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Molnar T, Lehoczki A, Fekete M, Varnai R, Zavori L, Erdo-Bonyar S, Simon D, Berki T, Csecsei P, Ezer E. Mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID: mechanisms, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches. GeroScience 2024; 46:5267-5286. [PMID: 38668888 PMCID: PMC11336094 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has introduced the medical community to the phenomenon of long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms following the resolution of the acute phase of infection. Among the myriad of symptoms reported by long COVID sufferers, chronic fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and exercise intolerance are predominant, suggesting systemic alterations beyond the initial viral pathology. Emerging evidence has pointed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential underpinning mechanism contributing to the persistence and diversity of long COVID symptoms. This review aims to synthesize current findings related to mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID, exploring its implications for cellular energy deficits, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, metabolic disturbances, and endothelial dysfunction. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we highlight the significance of mitochondrial health in the pathophysiology of long COVID, drawing parallels with similar clinical syndromes linked to post-infectious states in other diseases where mitochondrial impairment has been implicated. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function, including pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, exercise, and dietary approaches, and emphasize the need for further research and collaborative efforts to advance our understanding and management of long COVID. This review underscores the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID and calls for a multidisciplinary approach to address the gaps in our knowledge and treatment options for those affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Reka Varnai
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Szabina Erdo-Bonyar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Ret U 2, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Erzsebet Ezer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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2
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Szarvas Z, Fekete M, Szollosi GJ, Kup K, Horvath R, Shimizu M, Tsuhiya F, Choi HE, Wu HT, Fazekas-Pongor V, Pete KN, Cserjesi R, Bakos R, Gobel O, Gyongyosi K, Pinter R, Kolozsvari D, Kovats Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Owens CD, Ungvari Z, Tarantini S, Horvath G, Muller V, Varga JT. Optimizing cardiopulmonary rehabilitation duration for long COVID patients: an exercise physiology monitoring approach. GeroScience 2024; 46:4163-4183. [PMID: 38771423 PMCID: PMC11336035 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of prolonged symptoms after COVID infection worsens the workability and quality of life. 200 adults with long COVID syndrome were enrolled after medical, physical, and mental screening, and were divided into two groups based on their performance. The intervention group (n = 100) received supervised rehabilitation at Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University with the registration number 160/2021 between 01/APR/2021-31/DEC/2022, while an age-matched control group (n = 100) received a single check-up. To evaluate the long-term effects of the rehabilitation, the intervention group was involved in a 2- and 3-month follow-up, carrying out cardiopulmonary exercise test. Our study contributes understanding long COVID rehabilitation, emphasizing the potential benefits of structured cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in enhancing patient outcomes and well-being. Significant difference was found between intervention group and control group at baseline visit in pulmonary parameters, as forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, forced expiratory volume, transfer factor for carbon monoxide, transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide, and oxygen saturation (all p < 0.05). Our follow-up study proved that a 2-week long, patient-centered pulmonary rehabilitation program has a positive long-term effect on people with symptomatic long COVID syndrome. Our data showed significant improvement between two and three months in maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.05). Multidisciplinary, individualized approach may be a key element of a successful cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in long COVID conditions, which improves workload, quality of life, respiratory function, and status of patients with long COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Szarvas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergo Jozsef Szollosi
- Coordination Center for Research in Social Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katica Kup
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maya Shimizu
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fuko Tsuhiya
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ha Eun Choi
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Nedda Pete
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renata Cserjesi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina Bakos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Gobel
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Gyongyosi
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renata Pinter
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Kolozsvari
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kovats
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cameron D Owens
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gabor Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Muller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Tamas Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Georgieva E, Ananiev J, Yovchev Y, Arabadzhiev G, Abrashev H, Zaharieva V, Atanasov V, Kostandieva R, Mitev M, Petkova-Parlapanska K, Karamalakova Y, Tsoneva V, Nikolova G. Stable Nitroxide as Diagnostic Tools for Monitoring of Oxidative Stress and Hypoalbuminemia in the Context of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8045. [PMID: 39125614 PMCID: PMC11312055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major source of ROS-mediated damage to macromolecules, tissues, and the whole body. It is an important marker in the severe picture of pathological conditions. The discovery of free radicals in biological systems gives a "start" to studying various pathological processes related to the development and progression of many diseases. From this moment on, the enrichment of knowledge about the participation of free radicals and free-radical processes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and endocrine diseases, inflammatory conditions, and infections, including COVID-19, is increasing exponentially. Excessive inflammatory responses and abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels may disrupt mitochondrial dynamics, increasing the risk of cell damage. In addition, low serum albumin levels and changes in the normal physiological balance between reduced and oxidized albumin can be a serious prerequisite for impaired antioxidant capacity of the body, worsening the condition in patients. This review presents the interrelationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and low albumin levels, which are hallmarks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Georgieva
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Julian Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Yovcho Yovchev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Georgi Arabadzhiev
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Y.Y.); (G.A.)
