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Iype A, Ajith Kumar KG, Joy A, Sebasteena PF, Varghese A, Deepa CK, Chandy G, Ravindran R. Molecular characterisation of Amblyomma integrum circulating in southern India. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102877. [PMID: 38438076 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Amblyomma integrum is a large gooseberry sized longirostrate tick (when fully repleted) found in India and Sri Lanka. In Kerala (India), this tick is commonly found in the forest and its fringe areas frequently infesting deer and hence it is locally known as "maan chellu / maanunny" (deer tick). In the present study, molecular characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of A. integrum collected from the area grazed by the sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) of Kerala, south India was performed using three molecular markers viz., the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA, and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA genes. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene showed better resolving ability for elucidating the evolutionary relationship of A. integrum and identified two distinct clades, viz., A and B. The Tamil Nadu isolates of south India and Marayoor isolate 1 (from Idukki district of Kerala bordering with Tamil Nadu) belonged to clade A. Majority of Wayanad isolates from Kerala, occupied clade B. The intraspecific genetic distance among the A. integrum species ranged from 0.00 to 13.34%. Between clades A and B, the genetic distance observed was 11.49%. The clade B isolates were genetically close to A. geoemydae (GD: 1.22%). Morphological variations between the clades included darker exoskeletal coloration in clade A and distinct differences in the shape of basis capitulum. Further analysis using Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) provided additional insights. Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) identified 26 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) at a threshold distance of 5.38%, supporting the species partition of A. integrum clade B. Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis retained the same species complex (A. integrum-geoemydae Complex) inferred from the ASAP analyses. It could be inferred from the present study that the A. integrum clades A and B could be two different putative pseudocryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Iype
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India.
| | - Anisha Joy
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Peekkunnel Francis Sebasteena
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Chundayil Kalarikkal Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - George Chandy
- Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India.
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Macko P, Derka T, Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Z, Grabowski M, Čiampor F. Detailed DNA barcoding of mayflies in a small European country proved how far we are from having comprehensive barcode reference libraries. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13954. [PMID: 38520175 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are among the crucial water and habitat quality bioindicators. However, despite their intensive long-term use in various studies, more reliable mayfly DNA barcode data have been produced in a negligible number of countries, and only ~40% of European species had been barcoded with less than 50% of families covered. Despite being carried out in a small area, our study presents the second-most species-rich DNA reference library of mayflies from Europe and the first comprehensive view from an important biodiversity hotspot such as the Western Carpathians. Within 1153 sequences, 76 morphologically determined species were recorded and added to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) database. All obtained sequences were assigned to 97 BINs, 11 of which were unique and three represented species never barcoded before. Sequences of 16 species with high intraspecific variability were divided into 40 BINs, confirming the presence of cryptic lineages. Due to the low interspecific divergence and the non-existing barcoding gap, sequences of six species were assigned to three shared BINs. Delimitation analyses resulted in 79 and 107 putative species respectively. Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenies confirmed the monophyly of almost all species and complexes of cryptic taxa and proved that DNA barcoding distinguishes almost all studied mayfly species. We have shown that it is still sufficient to thoroughly investigate the fauna of a small but geographically important area to enrich global databases greatly. In particular, the insights gained here transcend the local context and may have broader implications for advancing barcoding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Macko
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Derka
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Čiamporová-Zaťovičová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- ZooLab, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Fedor Čiampor
- ZooLab, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Srivathsan A, Feng V, Suárez D, Emerson B, Meier R. ONTbarcoder 2.0: rapid species discovery and identification with real-time barcoding facilitated by Oxford Nanopore R10.4. Cladistics 2024; 40:192-203. [PMID: 38041646 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most arthropod species are undescribed and hidden in specimen-rich samples that are difficult to sort to species using morphological characters. For such samples, sorting to putative species with DNA barcodes is an attractive alternative, but needs cost-effective techniques that are suitable for use in many laboratories around the world. Barcoding using the portable and inexpensive MinION sequencer produced by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) could be useful for presorting specimen-rich samples with DNA barcodes because it requires little space and is inexpensive. However, similarly important is user-friendly and reliable software for analysis of the ONT data. It is here provided in the form of ONTbarcoder 2.0 that is suitable for all commonly used operating systems and includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Compared with an earlier