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Xu MZ, Li YT, Cao CQ. Physiological and gene expression responses of Protohermes xanthodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) larvae to imidacloprid. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:46. [PMID: 39249498 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Megaloptera larvae are important bioindicator species and potential resource insects. To further cultivate their economic role, their living environment must be examined in more detail. In this study, we analyzed the physiological and biochemical effects of a sublethal dose of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, on the larvae of Protohermes xanthodes. After treatment with imidacloprid, P. xanthodes larvae exhibited clear symptoms of poisoning, including the head curling up toward the ventral surface. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited following exposure. The activities of glutathione S-transferases initially continuously increased but showed a slight decrease after 8 days. Catalase activity initially increased and then decreased following imidacloprid treatment; superoxide dismutase activity fluctuated over time, and peroxidase activity continuously increased. The expression levels of HSP70s genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. These results indicate that P. xanthodes larvae exhibit a toxic response to imidacloprid exposure, manifested as oxidative stress, as observed through behavioral and physiological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Zhou Xu
- College of Fisher and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- College of Fisher and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Quan Cao
- College of Fisher and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
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Ding X, Du B, Lu L, Lin K, Sa R, Gao Y, Guo J, Wang N, Huang W. Combining the Optimized Maximum Entropy Model to Detect Key Factors in the Occurrence of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus in the Typical Grasslands of Central and Eastern Inner Mongolia. INSECTS 2024; 15:488. [PMID: 39057221 PMCID: PMC11276687 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Grasshoppers pose a significant threat to both natural grassland vegetation and crops. Therefore, comprehending the relationship between environmental factors and grasshopper occurrence is of paramount importance. This study integrated machine learning models (Maxent) using the kuenm package to screen MaxEnt models for grasshopper species selection, while simultaneously fitting remote sensing data of major grasshopper breeding areas in Inner Mongolia, China. It investigated the spatial distribution and key factors influencing the occurrence of typical grasshopper species in grassland ecosystems. The modelling results indicate that a typical steppe has a larger suitable area. The soil type, above biomass, altitude, and temperature, predominantly determine the grasshopper occurrence in typical steppes. This study explicitly delineates the disparate impacts of key environmental factors (meteorology, vegetation, soil, and topography) on grasshopper occurrence in typical steppes. Furthermore, it provides a methodology to guide early warning and precautions for grasshopper pest prevention. The findings of this study will be instrumental in formulating future management measures to guarantee grass ecological environment security and the sustainable development of grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ding
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China; (X.D.); (B.D.); (K.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Bobo Du
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China; (X.D.); (B.D.); (K.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Longhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (L.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Kejian Lin
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China; (X.D.); (B.D.); (K.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Rina Sa
- XilinGol Grassland National Nature Reserve Administration, XilinGol 026000, China;
| | - Yang Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China;
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (L.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China; (X.D.); (B.D.); (K.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Wenjiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; (L.L.); (J.G.)
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Song L, Yu C, Li W, Liu L, Sun Q, Liu H, Wang S. Differential Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Functional Analysis of Pyridaben-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) under High Temperature Stress. INSECTS 2024; 15:381. [PMID: 38921096 PMCID: PMC11204104 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) has caused serious economic losses on some crops (soybean, corn, and cotton) in China, and has developed resistance to most acaricides. Our laboratory study found that T. truncatus was resistant to pyridaben and also adapted to high temperature (34-40 °C). High temperature stress may cause arthropods to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzymes, as the main antioxidants, can reduce the damage caused by excessive ROS in arthropods. In order to study the adaptation mechanism of the pyridaben-resistant strain of T. truncatus to high temperature and the role of antioxidant enzyme genes under high temperature stress, four antioxidant enzyme