| | - Hristo Abrashev
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Vyara Zaharieva
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (J.A.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vasil Atanasov
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Rositsa Kostandieva
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Military Medical Academy, 3 G. Sofiiski, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitko Mitev
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital “Prof. Dr. St. Kirkovich”, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
| | - Vanya Tsoneva
- Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (K.P.-P.); (G.N.)
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Ursescu C, Teodoru G, Bucurica S, Nica RI, Lazăr ȘD, Popescu MN, Ciobanu I, Berteanu M. Using the ClinFIT COVID-19 Instrument to Assess the Functional Impairments Specific to Post-COVID-19 Patients in Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1540. [PMID: 39061679 PMCID: PMC11275825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has led to approximately 3.5 million cases in Romania, causing systemic inflammation and over 200 symptoms affecting various body systems. This complexity has challenged rehabilitation systems, necessitating personalized plans tailored to each patient's illness stage and impairment level. The ISPRM-developed ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, aligned with the ICF categories, assists in assessing patients during acute, post-acute, and long-term phases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and assess functional impairments in post-COVID-19 patients in Romania, with a secondary goal of generating rehabilitation directions. METHODS Data were collected from patients at two Bucharest medical centers, including those with persistent symptoms post-acute phase. Participants were assessed using the adapted ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, and descriptive statistics were applied. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed diverse functional impairments in physical, psychological, and social domains among post-COVID-19 patients, with severe impairments more common in those with long-term COVID-19. Complete impairment in complex movement and paid work was noted, affecting one-third of salaried employees and forcing some to retire. In the acute phase, the most frequent functional impairments were sleep, attention, pain sensation, and exercise tolerance functions. In contrast, the most severely affected functions were exercise tolerance and mobility joint functions. Age did not positively correlate with any of the analyzed functions. In the post-acute phase, sleep, energy, and drive functions remained the most frequently affected functions, while the most severely affected was, by far, the moving around function. In the post-acute period, respiratory and respiratory muscle functions strongly correlated with all tasks related to physical activity. In the long COVID-19 phase, remunerative employment was the most severely affected function, while attention functions remained the most frequently affected, similar to the acute phase. The ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument effectively captured these impairments, underscoring the need for comprehensive rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ursescu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gigi Teodoru
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Discipline of General Surgery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan Dragoș Lazăr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Ileana Ciobanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihai Berteanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
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5
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Glace BW, Kremenic IJ, Hogan DE, Kwiecien SY, McHUGH MP. Habitual physical activity and COVID-19. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:685-693. [PMID: 38916092 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is known to decrease COVID-19 risk factors and can attenuate symptoms of viral infections. However, difficulty exercising and fatigue are common complaints after COVID-19. It is unknown whether prior habitual PA will improve outcomes and what the time course is until full recovery of PA after COVID-19. METHODS Invitations were emailed to 21,933 adults who were SARS-CoV-2 positive between March 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed intake surveys and the Physical Activity History (PAH) questionnaire regarding PA during the 3-month prior to infection. Monthly thereafter, for up to 23 months, participants were emailed surveys. Scores were computed for moderate and heavy PA. Long COVID (LC) was defined as having recurring/persistent symptoms 9 months after diagnosis. RESULTS Overall, 993 patients completed the intake survey (age 50.7±15.8 years, BMI 27.3±9.2, 58% women); 28% had been hospitalized. One-third had recovered to their pre-infection level of PA at 9 months post-infection; this increased to 65% at one year, and 90% at two years. Higher pre-diagnosis PA reduced odds of hospitalization (P<0.05) but not of LC. Factors predictive of poor PA recovery were higher pre-diagnosis PA, shortness of breath and fatigue during acute illness, and fatigue chronically. Participants who reported ongoing symptoms had consistently poorer recovery of habitual PA compared to those not reporting chronic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Habitual PA reduced odds of hospitalization but not of LC. Thirty-five percent had not returned to pre-COVID-19 levels of PA one year after infection, representing a major public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth W Glace
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA -
| | - Ian J Kremenic
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel E Hogan
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Y Kwiecien
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malachy P McHUGH
