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Sekino Y, Yamamoto I, Watanabe M, Kuramochi K, Furuyama Y. Cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr) Isolated from the Human Skin Commensal Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Inhibits Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7365. [PMID: 39000472 PMCID: PMC11242031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanin is produced by melanocytes to protect human skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation. During skin cell renewal, melanin and dead skin cells are disposed of. However, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays or aging can disturb this cycle, leading to skin hyperpigmentation due to melanin accumulation. Tyrosinase is a crucial enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis. Although various compounds, including tyrosine inhibitors, that counteract melanin accumulation have been reported, some, such as hydroquinone, are toxic and can cause vitiligo. Meanwhile, the skin is the largest organ and the outermost layer of the immune system, containing a diverse range of bacteria that produce low-toxicity compounds. In the current study, we aim to identify metabolites produced by skin microbiota that inhibit tyrosinase. Specifically, mushroom tyrosinase served as the study model. Following commensal skin bacteria screening, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum was found to inhibit tyrosinase activity. The active compound was cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr); commercially available cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr) also exhibited inhibitory activity. Docking simulations suggested that cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr) binds to the substrate-binding site of mushroom tyrosinase, obstructing the substrate pocket and preventing its activity. Hence, cyclo(l-Pro-l-Tyr) might have potential applications as a cosmetic agent and food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Sekino
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8519, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8519, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8519, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8519, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuki Furuyama
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8519, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Qi S, Guo L, Liang J, Wang K, Liao Q, He S, Lyu W, Cheng Z, Wang J, Luo X, Yan X, Lu Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Chen X, Li Q. A new strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Discovery and bio-evaluation of the first central-targeting tyrosinase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107612. [PMID: 38986418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The high level of tyrosinase leads to the generation of neuromelanin, further causing the abnormality of redox-related protein level and mediating the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the existing tyrosinase inhibitors are mostly natural product extracts or polyphenolic derivatives, which hindered them from penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we obtained a novel tyrosinase inhibitor, 2-06 (tyrosinase: monophenolase IC50 = 70.44 ± 22.69 μM, diphenolase IC50 = 1.89 ± 0.64 μM), through the structure-based screening method. The compound 2-06 presented good in vitro and in vivo safety, and can inhibit the tyrosinase and melanogenesis in B16F10. Moreover, this compound showed neuroprotective effects and Parkinsonism behavior improving function. 2-06 was proved to penetrate the BBB and enter the central nervous system (CNS). The exploration of the binding mode between 2-06 and tyrosinase provided the foundation for the subsequent structural optimization. This is the first research to develop a central-targeting tyrosinase inhibitor, which is crucial for in-depth study on the new strategy for utilizing tyrosinase inhibitors to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Luo
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Lu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 256699, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Santos-Júnior PFDS, Batista VDM, Nascimento IJDS, Nunes IC, Silva LR, Costa CACB, Freitas JDD, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Araújo-Júnior JXD, Freitas MEGD, Zhan P, Green KD, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Mendonça-Júnior FJB, Rodrigues-Junior VS, Silva-Júnior EFD. A consensus reverse docking approach for identification of a competitive inhibitor of acetyltransferase enhanced intracellular survival protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 108:117774. [PMID: 38833750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which remains a significant global health challenge. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mtb strains imposes the development of new therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on the identification and evaluation of potential inhibitors against Mtb H37Ra through a comprehensive screening of an in-house chemolibrary. Subsequently, a promising pyrimidine derivative (LQM495) was identified as promising and then further investigated by experimental and in silico approaches. In this context, computational techniques were used to elucidate the potential molecular target underlying the inhibitory action of LQM495. Then, a consensus reverse docking (CRD) protocol was used to investigate the interactions between this compound and several Mtb targets. Out of 98 Mtb targets investigated, the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein emerged as a target for LQM495. To gain insights into the stability of the LQM495-Eis complex, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted over a 400 ns trajectory. Further insights into its binding modes within the Eis binding site were obtained through a Quantum mechanics (QM) approach, using density functional theory (DFT), with B3LYP/D3 basis set. These calculations shed light on the electronic properties and reactivity of LQM495. Subsequently, inhibition assays and kinetic studies of the Eis activity were used to investigate the activity of LQM495. Then, an IC50 value of 11.0 ± 1.4 µM was found for LQM495 upon Eis protein. Additionally, its Vmax, Km, and Ki parameters indicated that it is a competitive inhibitor. Lastly, this study presents LQM495 as a promising inhibitor of Mtb Eis protein, which could be further explored for developing novel anti-TB drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitoria de Melo Batista
