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Villar-Álvarez D, Leastro MO, Pallas V, Sánchez-Navarro JÁ. Identification of Host Factors Interacting with Movement Proteins of the 30K Family in Nicotiana tabacum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12251. [PMID: 39596316 PMCID: PMC11595209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of viral proteins with host factors represents a crucial aspect of the infection process in plants. In this work, we developed a strategy to identify host factors in Nicotiana tabacum that interact with movement proteins (MPs) of the 30K family, a group of viral proteins around 30 kDa related to the MP of tobacco mosaic virus, which enables virus movement between plant cells. Using the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) MP as a model, we incorporated tags into its coding sequence, without affecting its functionality, enabling the identification of 121 potential interactors through in vivo immunoprecipitation of the tagged MP. Further analysis of five selected candidates (histone 2B (H2B), actin, 14-3-3A protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (elF4A), and a peroxidase-POX-) were conducted using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The interactions between these factors were also studied, revealing that some form part of protein complexes associated with AMV MP. Moreover, H2B, actin, 14-3-3, and eIF4A interacted with other MPs of the 30K family. This observation suggests that, beyond functional and structural features, 30K family MPs may share common interactors. Our results demonstrate that tagging 30K family MPs is an effective strategy to identify host factors associated with these proteins during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Ángel Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-CISC, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (D.V.-Á.); (M.O.L.); (V.P.)
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Xu J, Fan S, Zhu N, Meng Q, Dai S, Yuan X. Cross-Kingdom RNA Transport Based on Extracellular Vesicles Provides Innovative Tools for Plant Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2712. [PMID: 39409582 PMCID: PMC11479161 DOI: 10.3390/plants13192712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) shows great potential in plant defense against pathogens through RNA-mediated sequence-specific gene silencing. Among RNAi-based plant protection strategies, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is considered a more promising approach because it utilizes the transfer of exogenous RNA between plants and microbes to silence target pathogen genes. The application of nanovesicles significantly enhances RNA stability and delivery efficiency, thereby improving the effectiveness of SIGS and further enhancing plant resistance to diseases and pathogens. This review explores the role of RNAi in plant protection, focusing on the cross-kingdom transport of small RNAs (sRNAs) via extracellular vesicles. It also explores the potential of nanotechnology to further optimize RNA-based plant protection, offering innovative tools and methods in modern plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.X.); (S.F.); (N.Z.); (Q.M.); (S.D.)
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Khalifa ME, Ayllón MA, Rodriguez Coy L, Plummer KM, Gendall AR, Chooi KM, van Kan JAL, MacDiarmid RM. Mycologists and Virologists Align: Proposing Botrytis cinerea for Global Mycovirus Studies. Viruses 2024; 16:1483. [PMID: 39339959 PMCID: PMC11437445 DOI: 10.3390/v16091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are highly genetically diverse and can significantly change their fungal host's phenotype, yet they are generally under-described in genotypic and biological studies. We propose Botrytis cinerea as a model mycovirus system in which to develop a deeper understanding of mycovirus epidemiology including diversity, impact, and the associated cellular biology of the host and virus interaction. Over 100 mycoviruses have been described in this fungal host. B. cinerea is an ideal model fungus for mycovirology as it has highly tractable characteristics-it is easy to culture, has a worldwide distribution, infects a wide range of host plants, can be transformed and gene-edited, and has an existing depth of biological resources including annotated genomes, transcriptomes, and isolates with gene knockouts. Focusing on a model system for mycoviruses will enable the research community to address deep research questions that cannot be answered in a non-systematic manner. Since B. cinerea is a major plant pathogen, new insights may have immediate utility as well as creating new knowledge that complements and extends the knowledge of mycovirus interactions in other fungi, alone or with their respective plant hosts. In this review, we set out some of the critical steps required to develop B. cinerea as a model mycovirus system and how this may be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)/Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Rodriguez Coy
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kim M Plummer
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony R Gendall
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Jan A L van Kan