genes, TtSOD, TtPOD3, TtPOD4, and TtGSTs2, were screened according to the transcriptome sequencing data of pyridaben-susceptible and -resistant strains in T. truncatus. Firstly, the phylogeny and structure analyses of these four genes were carried out. Then, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology was used to analyze the gene expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes in two strains of T. truncatus at three different high temperature ranges (34 °C, 38 °C, and 42 °C). The results showed that the expression levels of four antioxidant enzyme genes of two strains of T. truncatus were induced by high temperature stress, and the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes were significantly different in each development state. The gene expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in resistant strains at the adult stage was significantly higher than that in susceptible strains. After the TtSOD and TtPOD4 genes of adult mites of the resistant strain were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the mortality rate of mites with TtPOD4 gene silencing reached 41.11% after 96 h at 34 °C, which was significantly higher than that of the control and TtSOD gene silencing. It has been confirmed that the TtPOD4 gene plays a key role in the adaptation of pyridaben-resistant strain of T. truncatus to high temperature. It lays a theoretical foundation for revealing the thermal adaptation mechanism of T. truncatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Song
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Zhu T, Li W, Xue H, Dong S, Wang J, Shang S, Dewer Y. Selection, Identification, and Transcript Expression Analysis of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Neoseiulus barkeri after Short-Term Heat Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1998. [PMID: 38001851 PMCID: PMC10669032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus barkeri is a crucial biological control agent utilized to control pest mites and many insects in crops all over the world. However, they are vulnerable to multiple environmental pressures, with high-temperature stress being the most significant challenge. Heat stress disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in organisms, resulting in oxidative stress within the body. Antioxidant enzymes play a crucial role in effectively neutralizing and clearing ROS. In this study, comparative transcriptomics and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were employed to assess the impact of short-term heat stress on the transcript expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in N. barkeri. We primarily identified four antioxidant enzyme genes (NbSOD, NbPrx, NbCAT, and NbGPX) in N. barkeri after exposure to short-term heat stress. Then, new data on the expression patterns of these genes were generated. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that NbSOD belongs to the Fe/Mn family of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which was identified as MnSOD. NbPrx was classified as a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin of the peroxidase family, whereas NbCAT was recognized as a classical catalase, and NbGPX was determined as cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1). Transcriptional expression analysis of these four genes was conducted at different high temperatures: 36 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C for 2, 4, and 6 h. The results also showed that all four genes exhibited significant up-regulation in response to short-term heat stress. Similarly, the highest expression levels for NbSOD, NbPrx, and NbCAT were observed at 40 °C for 4 h. However, NbGPX displayed its maximum expression value at 38 °C for 4 h. Overall, the obtained data suggest that short-term heat stress increases levels of ROS generated inside living organisms, which disrupts the oxidative balance and leads to alterations in the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (H.X.); (S.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Weizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - He Xue
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (H.X.); (S.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Shibo Dong
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (H.X.); (S.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (H.X.); (S.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Suqin Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (H.X.); (S.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Differences in Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Black Bean Aphid Morphs ( Aphis fabae Scop.) Fed on the Primary Host Viburnum opulus L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122476. [PMID: 36552684 PMCID: PMC9774543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the level of oxidative stress markers-superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the black bean aphid occurring on the primary host (viburnum plants) were studied. Among the aphid morphs, the lowest contents of O2-, H2O2 and MDA were noted for winged adults (alatae), which were also characterized by the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes. These metabolic features indicate the adaptation of winged morphs to the colonization of new host plants. During spring migration, an increase in the content of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities in wingless females (fundatrigeniae) was observed. The significance of the biochemical adaptation of the black bean aphid to its winter host is discussed.