version, ONTbarcoder 2.0 has three key improvements related to the higher read quality obtained with ONT's latest flow cells (R10.4), chemistry (V14 kits) and basecalling model (super-accuracy model). First, the improved read quality of ONT's latest flow cells (R10.4) allows for the use of primers with shorter indices than those previously needed (9 bp vs. 12-13 bp). This decreases the primer cost and can potentially improve PCR success rates. Second, ONTbarcoder now delivers real-time barcoding to complement ONT's real-time sequencing. This means that the first barcodes are obtained within minutes of starting a sequencing run; i.e. flow cell use can be optimized by terminating sequencing runs when most barcodes have already been obtained. The only input needed by ONTbarcoder 2.0 is a demultiplexing sheet and sequencing data (raw or basecalled) generated by either a Mk1B or a Mk1C. Thirdly, we demonstrate that the availability of R10.4 chemistry for the low-cost Flongle flow cell is an attractive option for users who require only 200-250 barcodes at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Srivathsan
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Feng
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Suárez
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38206, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Postgraduate Studies, University of La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38200, Spain
| | - Brent Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, 38206, Spain
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Kim CJ, Tan JL, Kim JK, Choi MB. Confirmation of the valid specific status of Dolichovespulakuami Kim & Yoon, 1996 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zookeys 2024; 1196:111-119. [PMID: 38560091 PMCID: PMC10980876 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1196.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic validity of Dolichovespulakuami, especially in relation to D.flora, has been the subject of a long-term debate. Herein, the valid specific status of the former was supported through an integrated analysis of morphological characters and DNA barcodes. The pronotal rugae and male genitalia of the two species are different, and partial mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI) indicate that they form significantly distinct lineages. The hitherto unknown male of D.kuami is described for the first time, and a brief discussion of the D.maculata species group is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Kim
- Division of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, 11186, Republic of KoreaKorea National ArboretumPocheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiang-Li Tan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, ChinaNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Bio Environment Health, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, 16328, Republic of KoreaDongnam Health UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Moon Bo Choi
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of KoreaKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Department of R&D, Wild Beei, Chilgok, 39864, Republic of KoreaDepartment of R&D, Wild BeeiChilgokRepublic of Korea
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Verly T, Pita S, Carbajal-de-la-Fuente AL, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Piccinali RV, Fiad FG, Ríos N, Panzera F, Lobbia P, Sánchez-Casaccia P, Rojas de Arias A, Cavallo MJ, Gigena GV, Rodríguez CS, Nattero J. Relationship between genetic diversity and morpho-functional characteristics of flight-related traits in Triatoma garciabesi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:145. [PMID: 38500121 PMCID: PMC10949591 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma garciabesi, a potential vector of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the causative agent of Chagas disease, is common in peridomestic and wild environments and found throughout northwestern and central Argentina, western Paraguay and the Bolivian Chaco. Genetic differentiation of a species across its range can help to understand dispersal patterns and connectivity between habitats. Dispersal by flight is considered to be the main active dispersal strategy used by triatomines. In particular, the morphological structure of the hemelytra is associated with their function. The aim of this study was to understand how genetic diversity is structured, how morphological variation of dispersal-related traits varies with genetic diversity and how the morphological characteristics of dispersal-related traits may explain the current distribution of genetic lineages in this species. METHODS Males from 24 populations of T. garciabesi across its distribution range were examined. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene (coI) was used for genetic diversity analyses. A geometric morphometric method based on landmarks was used for morpho-functional analysis of the hemelytra. Centroid size (CS) and shape of the forewing, and contour of both parts of the forewing, the head and the pronotum were characterised. Length and area of the forewing were measured to estimate the aspect ratio. RESULTS The morphometric and phylogenetic analysis identified two distinct lineages, namely the Eastern and Western lineages, which coincide with different ecological regions. The Eastern lineage is found exclusively in the eastern region of Argentina (Chaco and Formosa provinces), whereas the Western lineage is prevalent in the rest of the geographical range of the species. CS, shape and aspect ratio of the hemelytra differed between lineages. The stiff portion of the forewing was more developed in the Eastern lineage. The shape of both portions of the hemelytra were significantly different between lineages, and the shape of the head and pronotum differed between lineages. CONCLUSIONS The results provide preliminary insights into the evolution and diversification of T. garciabesi. Variation in the forewing, pronotum and head is congruent with genetic divergence. Consistent with genetic divergence, morphometry variation was clustered according to lineages, with congruent variation in the size and shape of the forewing, pronotum and head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Verly
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Pita
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Romina V Piccinali