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Atabekova AK, Lazareva EA, Lezzhov AA, Golyshev SA, Skulachev BI, Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Defense Responses Induced by Viral Movement Protein and Its Nuclear Localization Modulate Virus Cell-to-Cell Transport. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2550. [PMID: 39339524 PMCID: PMC11435296 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Movement proteins (MPs) encoded by plant viruses are essential for cell-to-cell transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata. The genome of hibiscus green spot virus contains a module of two MP genes termed 'binary movement block' (BMB), encoding the proteins BMB1 and BMB2. Here, BMB1 is shown to induce a defense response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants that inhibits BMB-dependent virus transport. This response is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition in the cell wall, and upregulation of 9-LOX expression. However, the BMB1-induced response is inhibited by coexpression with BMB2. Furthermore, BMB1 is found to localize to subnuclear structures, in particular to Cajal bodies, in addition to the cytoplasm. As shown in experiments with a BMB1 mutant, the localization of BMB1 to nuclear substructures enhances BMB-dependent virus transport. Thus, the virus transport mediated by BMB proteins is modulated by (i) a BMB1-induced defense response that inhibits transport, (ii) suppression of the BMB1-induced response by BMB2, and (iii) the nuclear localization of BMB1 that promotes virus transport. Collectively, the data presented demonstrate multiple levels of interactions between viral pathogens and their plant hosts during virus cell-to-cell transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrey G. Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.A.); (E.A.L.); (A.A.L.); (S.A.G.); (B.I.S.); (S.Y.M.)
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Mukherjee S, Verma A, Kong L, Rengan AK, Cahill DM. Advancements in Green Nanoparticle Technology: Focusing on the Treatment of Clinical Phytopathogens. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1082. [PMID: 39334849 PMCID: PMC11430415 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogenic microbial infections pose a significant danger to human health, which forces people to use riskier, more expensive, and less effective drugs compared to traditional treatments. These may be attributed to several factors, such as overusing antibiotics in medicine and lack of sanitization in hospital settings. In this context, researchers are looking for new options to combat this worrying condition and find a solution. Nanoparticles are currently being utilized in the pharmaceutical sector; however, there is a persistent worry regarding their potential danger to human health due to the usage of toxic chemicals, which makes the utilization of nanoparticles highly hazardous to eukaryotic cells. Multiple nanoparticle-based techniques are now being developed, offering essential understanding regarding the synthesis of components that play a crucial role in producing anti-microbial nanotherapeutic pharmaceuticals. In this regard, green nanoparticles are considered less hazardous than other forms, providing potential options for avoiding the extensive harm to the human microbiome that is prevalent with existing procedures. This review article aims to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge on green nanoparticles related to antibiotic activity as well as their potential to assist antibiotics in treating opportunistic clinical phytopathogenic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Anamika Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - David Miles Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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Lukhovitskaya N, Brown K, Hua L, Pate AE, Carr JP, Firth AE. A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012034. [PMID: 38814986 PMCID: PMC11166343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), and (in some ilarvirus subgroups) a protein that suppresses RNA silencing. Here we report that, in many ilarviruses, RNA3 encodes an additional protein (termed CP-RT) as a result of ribosomal readthrough of the CP stop codon into a short downstream readthrough (RT) ORF. Using asparagus virus 2 as a model, we find that CP-RT is expressed in planta where it functions as a weak suppressor of RNA silencing. CP-RT expression is essential for persistent systemic infection in leaves and shoot apical meristem. CP-RT function is dependent on a putative zinc-finger motif within RT. Replacing the asparagus virus 2 RT with the RT of an ilarvirus from a different subgroup restored the ability to establish persistent infection. These findings open up a new avenue for research on ilarvirus silencing suppression, persistent meristem invasion and vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukhovitskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne E. Pate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Stone AL, Damsteegt VD, Smith OP, Stewart LR. Global phylogenetic analysis of soybean dwarf virus isolates and their associations with aphid vectors and severe disease in soybeans. Virology 2024; 591:109984. [PMID: 38242060 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was first described in Japan as an agent of severe soybean disease transmitted by the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani, with