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Amjad T, Afsheen S, Iqbal T. Nanocidal Effect of Rice Husk-Based Silver Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Enzymes of Aphid. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4855-4864. [PMID: 34994949 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant-based extracts is momentously used in different fields of science because of their environment-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using rice husk (non-toxic agricultural by-product) to determine their efficacy against aphid's (Sitobion avanae) mortality and antioxidant enzymes. UV-VIS spectroscopy of synthesized nanoparticles showed the maximum absorption peak at 440 nm, FTIR exhibited different peaks, and SEM confirmed the roughly spherical shape and 70-80 nm size of silver nanoparticles. Aphids were reared on wheat seedlings in the laboratory at 20-25 °C and 16:8 (light:dark) photoperiod. Insecticidal bioassays were conducted on aphids at three different concentrations (200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm) of nanoparticles for 2 days. Results showed the highest mortality of aphids being 93.3% at 600 ppm nanoparticle concentration after 2 days while the lowest mortality was observed at 200 ppm. Furthermore, the effect of silver nanoparticles on antioxidant enzymes was studied. Results of enzyme assays revealed that enzyme activities of catalase and glutathione-s-transferase increased in response to increased nanoparticle concentration. The current findings suggested that silver nanoparticles have probation for replacing commercially available insecticides for combating pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Amjad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afsheen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
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Khurshid A, Inayat R, Tamkeen A, Ul Haq I, Li C, Boamah S, Zhou JJ, Liu C. Antioxidant Enzymes and Heat-Shock Protein Genes of Green Peach Aphid ( Myzus persicae) Under Short-Time Heat Stress. Front Physiol 2022; 12:805509. [PMID: 34975546 PMCID: PMC8718642 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.805509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of insect pests under fluctuating temperatures has become an interesting area of study due to their ability to stimulate defense mechanisms against heat stress. Therefore, understanding insect’s physiological and molecular response to heat stress is of paramount importance for pest management. Aphids are ectothermic organisms capable of surviving in different climatic conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of short-time heat stress on green peach aphid Myzus persicae under controlled conditions. In this study, short-time heat stress treatments at different temperatures 27, 30, 33, and 36°C with exposure times of 1, 3, 6, and 10 h, respectively, on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and oxidants, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were determined. The results showed that the short-time heat stress significantly increased the content of MDA of M. persicae by 71, 78, 81, and 86% at 36°C for the exposure times of 1, 3, 6, and 10 h, respectively, compared with control. The content of H2O2 increased by 75, 80, 85, and 88% at 36°C for the exposure times of 1, 3, 6, and 10 h, respectively, compared with the control. The SOD, POD, and CAT activities increased by 61, 76, and 77% for 1 h, 72, 83, and 84% for 3 h, 80, 85, and 86% for 6 h, and 87, 87.6, and 88% for 10 h at 36°C, respectively, compared with control. Again, under short-time heat stress, the transcription levels of Hsp22, Hsp23, Hsp27, SOD, POD, and CAT genes were upregulated compared with control. Our results suggest that M. persicae increased the enzymatic antioxidant activity and heat-shock gene expression as one of the defensive mechanisms in response to heat stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroosa Khurshid
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rehan Inayat
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ansa Tamkeen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Solomon Boamah
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Transcriptomic and metabolomic changes triggered by Macrosiphum rosivorum in rose (Rosa longicuspis). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:885. [PMID: 34886808 PMCID: PMC8656021 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rose is one of the most popular flowers in the wold. Its field growth and quality are negatively affected by aphids. However, the defence mechanisms used by rose plants against aphids are unclear. Therefore, to understand the defence mechanism of rose under aphid stress, transcriptome and metabolome techniques were used to investigate the regulation mechanism in R. longicuspis infected with M. rosivorum. RESULT In our study, after inoculation with M. rosivorum, M. rosivorum quickly colonized R. longicuspis. A total of 34,202 genes and 758 metabolites were detected in all samples. Under M. rosivorum stress, R. longicuspis responded by MAPK cascades, plant hormone signal transduction pathway activation, RlMYBs and RlERFs transcription factors expression and ROS production. Interestingly, the 'brassinosteroid biosynthesis' pathway was significantly enriched in A3 d-vs.-A5 d. Further analysis showed that M. rosivorum induced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, tannins and phenolic acids, among others. Importantly, the 'glutathione metabolic' and 'glucosinolate biosynthesis' pathways were significantly enriched, which involved in the rose against aphids. CONCLUSION Our study provides candidate genes and metabolites for Rosa defence against aphids. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of rose aphid resistance and aphid resistance breeding in the future.