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico G Fiad
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Néstor Ríos
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lobbia
- Unidad Operativa de Vectores y Ambiente (UnOVE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán", Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paz Sánchez-Casaccia
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - María José Cavallo
- Centro Regional de Energía y Ambiente Para el Desarrollo Sustentable (CREAS-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Catamarca (UNCA), San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Gisel V Gigena
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Rodríguez
- Cátedras de Introducción a la Biología y Morfología Animal, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (IEGEBA), CONICET/Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gajski D, Wolff JO, Melcher A, Weber S, Prost S, Krehenwinkel H, Kennedy SR. Facilitating taxonomy and phylogenetics: An informative and cost-effective protocol integrating long amplicon PCRs and third-generation sequencing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 192:107988. [PMID: 38072140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic inference has become a standard technique in integrative taxonomy and systematics, as well as in biogeography and ecology. DNA barcodes are often used for phylogenetic inference, despite being strongly limited due to their low number of informative sites. Also, because current DNA barcodes are based on a fraction of a single, fast-evolving gene, they are highly unsuitable for resolving deeper phylogenetic relationships due to saturation. In recent years, methods that analyse hundreds and thousands of loci at once have improved the resolution of the Tree of Life, but these methods require resources, experience and molecular laboratories that most taxonomists do not have. This paper introduces a PCR-based protocol that produces long amplicons of both slow- and fast-evolving unlinked mitochondrial and nuclear gene regions, which can be sequenced by the affordable and portable ONT MinION platform with low infrastructure or funding requirements. As a proof of concept, we inferred a phylogeny of a sample of 63 spider species from 20 families using our proposed protocol. The results were overall consistent with the results from approaches based on hundreds and thousands of loci, while requiring just a fraction of the cost and labour of such approaches, making our protocol accessible to taxonomists worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Gajski
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, Trier 54296, Germany; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas O Wolff
- Evolutionary Biomechanics, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, Greifswald 17489, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anja Melcher
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Sven Weber
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Stefan Prost
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Finland
| | - Henrik Krehenwinkel
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Susan R Kennedy
- Department of Biogeography, Faculty of Spatial and Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, Trier 54296, Germany.
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Dvorak M, Dittmann IL, Pedrini-Martha V, Hamerlík L, Bitušík P, Stuchlik E, Vondrák D, Füreder L, Lackner R. Molecular and morphological characterisation of larvae of the genus Diamesa Meigen, 1835 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Alpine streams (Ötztal Alps, Austria). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298367. [PMID: 38358970 PMCID: PMC10868831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamesa species (Diptera, Chironomidae) are widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems, and their life cycles are closely linked to environmental variables such as temperature, water quality, and sediment composition. Their sensitivity to environmental changes, particularly in response to pollution and habitat alterations, makes them valuable indicators of ecosystem health. The challenges associated with the morphological identification of larvae invoke the use of DNA barcoding for species determination. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is regularly used for species identification but faces limitations, such as similar sequences in closely related species. To overcome this, we explored the use of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region in addition to COI for Diamesa larvae identification. Therefore, this study employs a combination of molecular markers alongside traditional morphological identification to enhance species discrimination. In total, 129 specimens were analysed, of which 101 were sampled from a glacier-fed stream in Rotmoostal, and the remaining 28 from spring-fed streams in the neighbouring valleys of Königstal and Timmelstal. This study reveals the inadequacy of utilizing single COI or ITS genes for comprehensive species differentiation within the genus Diamesa. However, the combined application of COI and ITS markers significantly enhances species identification resolution, surpassing the limitations faced by traditional taxonomists. Notably, this is evident in cases involving morphologically indistinguishable species, such as Diamesa latitarsis and Diamesa modesta. It highlights the potential of employing a multi-marker approach for more accurate and reliable Diamesa species identification. This method can be a powerful tool for identifying Diamesa species, shedding light on their remarkable adaptations to extreme environments and the impacts of environmental changes on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dvorak
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Ladislav Hamerlík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bitušík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Evzen Stuchlik
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Vondrák
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leopold Füreder