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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Jiang T, Zhu K, Kang G, Wu G, Wang L, Tan Y. Infectious viruses and neurodegenerative diseases: The mitochondrial defect hypothesis. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2565. [PMID: 39031738 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Global attention is riveted on neurodegenerative diseases due to their unresolved aetiologies and lack of efficacious therapies. Two key factors implicated include mitochondrial impairment and microglial ageing. Several viral infections, including Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus, are linked to heightened risk of these disorders. Surprisingly, numerous studies indicate viruses induce these aforementioned precipitating events. Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis C Virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, HSV-1, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Zika virus and Enterovirus 71 specifically impact mitochondrial function, leading to mitochondrial malfunction. These vital organelles govern various cell activities and, under specific circumstances, trigger microglial ageing. This article explores the role of viral infections in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative ailments. Various viruses instigate microglial ageing via mitochondrial destruction, causing senescent microglia to exhibit activated behaviour, thereby inducing neuroinflammation and contributing to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Jiang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guangli Kang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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7
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Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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8
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Zhang L, Hu W, Li J, Li Y, Liu F, Xiao W, Jiang N, Xiao Z, Han L, Zhou W. Targeting NRP1 axis as a strategy for treating energy metabolism impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2568-4. [PMID: 38902449 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wanting Hu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuehan Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wenyi Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lu Han
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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9
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Ono R, Takayama S, Abe M, Arita R, Abe T, Ishii T. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Considered a Predictive Biomarker of Long COVID in Non-hospitalized Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e59433. [PMID: 38826986 PMCID: PMC11140824 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Mitochondria plays a regulatory role during infection. The association between mitokines and subsequent COVID progression has not been previously studied. The retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the potential of serum mitokines as long COVID biomarkers in non-hospitalized patients. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and blood test reports between January 2021 and April 2023 were included. Patients were categorized into two groups, the recovered and long COVID groups, based on fatigue, decline in focus, and pain. Serum levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), which are affected by mitochondrial function, along with inflammatory and vascular endothelium markers, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to screen the biomarkers. The threshold value of GDF-15 in the acute phase was 965 pg/mL (sensitivity: 71.4%, specificity: 83.3%), indicating that GDF-15 may be associated with the presence of symptoms three months post onset. No association with inflammatory markers and vascular structures was observed. Therefore, elevated GDF-15 levels in the acute phase may act as a predictive biomarker of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ono
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, JPN
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JPN
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10
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Igwe JK, Alaribe U. Cannabis use associated with lower mortality among hospitalized Covid-19 patients using the national inpatient sample: an epidemiological study. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:18. [PMID: 38582889 PMCID: PMC10998318 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior reports indicate that modulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may have a protective benefit for Covid-19 patients. However, associations between cannabis use (CU) or CU not in remission (active cannabis use (ACU)), and Covid-19-related outcomes among hospitalized patients is unknown. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective observational cohort analysis of adults (≥ 18 years-old) identified from 2020 National Inpatient Sample database, we utilize multivariable regression analyses and propensity score matching analysis (PSM) to analyze trends and outcomes among Covid-19-related hospitalizations with CU and without CU (N-CU) for primary outcome of interest: Covid-19-related mortality; and secondary outcomes: Covid-19-related hospitalization, mechanical ventilation (MV), and acute pulmonary embolism (PE) compared to all-cause admissions; for CU vs N-CU; and for ACU vs N-ACU. RESULTS There were 1,698,560 Covid-19-related hospitalizations which were associated with higher mortality (13.44% vs 2.53%, p ≤ 0.001) and worse secondary outcomes generally. Among all-cause hospitalizations, 1.56% of CU and 6.29% of N-CU were hospitalized with Covid-19 (p ≤ 0.001). ACU was associated with lower odds of MV, PE, and death among the Covid-19 population. On PSM, ACU(N(unweighted) = 2,382) was associated with 83.97% lower odds of death compared to others(N(unweighted) = 282,085) (2.77% vs 3.95%, respectively; aOR:0.16, [0.10-0.25], p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the ECS may represent a viable target for modulation of Covid-19. Additional studies are needed to further explore these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph-Kevin Igwe
