force of contraction and beating rate in left or right atrial preparations, from H2-TG. After pre-stimulation with cilostamide (1 µM), LSD (10 µM) increased force of contraction in human atrial preparations (n = 6, p < 0.05). The contractile effects of LSD in human atrial preparations could be antagonized by 10 µM cimetidine and 1 µM GR 125487. LSD leads to H2-histamine receptor and 5-HT4-receptor mediated cardiac effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hannes Jacob
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pauline Braekow
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst Grube Straße 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Domagkstraße 12, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fehse
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jacob H, Braekow P, Hofmann B, Kirchhefer U, Forster L, Mönnich D, Humphrys LJ, Pockes S, Neumann J, Gergs U. Ergometrine stimulates histamine H 2 receptors in the isolated human atrium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3809-3822. [PMID: 37354215 PMCID: PMC10643397 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ergometrine (6aR,9R)-N-((S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexa-hydro-indolo-[4,3-fg]chinolin-9-carboxamide or lysergide acid β-ethanolamide or ergonovine) activates several types of serotonin and histamine receptors in the animal heart. We thus examined whether ergometrine can activate human serotonin 5-HT4 receptors (h5-HT4R) and/or human histamine H2 receptors (hH2R) in the heart of transgenic mice and/or in the human isolated atrium. Force of contraction or beating rates were studied in electrically stimulated left atrial or spontaneously beating right atrial preparations or spontaneously beating isolated retrogradely perfused hearts (Langendorff setup) of mice with cardiac specific overexpression of the h5-HT4R (5-HT4-TG) or of mice with cardiac specific overexpression of the hH2R (H2-TG) or in electrically stimulated human right atrial preparations obtained during cardiac surgery. Western blots to assess phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation on serine 16 were performed. Ergometrine exerted concentration- and time-dependent positive inotropic effects and positive chronotropic effects in atrial preparations starting at 0.3 µM and reaching a plateau at 10 µM in H2-TGs (n = 7). This was accompanied by an increase in PLB phosphorylation at serine 16. Ergometrine up 10 µM failed to increase force of contraction in left atrial preparations from 5-HT4-TGs (n = 5). Ten micrometer ergometrine increased the force of contraction in isolated retrogradely perfused spontaneously beating heart preparations (Langendorff setup) from H2-TG but not 5-HT4-TG. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostamide (1 µM), ergometrine at 10 µM exerted positive inotropic effects in isolated electrically stimulated human right atrial preparations, obtained during cardiac surgery, and these effects were eliminated by 10 µM of the H2R antagonist cimetidine but not by 10 µM of the 5-HT4R antagonist tropisetron. Furthermore, ergometrine showed binding to human histamine H2 receptors (at 100 µM and 1 mM) using HEK cells in a recombinant expression system (pKi < 4.5, n = 3). In conclusion, we suggest that ergometrine is an agonist at cardiac human H2Rs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Jacob
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pauline Braekow
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst Grube Straße 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster, Domagkstraße 12, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Forster
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wsół A. Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1362-1380. [PMID: 37874530 PMCID: PMC10661823 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics are powerful psychoactive substances that alter perception and mood processes. Their effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric diseases was known before their prohibition. An increasing number of recent studies, due to the indisputable resurgence of serotonergic hallucinogens, have shown their efficacy in alleviating depression, anxiety, substance abuse therapies, and existential distress treatment in patients facing life-threatening illness. Psychedelics are generally considered to be physiologically safe with low toxicity and low addictive potential. However, their agonism at serotonergic receptors should be considered in the context of possible serotonin-related cardiotoxicity (5-HT2A/2B and 5-HT4 receptors), influence on platelet aggregation (5-HT2A receptor), and their proarrhythmic potential. The use of psychedelics has also been associated with significant sympathomimetic effects in both experimental and clinical studies. Therefore, the present review aims to provide a critical discussion of the cardiovascular safety of psilocybin, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N,N-dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca, and mescaline, based on the results of experimental research and clinical trials in humans. Experimental studies provide inconsistent information on the potential cardiovascular effects and toxicity of psychedelics. Data from clinical trials point to the relative cardiovascular safety of psychedelic-assisted therapies in the population of "healthy" volunteers. However, there is insufficient evidence from therapies carried out with microdoses of psychedelics, and there is still a lack of data on the safety of psychedelics in the population of patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the exact determination of the cardiovascular safety of psychedelic therapies (especially long-term therapies) requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wsół
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zuccarello P, Carnazza G, Giorlandino A, Cosentino S, Arcifa V, Barbera N. Lethal vortioxetine poisoning? A forensic investigation. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 65:102314. [PMID: 37607460 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is an antidepressant recently licensed in the US and EU for the treatment of major depressive disorder. No fatalities from vortioxetine overdose have been reported, yet. Two cases of attempted suicide are described in the literature, although no toxicological analyzes were conducted. Vortioxetine concentrations found in blood and organs in a case of a probable acute lethal intoxication are reported here. A 65-year-old woman was found on the floor behind her bed with no vital signs. The woman was recently on vortioxetine 10 mg/day for major depression, anxiety, and psychotic attacks. Vortioxetine was quantified in blood, brain, liver, kidney, and lung samples by LC-MS/MS. Vortioxetine concentrations were: 1.197 ng/ml in the blood, 804 ng/g in the brain, 8.992 ng/g in the lung, 1.389 ng/g in the liver, 292 in the kidney. No other substance was found. In the case reported here, the blood concentration was approximately 35-135 times higher than the antemortem therapeutic value. Histological examination showed signs of a probable sudden cardiac death following to arrhythmia, with no evidence of myocardial infarction. The present case indicate that blood concentrations close to 1,000 ng/mL could lead to death, involving probably to a cardiac toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy.