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Lackner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang L, Wang F, Wu J, Ye S, Xu Y, Liu Y. Fine-Scale Genetic Structure of Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Based on Mitochondrial COI: The Role of Host Specificity and Spatial Distance. INSECTS 2024; 15:116. [PMID: 38392535 PMCID: PMC10888635 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Camellia weevil, Curculio chinensis (Chevrolat, 1978), is a dominant oligophagous pest that bores into the fruit of oil-tea Camellia. Genetic differentiation among populations in various hosts can easily occur, which hinders research on pest management. In this study, the genetic structure, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic structure of local C. chinensis populations were examined using 147 individuals (from 6 localities in Jiangxi), based on 2 mitochondrial COI markers. Results indicated that the C. chinensis population in Jiangxi exhibits a high haplotype diversity, especially for the populations from Cam. meiocarpa plantations. Structural differentiation was observed between Haplogroup 1 (73 individuals from Ganzhou, Jian, and Pingxiang) in the monoculture plantations of Cam. meiocarpa and Haplogroup 2 (75 individuals from Pingxiang and Jiujiang) in Cam. oleifera. Two haplogroups have recently undergone a demographic expansion, and Haplogroup 1 has shown a higher number of effective migrants than Haplogroup 2. This suggests that C. chinensis has been spreading from Cam. meiocarpa plantations to other oil-tea Camellia, such as Cam. oleifera. The increased cultivation of oil-tea Camellia in Jiangxi has contributed to a unique genetic structure within the C. chinensis population. This has, in turn, expanded the distribution of C. chinensis and increased migration between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Sicheng Ye
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Agricultural Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
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Shashank PR, Parker BM, Rananaware SR, Plotkin D, Couch C, Yang LG, Nguyen LT, Prasannakumar NR, Braswell WE, Jain PK, Kawahara AY. CRISPR-based diagnostics detects invasive insect pests. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13881. [PMID: 37888995 PMCID: PMC10842307 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of organisms is essential for many biological and medical disciplines, from understanding basic ecosystem processes, disease diagnosis, to the detection of invasive pests. CRISPR-based diagnostics offers a novel and rapid alternative to other identification methods and can revolutionize our ability to detect organisms with high accuracy. Here we describe a CRISPR-based diagnostic developed with the universal cytochrome-oxidase 1 gene (CO1). The CO1 gene is the most sequenced gene among Animalia, and therefore our approach can be adopted to detect nearly any animal. We tested the approach on three difficult-to-identify moth species (Keiferia lycopersicella, Phthorimaea absoluta and Scrobipalpa atriplicella) that are major invasive pests globally. We designed an assay that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR for signal generation. Our approach has a much higher sensitivity than real-time PCR assays and achieved 100% accuracy for identification of all three species, with a detection limit of up to 120 fM for P. absoluta and 400 fM for the other two species. Our approach does not require a sophisticated laboratory, reduces the risk of cross-contamination, and can be completed in less than 1 h. This work serves as a proof of concept that has the potential to revolutionize animal detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathour R Shashank
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institution, New Delhi, India
| | - Brandon M Parker
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh R Rananaware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Couch
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lilia G Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - N R Prasannakumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - W Evan Braswell
- Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Piyush K Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Vieira C, Kim MS, N’Yeurt ADR, Payri C, D’Hondt S, De Clerck O, Zubia M. Marine Flora of French Polynesia: An Updated List Using DNA Barcoding and Traditional Approaches. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1124. [PMID: 37627008 PMCID: PMC10452401 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Located in the heart of the South Pacific Ocean, the French Polynesian islands represent a remarkable setting for biological colonization and diversification, because of their isolation. Our knowledge of this region's biodiversity is nevertheless still incomplete for many groups of organisms. In the late 1990s and 2000s, a series of publications provided the first checklists of French Polynesian marine algae, including the Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, and Cyanobacteria, established mostly on traditional morphology-based taxonomy. We initiated a project to systematically DNA barcode the marine flora of French Polynesia. Based on a large collection of ~2452 specimens, made between 2014 and 2023, across the five French Polynesian archipelagos, we re-assessed the marine floral species diversity (Alismatales, Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta) using DNA barcoding in concert with morphology-based classification. We provide here a major revision of French Polynesian marine flora, with an updated listing of 702 species including 119 Chlorophyta, 169 Cyanobacteria, 92 Ochrophyta, 320 Rhodophyta, and 2 seagrass species-nearly a two-fold increase from previous estimates. This study significantly improves our knowledge of French Polynesian marine diversity and provides a valuable DNA barcode reference library for identification purposes and future taxonomic and conservation studies. A significant part of the diversity uncovered from French Polynesia corresponds to unidentified lineages, which will require careful future taxonomic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vieira
- Department of Biology and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
- Phycology Research Group, Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myung Sook Kim
- Department of Biology and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Antoine De Ramon N’Yeurt
- Pacific Center for Environment an Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Private Mail Bag, Suva P.O. Box 1168, Fiji;