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ugo Alaribe
- Caribbean Medical University School of Medicine, 5600 N River Rd Suite 800, Rosemont, IL, 60018, USA
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11
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Naidu AS, Wang CK, Rao P, Mancini F, Clemens RA, Wirakartakusumah A, Chiu HF, Yen CH, Porretta S, Mathai I, Naidu SAG. Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:19. [PMID: 38555403 PMCID: PMC10981760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satyanarayan Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA.
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA.
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1, Campus New Village, Longjiang Street, Fuqing City, Fujian, China
| | - Fabrizio Mancini
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President-Emeritus, Parker University, 2540 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX, 75229, USA
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy/D. K. Kim International Center for Regulatory & Quality Sciences, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP 140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Aman Wirakartakusumah
- International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Guelph, ON, Canada
- IPMI International Business School Jakarta; South East Asian Food and Agriculture Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health & Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sebastiano Porretta
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- President, Italian Association of Food Technology (AITA), Milan, Italy
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Department of Consumer Science, Viale Tanara 31/a, I-43121, Parma, Italy
| | - Issac Mathai
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- Soukya International Holistic Health Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sreus A G Naidu
- Global Nutrition Healthcare Council (GNHC) Mission-COVID, Yorba Linda, CA, USA
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, 232659 Via del Rio, Yorba Linda, CA, 92887, USA
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12
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Singh MS, Pyati A, Rubi RD, Subramanian R, Muley VY, Ansari MA, Yellaboina S. Systems-wide view of host-pathogen interactions across COVID-19 severities using integrated omics analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109087. [PMID: 38384846 PMCID: PMC10879696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms explaining the variability in COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild, moderate, and severe) are not fully understood. To identify key gene expression markers linked to disease severity, we employed an integrated approach, combining host-pathogen protein-protein interaction data and viral-induced host gene expression data. We analyzed an RNA-seq dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 12 projects representing the spectrum of disease severity. We identified genes showing differential expression across mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Enrichment analysis of the pathways in host proteins targeted by each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed a strong association with processes related to ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and translocation. Interestingly, most of these pathways and associated cellular machinery, including ribosomal biogenesis, ribosomal proteins, and translation, were upregulated in mild conditions but downregulated in severe cases. This suggests that COVID-19 exhibits a paradoxical host response, boosting host/viral translation in mild cases but slowing it in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairembam Stelin Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Pyati
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
| | - R. Devika Rubi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rajasekaran Subramanian
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Virology, SIST, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sailu Yellaboina
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
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13
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Chen TH, Wang HC, Chang CJ, Lee SY. Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1314. [PMID: 38279310 PMCID: PMC10816320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for providing energy to maintain cell viability. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from energy substrates to oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria also regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and deterioration. The flow of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to cells at high levels. Oxidative stress caused by ROS accumulation has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant cellular antioxidant that is primarily synthesized in the cytoplasm and delivered to the mitochondria. Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) metabolizes hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondria. A long-term imbalance in the ratio of mitochondrial ROS to mGSH can cause cell dysfunction, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which may lead to disease. This study aimed to review the physiological functions, anabolism, variations in organ tissue accumulation, and delivery of GSH to the mitochondria and the relationships between mGSH levels, the GSH/GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio, programmed cell death, and ferroptosis. We also discuss diseases caused by mGSH deficiency and related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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14