| | - G Carnazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Giorlandino
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A.R.N.A.S. Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy
| | - S Cosentino
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, A.R.N.A.S. Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy
| | - V Arcifa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| | - N Barbera
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seal S, Spjuth O, Hosseini-Gerami L, García-Ortegón M, Singh S, Bender A, Carpenter AE. Insights into Drug Cardiotoxicity from Biological and Chemical Data: The First Public Classifiers for FDA DICTrank. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.15.562398. [PMID: 37905146 PMCID: PMC10614794 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.15.562398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) is a major concern in drug development, accounting for 10-14% of postmarket withdrawals. In this study, we explored the capabilities of various chemical and biological data to predict cardiotoxicity, using the recently released Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Rank (DICTrank) dataset from the United States FDA. We analyzed a diverse set of data sources, including physicochemical properties, annotated mechanisms of action (MOA), Cell Painting, Gene Expression, and more, to identify indications of cardiotoxicity. We found that such data, including protein targets, especially those related to ion channels (such as hERG), physicochemical properties (such as electrotopological state) as well as peak concentration in plasma offer strong predictive ability as well as valuable insights into DICT. We also found compounds annotated with particular mechanisms of action, such as cyclooxygenase inhibition, could distinguish between most-concern and no-concern DICT compounds. Cell Painting features related to ER stress discern the most-concern cardiotoxic compounds from non-toxic compounds. While models based on physicochemical properties currently provide substantial predictive accuracy (AUCPR = 0.93), this study also underscores the potential benefits of incorporating more comprehensive biological data in future DICT predictive models. With the availability of - omics data in the future, using biological data promises enhanced predictability and delivers deeper mechanistic insights, paving the way for safer therapeutic drug development. All models and data used in this study are publicly released at https://broad.io/DICTrank_Predictor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Seal
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, US
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, US
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neumann J, Hofmann B, Dhein S, Gergs U. Glucagon and Its Receptors in the Mammalian Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12829. [PMID: 37629010 PMCID: PMC10454195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon exerts effects on the mammalian heart. These effects include alterations in the force of contraction, beating rate, and changes in the cardiac conduction system axis. The cardiac effects of glucagon vary according to species, region, age, and concomitant disease. Depending on the species and region studied, the contractile effects of glucagon can be robust, modest, or even absent. Glucagon is detected in the mammalian heart and might act with an autocrine or paracrine effect on the cardiac glucagon receptors. The glucagon levels in the blood and glucagon receptor levels in the heart can change with disease or simultaneous drug application. Glucagon might signal via the glucagon receptors but, albeit less potently, glucagon might also signal via glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptors (GLP1-receptors). Glucagon receptors signal in a species- and region-dependent fashion. Small molecules or antibodies act as antagonists to glucagon receptors, which may become an additional treatment option for diabetes mellitus. Hence, a novel review of the role of glucagon and the glucagon receptors in the mammalian heart, with an eye on the mouse and human heart, appears relevant. Mouse hearts are addressed here because they can be easily genetically modified to generate mice that may serve as models for better studying the human glucagon receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst Grube Straße 40, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Rudolf-Boehm Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| |
Collapse
|