- Research Group of Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Post-Graduation Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Department, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Cavalcante Nunes
- Research Group of Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rocha Silva
- Research Group of Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceió campus, Mizael Domingues Street, 57020-600 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-001, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, United States
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, United States
| | | | - Valnês S Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Research Group of Biological and Molecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, AC. Simões campus, 57072-970 Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
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4
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Cytarska J, Szulc J, Kołodziej-Sobczak D, Nunes JA, da Silva-Júnior EF, Łączkowski KZ. Cyrene™ as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-browning agent. Food Chem 2024; 442:138430. [PMID: 38241986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The tyrosinase pathway takes part in the enzymatic process of food browning and is primarily responsible for food spoilage - manifesting itself from a decrease in its nutritional value to a deterioration of taste, which consequently leads to a gradual loss of shelf life. Finding safe and bio-based tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-browning agents may be of great importance in agriculture and food industries. Herein, we showed that Cyrene™ exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 268.2 µM), the 1.44 times higher than ascorbic acid (IC50: 386.5 μM). Binding mode studies demonstrated that the carbonyl oxygen of Cyrene™ coordinates with both copper ions. Surprisingly, both hydroxyl groups of Cyrene gem-diol perform a monodentate binding mode with both copper ions, at similar distances. This fact suggests that both compounds could have a similar binding mode and, as consequence, similar biological activities in tyrosinase inhibition assays and anti-browning activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej-Sobczak
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jéssica Alves Nunes
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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5
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Viana LPS, Naves GM, Medeiros IG, Guimarães AS, Sousa ES, Santos JCC, Freire NML, de Aquino TM, Modolo LV, de Fátima Â, da Silva CM. Synergizing structure and function: Cinnamoyl hydroxamic acids as potent urease inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107247. [PMID: 38493635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation encompasses the structural planning, synthesis, and evaluation of the urease inhibitory activity of a series of molecular hybrids of hydroxamic acids and Michael acceptors, delineated from the structure of cinnamic acids. The synthesized compounds exhibited potent urease inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 3.8 to 12.8 µM. Kinetic experiments unveiled that the majority of the synthesized hybrids display characteristics of mixed inhibitors. Generally, derivatives containing electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring demonstrate heightened activity, indicating that the increased electrophilicity of the beta carbon in the Michael Acceptor moiety positively influences the antiureolytic properties of this compounds class. Biophysical and theoretical investigations further corroborated the findings obtained from kinetic assays. These studies suggest that the hydroxamic acid core interacts with the urease active site, while the Michael acceptor moiety binds to one or more allosteric sites adjacent to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P S Viana
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M Naves
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Medeiros
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ari S Guimarães
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Emilly S Sousa
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Josué C C Santos
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Nathália M L Freire
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Aquino
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Luzia V Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleiton M da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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6
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Hefny SM, El-Moselhy TF, El-Din N, Giovannuzzi S, Bin Traiki T, Vaali-Mohammed MA, El-Dessouki AM, Yamaguchi K, Sugiura M, Shaldam MA, Supuran CT, Abdulla MH, Eldehna WM, Tawfik HO. Discovery and Mechanistic Studies of Dual-Target Hits for Carbonic Anhydrase IX and VEGFR-2 as Potential Agents for Solid Tumors: X-ray, In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Investigations of Coumarin-Based Thiazoles. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38642371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