| | - Claude Payri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa 98848, New Caledonia
| | - Sofie D’Hondt
- Phycology Research Group, Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research Group, Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mayalen Zubia
- UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, University of French Polynesia, BP6570, Faa’a 98702, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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11
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Shashank PR, Parker BM, Rananaware SR, Plotkin D, Couch C, Yang LG, Nguyen LT, Prasannakumar NR, Braswell WE, Jain PK, Kawahara AY. CRISPR-based diagnostics detects invasive insect pests. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.541004. [PMID: 37292907 PMCID: PMC10245733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of organisms is essential across many biological and medical disciplines, from understanding basic ecosystem processes and how organisms respond to environmental change, to disease diagnosis and detection of invasive pests. CRISPR-based diagnostics offers a novel and rapid alternative to other identification methods and can revolutionize our ability to detect organisms with high accuracy. Here we describe a CRISPR-based diagnostic developed with the universal cytochrome-oxidase 1 gene (CO1). The CO1 gene is the most sequenced gene among Animalia, and therefore our approach can be adopted to detect nearly any animal. We tested the approach on three difficult-to-identify moth species (Keiferia lycopersicella, Phthorimaea absoluta, and Scrobipalpa atriplicella) that are major invasive pests globally. We designed an assay that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR for signal generation. Our approach has a much higher sensitivity than other real time-PCR assays and achieved 100% accuracy for identification of all three species, with a detection limit of up to 120 fM for P. absoluta and 400 fM for the other two species. Our approach does not require a lab setting, reduces the risk of cross-contamination, and can be completed in less than one hour. This work serves as a proof of concept that has the potential to revolutionize animal detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathour R. Shashank
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institution, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Brandon M. Parker
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, RTP, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Santosh R. Rananaware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christian Couch
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lilia G. Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - N. R. Prasannakumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - W. Evan Braswell
- Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, 22675 North Moorefield Road, Edinburg, Texas 78541, USA
| | - Piyush K. Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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12
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Souza DDES, Sepúlveda TA, Monné MA, Marinoni L, Monné ML. Molecular and morphological approaches redefine the limits among polymorphic species in the Neotropical longhorn beetle genus, Myzomorphus Sallé (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae). Zootaxa 2023; 5285:252-270. [PMID: 37518707 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Myzomorphus Sallé is a charismatic genus of prionine longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) composed of nine species. Myzomorphus species are found from Costa Rica to southern Brazil, but only two species have wide distributions across this range: M. scutellatus Sallé from Costa Rica to northern Brazil, and M. quadripunctatus (Gray) from Colombia to southern Brazil. These species are highly polymorphic and their limits are difficult to determine due to their strong morphological similarities--males are only distinguishable by subtle size variations and females by color patterns. Here, we used mitochondrial DNA (cox1 and 12S) to reconstruct the first phylogeny of Myzomorphus and, in combination with morphological data, assess the taxonomic limits between M. scutellatus and M. quadripunctatus. Our phylogenetic results confirm the monophyly of Myzomorphus and reveal a close relationship among M. birai, M. quadripunctatus and M. scutellatus. Using pairwise distance estimations, we found that the intraspecific variation of M. quadripunctatus is remarkably high (K2P: 0-11.7%; p-distances: 0-9.7%) and the interspecific distances of M. quadripunctatus in relation to M. birai and M. scutellatus (K2P: 14.8-20.1%; p-distances: 12-15%) are close to the intraspecific distances of M. quadripunctatus. We further analyzed the diagnostic characters of these species and found that their morphological intraspecific variations largely overlap. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the variability of M. birai, M. scutellatus and M. quadripunctatus represent polymorphisms of a single species. We thus argue for the synonymy of M. birai and M. scutellatus under M. quadripunctatus (syn. nov.) and highlight the need for multiple lines of evidence to solve the taxonomic problems in polymorphic species of Cerambycidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego DE S Souza
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; MNRJ; Quinta da Boa Vista; São Cristóvão; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil; Department of Zoology; Federal University of Paranaì; UFPR; Caixa Postal 19020; Centro Politeìcnico; Jardim das Ameìricas; 81531-990; Curitiba; Paranaì; Brazil.
| | - Tatiana A Sepúlveda
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Paranaì; UFPR; Caixa Postal 19020; Centro Politeìcnico; Jardim das Ameìricas; 81531-990; Curitiba; Paranaì; Brazil.
| | - Miguel A Monné
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; MNRJ; Quinta da Boa Vista; São Cristóvão; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil.
| | - Luciane Marinoni
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Paranaì; UFPR; Caixa Postal 19020; Centro Politeìcnico; Jardim das Ameìricas; 81531-990; Curitiba; Paranaì; Brazil.
| | - Marcela L Monné
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; MNRJ; Quinta da Boa Vista; São Cristóvão; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil.