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Chen TC, Chao HR, Wu CY, Lai YR, Chen CH, Yoshioka T, Hsu WL, Tsai MH. Effect of 9,12-Octadecadiynoic Acid on Neurobehavioral Development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168917. [PMID: 34445623 PMCID: PMC8396327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk lipids have major beneficial effects: they promote infant early brain development, growth and health. To identify the relationship between human breast milk lipids and infant neurodevelopment, multivariate analyses that combined lipidomics and psychological Bayley-III scales evaluation were utilized. We identified that 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid has a significantly positive correlation with infant adaptive behavioral development, which is a crucial neurodevelopment to manage risk from environmental stress. To further clarify the biological function of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid in regulating neurodevelopment, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model to investigate the effect of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid on neurobehavioral development. Supplementation with 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid from the L1 to L4 stage in larvae affected locomotive behaviors and foraging ability that were not socially interactive, implying that 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid is involved in regulating the serotonergic neuronal ability. We found that supplementary 0.1 μM 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid accelerated the locomotive ability and foraging ability via increasing the expression of serotonin transporter mod-1. Antioxidant defense genes, sod-1, sod-3 and cyp-35A2 are involved in 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid-induced motor neuronal activity. Nevertheless, supplementary 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid at concentrations above 1 μM significantly attenuated locomotive behaviors, foraging ability, serotonin synthesis, serotonin-related gene expressions and stress-related gene expression, resulting in the decreased longevity of worms in the experiment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the biological function of 9,12-octadecadiynoic acid in governing adaptive behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No 261, Wenhua 1st Rd, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- New York Heart Research Foundation, 200 Old Country Road, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshioka
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (M.-H.T.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-R.L.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Child Care, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No.1, Shuefu Road, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (M.-H.T.)
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Durak R, Dampc J, Kula-Maximenko M, Mołoń M, Durak T. Changes in Antioxidative, Oxidoreductive and Detoxification Enzymes during Development of Aphids and Temperature Increase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1181. [PMID: 34439429 PMCID: PMC8388978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature, being the main factor that has an influence on insects, causes changes in their development, reproduction, winter survival, life cycles, migration timing, and population dynamics. The effects of stress caused by a temperature increase on insects may depend on many factors, such as the frequency, amplitude, duration of the stress, sex, or the developmental stage of the insect. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the enzymatic activity of nymphs and adult aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum rosae and Cinara cupressi, and changes in their response to a temperature increase from 20 to 28 °C. The activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid tissues was analysed for three constant temperatures. The results of our research showed that the enzymatic activity of aphids (measured as the activity of antioxidant, detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes) was mainly determined by the type of morph. We observed a strong positive correlation between the activity of the detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes and aphids' development, and a negative correlation between the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and aphids' development. Moreover, the study showed that an increase in temperature caused changes in enzyme activity (especially SOD, CAT and β-glucosidase), which was highest at 28 °C, in both nymphs and adults. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between metabolic activity (heat flow measured by microcalorimeter) and longevity was observed, which confirmed the relationship between these characteristics of aphids. The antioxidant enzyme system is more efficient in aphid nymphs, and during aphid development the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases. The antioxidant enzyme system in aphids appears to deliver effective protection for nymphs and adults under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.D.); (M.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Jan Dampc
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.D.); (M.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Monika Kula-Maximenko
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.D.); (M.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.D.); (M.M.); (T.D.)
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Dampc J, Mołoń M, Durak T, Durak R. Changes in Aphid-Plant Interactions under Increased Temperature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:480. [PMID: 34071458 PMCID: PMC8227038 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stress in living organisms causes an imbalance between the processes of creating and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The work aims to explain changes in the aphid-host plant interaction due to an increase in temperature. Tests were carried out at three constant temperatures (20, 25, or 28 °C). Firstly, changes in development of Macrosiphum rosae were determined. Secondly, the activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid M. rosae tissues and host plant were analyzed at all temperatures. An increase in temperature to 28 °C had a negative effect on the biology of M. rosae by shortening the period of reproduction and longevity, thus reducing the demographic parameters and fecundity. Two stages of the aphid's defensive response to short-term (24-96 h) and long-term (2 weeks) thermal stress were observed. Aphid defense responses varied considerably with temperature and were highest at 28 °C. In turn, for the plants, which were exposed to both abiotic stress caused by elevated temperature and biotic stress caused by aphid feeding, their enzymatic defense was more effective at 20 °C, when enzyme activities at their highest were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dampc