separable yellowing (Y) and dwarfing (D) strains. SbDV of both Y and D genotypes were later documented in other countries. For three decades, SbDV isolates were assessed to evaluate risk to U.S. soybean production. U.S. SbDV isolates were transmitted by the pea aphid Acyrthosiphum pisum and showed limited disease in soybeans, suggesting it was not a major threat to U.S. soybean production. Here we report 21 new full-length SbDV genome sequences including those of the originally described Japanese Y and D isolates, isolates from Syria and New Zealand associated with severe disease, and 17 isolates from U.S. field collections. Using these new full-length genomes, a global phylogeny was assembled and used to revisit risk assessment based on sequence similarities, isolate pathogenicity, and vector specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Stone
- USDA, ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vernon D Damsteegt
- USDA, ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Oney P Smith
- Department of Biology, Hood College, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Lucy R Stewart
- USDA, ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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8
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Abrahamian P, Grinstead S, Kinard GR, Goenaga R, Rott P, Mollov D. Complete sequence and genome characterization of miscanthus virus M, a new betaflexivirus from Miscanthus sp. Arch Virol 2024; 169:27. [PMID: 38214767 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel betaflexivirus, tentatively named "miscanthus virus M" (MiVM), was isolated from Miscanthus sp. The complete genome of MiVM is 7,388 nt in length (excluding the poly(A) tail). It contains five open reading frames and has a genome organization similar to those of members of the families Alphaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae (subfamily Quinvirinae). The amino acid sequences of both the replicase and coat protein shared less than 45% identity with the corresponding sequences of members of either family. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that MiVM belongs to the family Betaflexiviridae and subfamily Quinvirinae but it was too distantly related to be included in any currently recognized genus in this family. We therefore propose that miscanthus virus M represents a new species and a new genus in the family Betaflexiviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Abrahamian
- USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Samuel Grinstead
- USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
- USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Gary R Kinard
- USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo Goenaga
- USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, PR, USA
| | - Philippe Rott
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- USDA-ARS National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
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Breves SS, Silva FA, Euclydes NC, Saia TFF, Jean-Baptiste J, Andrade Neto ER, Fontes EPB. Begomovirus-Host Interactions: Viral Proteins Orchestrating Intra and Intercellular Transport of Viral DNA While Suppressing Host Defense Mechanisms. Viruses 2023; 15:1593. [PMID: 37515277 PMCID: PMC10384534 DOI: 10.3390/v15071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses, which belong to the Geminiviridae family, are intracellular parasites transmitted by whiteflies to dicotyledonous plants thatsignificantly damage agronomically relevant crops. These nucleus-replicating DNA viruses move intracellularly from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and then, like other plant viruses, cause disease by spreading systemically throughout the plant. The transport proteins of begomoviruses play a crucial role in recruiting host components for the movement of viral DNA within and between cells, while exhibiting functions that suppress the host's immune defense. Pioneering studies on species of the Begomovirus genus have identified specific viral transport proteins involved in intracellular transport, cell-to-cell movement, and systemic spread. Recent research has primarily focused on viral movement proteins and their interactions with the cellular host transport machinery, which has significantly expanded understanding on viral infection pathways. This review focuses on three components within this context: (i) the role of viral transport proteins, specifically movement proteins (MPs) and nuclear shuttle proteins (NSPs), (ii) their ability to recruit host factors for intra- and intercellular viral movement, and (iii) the suppression of antiviral immunity, with a particular emphasis on bipartite begomoviral movement proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmera S Breves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fredy A Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Nívea C Euclydes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Thainá F F Saia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - James Jean-Baptiste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugenio R Andrade Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Bioagro, National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570.000, MG, Brazil
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