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Mantle D, Hargreaves IP, Domingo JC, Castro-Marrero J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:574. [PMID: 38203745 PMCID: PMC10779395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) encompasses a wide range of complex neuroimmune disorders of unknown causes characterised by disabling post-exertional fatigue, myalgia and joint pain, cognitive impairments, unrefreshing sleep, autonomic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It includes myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS); fibromyalgia (FM); and more recently post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID). To date, there are no definitive clinical case criteria and no FDA-approved pharmacological therapies for PVFS. Given the current lack of effective treatments, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders. Mitochondria, the cellular organelles responsible for tissue energy production, have recently garnered attention in research into PVFS due to their crucial role in cellular bioenergetic metabolism in these conditions. The accumulating literature has identified a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and low-grade systemic inflammation in ME/CFS, FM, and long COVID. To address this issue, this article aims to critically review the evidence relating to mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these disorders; in particular, it aims to evaluate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on chronic fatigue and pain symptoms as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PVFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mantle
- Pharma Nord (UK) Ltd., Morpeth, Northumberland NE61 2DB, UK
| | - Iain Parry Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jesus Castro-Marrero
- Research Unit in ME/CFS and Long COVID, Rheumatology Division, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Imirowicz I, Saifee A, Henry L, Tunkle L, Popescu A, Huang P, Jakpor J, Barbano A, Goru R, Gunawan A, Sicilia M, Ono M, Bao X, Lee I. Unique tRNA Fragment Upregulation with SARS-CoV-2 but Not with SARS-CoV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:399. [PMID: 38203569 PMCID: PMC10779308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlike other coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly infected the global population, with some suffering long-term effects. Thanks to extensive data on SARS-CoV-2 made available through global, multi-level collaborative research, investigators are getting closer to understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, using publicly available total and small RNAseq data of Calu3 cell lines, we conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in tRNA fragments (tRFs; regulatory small noncoding RNAs) in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infections. We found extensive upregulation of multiple tRFs in SARS-CoV-2 infection that was not present in SARS-CoV or other virus infections our group has studied. By comparing the total RNA changes in matching samples, we identified significant downregulation of TRDMT1 (tRNA methyltransferase), only in SARS-CoV-2 infection, a potential upstream event. We further found enriched neural functions among downregulated genes with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, theoretically predicted targets of the upregulated tRFs without considering mRNA expression data are also enriched in neural functions such as axon guidance. Based on a combination of expression data and theoretical calculations, we propose potential targets for tRFs. For example, among the mRNAs downregulated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (but not with SARS-CoV infection), SEMA3C is a theoretically calculated target of multiple upregulated tRFs and a ligand of NRP1, a SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Our analysis suggests that tRFs contribute to distinct neurological features seen in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azeem Saifee
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Leanne Henry
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Leo Tunkle
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | | | - Philip Huang
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Jibiana Jakpor
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- miRcore Volunteer Program, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 40104, USA
| | - Ava Barbano
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- miRcore Volunteer Program, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 40104, USA
| | - Rohit Goru
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | | | - Maria Sicilia
- miRcore Volunteer Program, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 40104, USA
| | - Mori Ono
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Inhan Lee
- Outreach Division, miRcore, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
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16
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Bustos-Viviescas BJ, Lozano Zapata RE, García Yerena CE. [Acid-base balance and long COVID: comments on metabolic-respiratory alterations]. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS 2023; 80:568-573. [PMID: 38150196 PMCID: PMC10851397 DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n4.42580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID is a multi-organ pathology with important sequelae that affect the health and welfare of survivors from the cellular bioenergetics, in this case, the importance of considering the acid-base balance within the processes of evaluation and treatment of long COVID by health and sports professionals was addressed, given that different investigations have found important modifications in mitochondrial function that result in ventilation failures, causing alterations in the compensation-decompensation of respiratory and renal pH control (metabolic-respiratory acidosis and alkalosis).