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mołoń
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of Rzeszów, Rejtana 16c, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Roma Durak
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Durak R, Jedryczka M, Czajka B, Dampc J, Wielgusz K, Borowiak-Sobkowiak B. Mild Abiotic Stress Affects Development and Stimulates Hormesis of Hemp Aphid Phorodon cannabis. INSECTS 2021; 12:420. [PMID: 34066736 PMCID: PMC8150316 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hemp aphid Phorodon cannabis Passerini is a well- known (Asia, Europe) or newly emerging (North America) insect. It is a monophagous insect pest causing considerable damage in field and glasshouse cultivations. The aim of this work was to study the effects of meteorological (temperature) and agronomical (herbicide) factors on the biology of the hemp aphid. In one experiment, hemp plants were kept at constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 °C, and aphid survival and fecundity were measured. In a related experiment conducted at 20 °C, plants were treated with field-appropriate rates of a selective graminicide containing quizalofop-P-tefuryl (40 gL-1, 4.38%, HRAC group 1), commonly used to control weeds in hemp, and aphid enzyme activity was measured in addition to population parameters. We found that hemp aphids could live, feed and reproduce within the whole studied range of temperatures, demonstrating its great evolutionary plasticity. However, the optimal temperature for development was 25 °C, at which the insect lived and reproduced for 25 and 15 days, respectively, with an average fecundity of 7.5 nymphs per reproduction day. The herbicide treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), β-glucosidase, S-glutathione transferase (GST), oxidoreductive peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the aphids, but only on certain days after treatment, which indicates a mild stress in aphid tissues, related to a higher reproduction and changed feeding behavior; aphids moved from the actively growing tips compared to untreated plants. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the impact on the future management of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Durak
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Malgorzata Jedryczka
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Czajka
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jan Dampc
- Department of Experimental Biology and Chemistry, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (R.D.); (J.D.)
| | - Katarzyna Wielgusz
- Department of Breeding and Agronomy of Fibrous and Energy Plants, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants–National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland;
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Hussain A. Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana and a Plant Secondary Metabolite: A Novel Modeling Approach to Invade Host Defense for Effective Control of Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) on Date Palms. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:334. [PMID: 33926109 PMCID: PMC8145493 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) is an important pest causing substantial economic losses to date palm fruits (dates). The application of mycopathogens with plant secondary metabolites, which may proceed synergistically is thus essential to augment sustainable management strategy for O. afrasiaticus. In this regard, extensive laboratory experimentation involving compatibility, synergism, and host defense was performed to develop stable pest management option. The toxin-pathogen compatibility assay results revealed compatible interaction (biological index = 79-95) of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 against each tested concentration of commercially available (+)-α-Pinene that provide the opportunity to further explore the time and concentration dependent mortality and defense related enzymatic regulation analysis. The time-mortality response assays that mainly comprised of various proportions of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 and (+)-α-Pinene revealed that the sole application of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 (LC50 = 19.16 mg/mL), and (+)-α-Pinene (3.41 mg/mL) found to be least lethal compared with joint applications (LC50 ranged from 1.32-7.06 mg/mL). The treatments complied under Scheme IV (80% (+)-α-Pinene: 20% B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 Conidia) led to strong synergistic interaction (joint toxicity = 755). In addition, synergistic interactions greatly induced enzymatic activities of the studied antioxidants (CAT and SOD), and defense-related enzymes (GST and AchE). We concluded that join application of B. bassiana ARSEF 8465 and (+)-α-Pinene is a promising option for controlling Oligonychus afrasiaticus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- Institute of Research and Consultancy, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; or ; Tel.: +966-566989571
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of Temperature on Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster from Different Genetic Backgrounds: Links between Metabolic Rate and Longevity. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080470. [PMID: 32722420 PMCID: PMC7469197 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies of the aging process, questions about key factors ensuring longevity have not yet found clear answers. Temperature seems to be one of the most important factors regulating lifespan. However, the genetic background may also play a key role in determining longevity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the temperature, genetic background (fruit fly origin), and metabolic rate on lifespan. Experiments were performed with the use of the wild type Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies originating from Australia, Canada, and Benin and the reference OregonR strain. The metabolic rate of D. melanogaster was measured at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 28 °C in an isothermal calorimeter. We found a strong negative relationship between the total heat flow and longevity. A high metabolic rate leads to increased aging in males and females in all strains. Furthermore, our results showed that temperature has a significant effect on fecundity and body weight. We also showed the usefulness of the isothermal calorimetry method to study the effect of environmental stress conditions on the metabolic activity of insects. This may be particularly important for the forecasting of impact of global warming on metabolic activity and lifespan of various insects.
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