1
|
Yang J, Ma C, Jia R, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yue H, Li H, Jiang X. Different responses of two maize cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infestation provide insights into their differences in resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1065891. [PMID: 36844097 PMCID: PMC9950569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1065891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest with an amazing appetite, damages many crops and causes great losses, especially maize. Understanding the differences in different maize cultivars' responses to S. frugiperda infestation is very important for revealing the mechanisms involved in the resistance of maize plants to S. frugiperda. In this study, a comparative analysis of two maize cultivars, the common cultivar 'ZD958' and the sweet cultivar 'JG218', was used to investigate their physico-biochemical responses to S. frugiperda infestation by a pot experiment. The results showed that the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense responses of maize seedlings were rapidly induced by S. frugiperda. Frist, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of infested maize leaves were significantly increased and then decreased to the level of the control. Furthermore, compared with the control leaves, the puncture force values and the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one contents of infested leaves were significantly increased within a certain time. The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of infested leaves were significantly increased in a certain period of time, while the catalase activities decreased significantly and then increased to the control level. The jasmonic acid (JA) levels of infested leaves were significantly improved, whereas the salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels changed less. Signaling genes associated with phytohormones and defensive substances including PAL4, CHS6, BX12, LOX1, and NCED9 were significantly induced at certain time points, especially LOX1. Most of these parameters changed greater in JG218 than in ZD958. Moreover, the larvae bioassay showed that S. frugiperda larvae weighed more on JG218 leaves than those on ZD958 leaves. These results suggested that JG218 was more susceptible to S. frugiperda than ZD958. Our findings will make it easier to develop strategies for controlling S. frugiperda for sustainable maize production and breeding of new maize cultivars with increased resistance to herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changlu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiwang Yue
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Heqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang J, Shrestha K, Huang Y. Revealing Differential Expression of Phytohormones in Sorghum in Response to Aphid Attack Using the Metabolomics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213782. [PMID: 36430259 PMCID: PMC9699302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important multipurpose crop grown worldwide, but like many other crops, it is often threatened by insect pests. Sugarcane aphid (SCA, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner), for example, is one of the most severe pests in sorghum, which causes plant damage and yield loss. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of phytohormones on host plant resistance to aphid attack. Two sorghum genotypes, BTx623 (susceptible) and Tx2783 (resistant), were selected for a comparative analysis of differential expression of a group of phytohormones in response to aphid infestation. The quantification of phytohormones through LC-MS demonstrated higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and auxins in the resistant genotype infested with SCA. The PCA plot supports the strong differential responses between resistant and susceptible genotypes, indicating a positive correlation between JA and ABA and a negative correlation between SA and auxins. Similarly, RT-PCR results of the phytohormones-related marker genes showed higher expression in the resistant genotype compared to the susceptible one. Furthermore, to corroborate the role of phytohormones in plant defense, the susceptible genotype was treated with SA, JA, and ABA. The exogenous application of SA and JA + ABA significantly reduced plant mortality, aphid number, and damage in the susceptible genotype, suggesting a strong correlation between phytohormones and plant survival. Our findings indicate that phytohormones play positive roles in plant defense against aphids and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms operating in plants for self-protection. These findings could also stimulate further research into the mystery about the regulation of phytohormone production during plant interaction with aphids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301N Western Road, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quandahor P, Gou Y, Lin C, Liu C. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaf Extract Concentration Affects Performance and Oxidative Stress in Green Peach Aphids (Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2757. [PMID: 36297780 PMCID: PMC9610024 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the aphicidal effect of a leaf extract of the Atlantic potato cultivar on the performance of green peach aphids. Three concentrations of the leaf extract (100, 75, and 50% potato extract), synthetic pesticide (Beta cypermethrin 4.5%), and distilled water (control) treatments were applied in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the synthetic pesticide, which was used as a standard check, caused the maximum aphid mortality, followed by the 100% potato leaf extract. Compared with the other botanical treatments, the 100% extract produced low mean rates of survival, aphids' average daily reproduction, the number of nymphs per plant, and the number of nymphs per adult. This treatment also increased the accumulation of hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-s-transferase, mixed-function oxidase, and carboxylesterase content in the green peach aphid. Moreover, the 100% extract also protected the host plants against green peach aphid attacks by demonstrating higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, above-ground fresh weight, and above-ground dry weight of the host plant. This study demonstrates that the highest concentration of potato (Atlantic cultivar) leaf extract (100% extract) could be used as the appropriate dosage for the control of green peach aphids on potatoes, which could greatly reduce the use of synthetic insecticides and promote ecosystem sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quandahor
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box 52, Ghana
| | - Yuping Gou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Z, Qi C, Zhang M, Zhu J, Hu J, Feng K, Sun J, Wei P, Shen G, Zhang P, He L. Selenium mediated host plant-mite conflict: defense and adaptation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2981-2989. [PMID: 33624403 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium has shown effectiveness in protecting plants from herbivores. However, some insects have evolved adaptability to selenium. RESULTS Selenium accumulation in host plants protected them against spider mite feeding. Selenium showed toxic effects on spider mites by reducing growth and interfering with reproduction. After 40 generations on selenium-rich plants, a Tetranychus cinnabarinus strain (Tc-Se) developed adaptability to selenium, with an increased rate of population growth and enhanced ability for selenium metabolism. The high expression of two genes (GSTd07 and SPS1) in the selenium metabolism pathway might be involved in selenium metabolism in spider mites. After GSTd07 and SPS1 were silenced, the selenium adaptability decreased. Recombinant GSTd07 protein promoted the reaction between sodium selenite and glutathione (GSH) and increased the production of sodium selenite metabolites. The results indicated that GSTd07 was involved in the first step of selenium metabolism. CONCLUSION Plants can resist spider mite feeding by accumulating selenium. Spider mites subjected to long-term selenium exposure can adapt to selenium by increasing the expression of key genes involved in selenium metabolism. These results elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between mites and host plants mediated by selenium. This study of the interaction between selenium-mediated host plants and spider mites may lead to the development of new and less toxic methods for the prevention and control of spider mites. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - CuiCui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|