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17
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Noonong K, Chatatikun M, Surinkaew S, Kotepui M, Hossain R, Bunluepuech K, Noothong C, Tedasen A, Klangbud WK, Imai M, Kawakami F, Kubo M, Kitagawa Y, Ichikawa H, Kanekura T, Sukati S, Somsak V, Udomwech L, Ichikawa T, Nissapatorn V, Tangpong J, Indo HP, Majima HJ. Mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS storms in long COVID pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275001. [PMID: 38187378 PMCID: PMC10766822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Significance This review discusses the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology in the context of diabetes and intracellular reactions by COVID-19, including mitochondrial oxidative stress storms, mitochondrial ROS storms, and long COVID. Recent advances The long COVID is suffered in ~10% of the COVID-19 patients. Even the virus does not exist, the patients suffer the long COVID for even over a year, This disease could be a mitochondria dysregulation disease. Critical issues Patients who recover from COVID-19 can develop new or persistent symptoms of multi-organ complications lasting weeks or months, called long COVID. The underlying mechanisms involved in the long COVID is still unclear. Once the symptoms of long COVID persist, they cause significant damage, leading to numerous, persistent symptoms. Future directions A comprehensive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms related to long COVID and effective drugs to treat and prevent it are required, which will aid the development of future long COVID treatments and symptom relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwadee Noonong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Moragot Chatatikun
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Manas Kotepui
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Rahni Hossain
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Chanittha Noothong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Aman Tedasen
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Motoki Imai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kawakami
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Health Administration, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suriyan Sukati
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Voravuth Somsak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Lunla Udomwech
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Hiroko P. Indo
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Amanogawa Galaxy Astronomy Research Center, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Engineering, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J. Majima
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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18
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Gilis J, Perin L, Malfait M, Van den Berge K, Takele Assefa A, Verbist B, Risso D, Clement L. Differential detection workflows for multi-sample single-cell RNA-seq data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.17.572043. [PMID: 38187695 PMCID: PMC10769270 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.17.572043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In single-cell transcriptomics, differential gene expression (DE) analyses typically focus on testing differences in the average expression of genes between cell types or conditions of interest. Single-cell transcriptomics, however, also has the promise to prioritise genes for which the expression differ in other aspects of the distribution. Here we develop a workflow for assessing differential detection (DD), which tests for differences in the average fraction of samples or cells in which a gene is detected. After benchmarking eight different DD data analysis strategies, we provide a unified workflow for jointly assessing DE and DD. Using simulations and two case studies, we show that DE and DD analysis provide complementary information, both in terms of the individual genes they report and in the functional interpretation of those genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Gilis
- These authors contributed equally
- Applied Mathematics, Computer science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Flemish Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Laura Perin
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Milan Malfait
- Applied Mathematics, Computer science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Berge
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Johnson and Johnson Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alemu Takele Assefa
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Johnson and Johnson Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bie Verbist
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Johnson and Johnson Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padua Center for Network Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lieven Clement
- Applied Mathematics, Computer science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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19
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Oscoz-Ochandorena S, García-Alonso Y, García-Alonso N, Legarra-Gorgoñon G, Oteiza J, Lorea AE, Izquierdo M, Correa-Rodríguez M. Maximal oxidative capacity during exercise is associated with muscle power output in patients with long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome. A moderation analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:253-262. [PMID: 38057014 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long COVID syndrome (LCS) involves persistent symptoms experienced by many patients after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess skeletal muscle energy metabolism, which is closely related to substrate oxidation rates during exercise, in patients with LCS compared with healthy controls. We also examined whether muscle power output mediates the relationship between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle energy metabolism. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 patients with LCS and 63 healthy controls. We assessed clinical characteristics such as body composition, physical activity, and muscle strength. We used cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate substrate oxidation rates during graded exercise. We performed statistical analyses to compare group characteristics and peak fat oxidation differences based on power output. RESULTS The two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results, adjusted for covariates, showed that the patients with LCS had lower absolute maximal fatty acid oxidation (MFO), relative MFO/fat free mass (FFM), absolute carbohydrates oxidation (CHox), relative CHox/FFM, and oxygen uptake (V˙˙O2) at maximum fat oxidation (g min-1) than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moderation analysis indicated that muscle power output significantly influenced the relationship between LCS and reduced peak fat oxidation (interaction β = -0.105 [95% confidence interval -0.174; -0.036]; P = 0.026). Therefore, when muscle power output was below 388 W, the effect of the LCS on MFO was significant (62% in our study sample P = 0.010). These findings suggest compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics and muscle function, represented by lower peak fat oxidation rates, in the patients with LCS compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION The patients with LCS had lower peak fat oxidation during exercise compared with the healthy controls, potentially indicating impairment in skeletal muscle function. The relationship between peak fat oxidation and LCS appears to be mediated predominantly by muscle power output. Additional research should continue investigating LCS pathogenesis and the functional role of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Oscoz-Ochandorena
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yesenia García-Alonso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nora García-Alonso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julio Oteiza
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Ernaga Lorea
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutricion. Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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20
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Sánchez A, García-Pardo G, Gómez-Bertomeu F, López-Dupla M, Foguet-Romero E, Buzón MJ, Almirante B, Olona M, Fernández-Veledo S, Vidal F, Chafino S, Rull A, Peraire J. Mitochondrial dysfunction, lipids metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis are key pathways for COVID-19 recovery. iScience 2023; 26:107948. [PMID: 37810253 PMCID: PMC10551651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection reflect disease progression. To analyze molecules involved in these metabolic changes, a multiomics study was performed using plasma from 103 patients with different degrees of COVID-19 severity during the evolution of the infection. With the increased severity of COVID-19, changes in circulating proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles increased. Notably, the group of severe and critical patients with high HRG and ChoE (20:3) and low alpha-ketoglutaric acid levels had a high chance of unfavorable disease evolution (AUC = 0.925). Consequently, patients with the worst prognosis presented alterations in the TCA cycle (mitochondrial dysfunction), lipid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and coagulation. Our findings increase knowledge regarding how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects different metabolic pathways and help in understanding the future consequences of COVID-19 to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Graciano García-Pardo
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fréderic Gómez-Bertomeu
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel López-Dupla
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Maria José Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (VHIR) Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benito Almirante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Olona
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Chafino
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - for the COVIDOMICS Study Group
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII (HJ23), Tarragona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnologic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, (VHIR) Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Shoraka S, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, Zali MR. Comparison of plasma mitochondrial DNA copy number in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1256042. [PMID: 37869674 PMCID: PMC10587688 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death, have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Studies have suggested several possible factors, which may affect the clinical outcome of COVID-19. A pro-inflammatory state and impaired antiviral response have been suggested as major contributing factors in severe COVID-19. Considering that mitochondria have an important role in regulating the immune responses to pathogens, pro-inflammatory signaling, and cell death, it has received much attention in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent studies have demonstrated that high levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) are associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. However, there have been few studies on cf-mtDNA in SARS-CoV-2 infection, mainly focusing on critically ill COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we investigated cf-mtDNA copy number in COVID-19 patients and compared between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, and assessed the clinical values. We also determined the cf-nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) copy number and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA level in the studied groups. Materials and methods Plasma and buffy coat samples were collected from 37 COVID-19 patients and 33 controls. Briefly, after total DNA extraction, plasma cf-mtDNA, and cf-nDNA copy numbers were measured by absolute qPCR using a standard curve method. Furthermore, after total RNA extraction from buffy coat and cDNA synthesis, TFAM mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. Results The results showed that cf-mtDNA levels in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were statistically significantly higher than in symptomatic cases (p value = 0.01). However, cf-nDNA levels were higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic cases (p value = 0.00). There was no significant difference between TFAM levels in the buffy coat of these two groups (p value > 0.05). Also, cf-mtDNA levels showed good diagnostic potential in COVID-19 subgroups. Conclusion cf-mtDNA is probably important in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its role in inflammation and immune response. It can also be a promising candidate biomarker for the diagnosis of COVID-19 subgroups. Further investigation will help understanding the COVID-19 pathophysiology and effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shoraka