A dual-targeting approach is predicted to yield better cancer therapy outcomes. Consequently, a series of coumarin-based thiazoles (5a-h, 6, and 7a-e) were designed and constructed as potential carbonic anhydrase (CA) and VEGFR-2 suppressors. The inhibitory actions of the target compounds were assessed against CA isoforms IX and VEGFR-2. The assay results showed that coumarin-based thiazoles 5a, 5d, and 5e can effectively inhibit both targets. 5a, 5d, and 5e cytotoxic effects were tested on pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancer cells (PANC1, MCF7, and PC3). Further mechanistic investigation disclosed the ability of 5e to interrupt the PANC1 cell progression in the S stage by triggering the apoptotic cascade, as seen by increased levels of caspases 3, 9, and BAX, alongside the Bcl-2 decline. Moreover, the in vivo efficacy of compound 5e as an antitumor agent was evaluated. Also, molecular docking and dynamics displayed distinctive interactions between 5e and CA IX and VEGFR-2 binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Hefny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek F El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya El-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, sixth of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Koki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaharu Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze Italy
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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7
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Kausar R, Zahoor AF, Tabassum H, Kamal S, Ahmad Bhat M. Synergistic Biomedical Potential and Molecular Docking Analyses of Coumarin-Triazole Hybrids as Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro Profiling, and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:532. [PMID: 38675492 PMCID: PMC11054269 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tyrosinase enzyme has a vital role in the browning of vegetables and fruits and the biosynthesis of melanin. In this work, we synthesized a diverse library of coumarin-triazole hybrids, and these compounds were characterized by using suitable analytical techniques. Our research work extends beyond the synthetic effort to explore the therapeutic potential of these compounds. We put the synthesized compounds through meticulous in vitro screening against the tyrosinase enzyme, and these coumarin derivatives evinced good IC50 values in the range of 0.339 ± 0.25 µM to 14.06 ± 0.92 µM. In the library of synthesized compounds, six compounds were found to be more potent than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 11.5 ± 1.00), and among them, 17e and 17f, being the most active, exhibited remarkable anti-tyrosinase potential, with IC50 values of 0.339 ± 0.25 μM and 3.148 ± 0.23 μM, respectively. Furthermore, an in silico modeling study was carried out to determine the key interactions of these compounds with the tyrosinase protein (PDB ID: 2Y9X) and thus to authenticate our experimental findings. The quantitative SAR studies exhibited a good correlation between the synthesized derivatives of coumarin and their anti-tyrosinase activity. The docking studies verified the experimental results, and ligand 17e showed good interaction with the core residues of tyrosinase. This study not only expands the field of coumarin-triazole hybrid synthesis but also provides valuable insights for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Lu L, Hu C, Min X, Liu Z, Xu X, Gan L. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7470. [PMID: 38005192 PMCID: PMC10673563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an important rate-limiting enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors with anti-melanogenic activity, a series of indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 5a~5z were synthesized by incorporating indole with thiazolidine-2,4-dione into one compound and assayed for their biological activities. All compounds displayed tyrosinase inhibitory activities and 5w had the highest anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 11.2 μM. Inhibition kinetics revealed 5w as a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Fluorescence quenching results indicated that 5w quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in a static process. CD spectra and 3D fluorescence spectra results suggested that the binding of 5w with tyrosinase could change the conformation and microenvironment of tyrosinase. Molecular docking also represented the binding between 5w and tyrosinase. Moreover, 5w could inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis both in B16F10 cells and the zebrafish model. Therefore, compound 5w could serve as a tyrosinase inhibitor with anti-melanogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Lishe Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
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9
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Li J, Min X, Zheng X, Wang S, Xu X, Peng J. Synthesis, Anti-Tyrosinase Activity, and Spectroscopic Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Eugenol Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:5969. [PMID: 37630220 PMCID: PMC10460039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays crucial roles in mediating the production of melanin pigment; thus, its inhibitors could be useful in preventing melanin-related diseases. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a series of cinnamic acid-eugenol esters (c1~c29) was synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The biological evaluation results showed that all compounds c1~c29 exhibited definite tyrosinase inhibitory activity; especially, compound c27 was the strongest tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50: 3.07 ± 0.26 μM), being ~4.6-fold stronger than the positive control, kojic acid (IC50: 14.15 ± 0.46 μM). Inhibition kinetic studies validated compound c27 as a reversible mixed-type inhibitor against tyrosinase. Three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results indicated that compound c27 could change the conformation and secondary structure of tyrosinase. Fluorescence-quenching results showed that compound c27 quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in the static manner with one binding site. Molecular docking results also revealed the binding interactions between compound c27 and tyrosinase. Therefore, cinnamic acid-eugenol esters, especially c27, could be used as lead compounds to find potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
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