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Hansen KS, Jørgensen SE, Skouboe MK, Agergaard J, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Vibholm LK, Tolstrup M, Østergaard L, Leth S, Mogensen TH. Examination of autoantibodies to type I interferon in patients suffering from long COVID. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29089. [PMID: 37698062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) is an emerging global health concern. The underlying mechanism and pathophysiology remain unclear. Presence of neutralizing autoantibodies against type 1 interferons (IFN) has been established as a predictor of critical COVID-19. We hypothesized that persistent autoimmune activity with autoantibodies against type 1 IFN may contribute to symptoms in patients with LC. Plasma samples and clinical information were obtained from a Danish LC cohort consisting of adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Information on symptoms and quality of life was derived from an LC-specific questionnaire and the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Detection of type 1 IFN autoantibodies in plasma were performed by ELISA. Samples collected between June, 2020, and September, 2021, from 279 patients were analyzed and compared to a control group of 94 individuals with prior mild SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not develop LC symptoms. In total, five LC patients (1.8%) and 3 (3.2%) of the controls had detectable circulating type 1 IFN autoantibodies. Collectively, prevalence of autoantibodies against type 1 IFN subtypes in our LC cohort were primarily driven by men and did not exceed the prevalence in controls. Thus, in our cohort, anti-type I IFN autoantibodies are unlikely to drive LC symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Skaalum Hansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofie Eg Jørgensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Kelder Skouboe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane Agergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Berit Schiøttz-Christensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Leth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Internal Medicine, Gødstrup Regional Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Chen TB, Chang CM, Yang CC, Tsai IJ, Wei CY, Yang HW, Yang CP. Neuroimmunological Effect of Vitamin D on Neuropsychiatric Long COVID Syndrome: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3802. [PMID: 37686834 PMCID: PMC10490318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is now recognized as a multiorgan disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. A substantial proportion of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 are experiencing persistent, prolonged, and often incapacitating sequelae, collectively referred to as long COVID. To date, definitive diagnostic criteria for long COVID diagnosis remain elusive. An emerging public health threat is neuropsychiatric long COVID, encompassing a broad range of manifestations, such as sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, brain fog, and fatigue. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric complications of long COVID are presently not fully elucidated, neural cytolytic effects, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular compromise, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thrombosis, hypoxia, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and provoked neurodegeneration are pathophysiologically linked to long-term neuropsychiatric consequences, in addition to systemic hyperinflammation and maladaptation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid, is a potent immunomodulatory hormone with potential beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory responses, neuroprotection, monoamine neurotransmission, BBB integrity, vasculometabolic functions, gut microbiota, and telomere stability in different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, acting through both genomic and nongenomic pathways. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the potential mechanisms and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric long COVID syndrome and the plausible neurological contributions of vitamin D in mitigating the effects of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ju Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, HungKuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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24
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Shoraka S, Samarasinghe AE, Ghaemi A, Mohebbi SR. Host mitochondria: more than an organelle in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228275. [PMID: 37692170 PMCID: PMC10485703 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the world has been facing viral pandemic called COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) caused by a new beta-coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, or SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients may present with a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to requiring intensive care support. The severe form of COVID-19 is often marked by an altered immune response and cytokine storm. Advanced age, age-related and underlying diseases, including metabolic syndromes, appear to contribute to increased COVID-19 severity and mortality suggesting a role for mitochondria in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, since the immune system is associated with mitochondria and its damage-related molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), the host mitochondrial system may play an important role during viral infections. Viruses have evolved to modulate the immune system and mitochondrial function for survival and proliferation, which in turn could lead to cellular stress and contribute to disease progression. Recent studies have focused on the possible roles of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been suggested that mitochondrial hijacking by SARS-CoV-2 could be a key factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondria in viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infection based on past and present knowledge. Paying attention to the role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection will help to better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to achieve effective methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shoraka
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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