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13
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Bae S, Kim P, Yi CH. Biodiversity and spatial distribution of ascidian using environmental DNA metabarcoding. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 185:105893. [PMID: 36689844 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring studies are necessary to understand the biodiversity of marine ecosystems and are useful for identifying and managing rare or invasive species. Because monitoring has traditionally relied only on visual surveys (e.g., trapping, netting, electrofishing, and SCUBA diving) with limited time and physical resources, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is being applied as an efficient monitoring method. This study compared whether the eDNA metabarcoding technique can replace the traditional visual survey in an ascidian fauna study. We designed ascidian-specific primers and identified a clear gap (3.75%) by barcoding gap analysis. Then, we collected seawater samples for eDNA analysis during the summer (August-September) of 2021 at three sites (Mokpo, Yeosu, and Uljin) in South Korea. In the survey sites of this study, 25 species were observed through literature and visual survey, among which 9 species were detected by metabarcoding and 16 species were not detected. On the other hand, 10 species were detected only by metabarcoding, and one of them was identified as Pyura mirabilis, an unrecorded species in South Korea. This study succeeded in detecting cryptic or rare species with one seawater collection, which can be used to determine their unexplored habitat. Therefore, we conclude that monitoring using eDNA is more efficient than visual surveys for detecting rare or cryptic ascidian species. We also suggest that, when combined with traditional monitoring methods, it could be a tool to complement ascidian fauna studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Bae
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Philjae Kim
- Department of Biodiversity, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yi
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, 33662, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Specific and Intraspecific Diversity of Symphypleona and Neelipleona (Hexapoda: Collembola) in Southern High Appalachia (USA). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Collembola, commonly known as springtails, are important detritivores, abundant in leaf litter and soil globally. Springtails are wingless hexapods with many North American species having wide distributions ranging from as far as Alaska to Mexico. Here, we analyze the occurrence and intraspecific diversity of springtails with a globular body shape (Symphypleona and Neelipleona), in southern high Appalachia, a significant biodiversity hotspot. The peaks of high Appalachia represent ‘sky islands’ due to their physical isolation, and they host numerous endemic species in other taxa. We surveyed globular Collembola through COI metabarcoding, assessing geographic and genetic diversity across localities and species. Intraspecific diversity in globular Collembola was extremely high, suggesting that considerable cryptic speciation has occurred. While we were able to associate morphospecies with described species in most of the major families in the region (Dicyrtomidae, Katiannidae, Sminthuridae, and Sminthurididae), other families (Neelidae, and Arrhopalitidae) are in more pressing need of taxonomic revision before species identities can be confirmed. Due to poor representation in databases, and high intraspecific variability, no identifications were accomplished through comparison with available DNA barcodes.
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15
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Dean CAE, Easley J, Katz AD, Berlocher SH, Berenbaum MR. Genetic Structure and Colonization of North America by Depressaria depressana (Fabricius 1775) (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) over 15 Years; Contrasts with Westward Expansion of Depressaria radiella (Goeze, 1783) over 160 Years. INSECTS 2022; 13:789. [PMID: 36135490 PMCID: PMC9504837 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Depressaria depressana, the purple carrot seed moth, is a Eurasian species first reported in North America in 2008 and currently undergoing range expansion. This invasion follows that of its Eurasion congener Depressaria radiella (parsnip webworm), first documented in North America 160 years ago. Unlike D. depressana, which utilizes hostplants across multiple tribes of Apiaceae, Depressaria radiella is a "superspecialist" effectively restricted in its native and non-indigenous ranges to two closely related apiaceous genera. We investigated the genetic structure of D. depressana populations across latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the eastern United States by constructing COI haplotype networks and then comparing these with haplotype networks constructed from available COI sequence data from contemporary European D. depressana populations and from European and North American D. radiella populations. Haplotype data revealed higher genetic diversity in D. depressana, indicating high dispersal capacity, multiple introductions, and/or a genetically diverse founding population. Museum and literature records of D. radiella date back to 1862 and indicate that range expansion to the West Coast required more than 50 years. Higher levels of genetic diversity observed in D. depressana compared to its congener may indicate a greater propensity for dispersal, colonization and establishment in its non-indigenous range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. E. Dean
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA or
| | - Jack Easley
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA or
| | - Aron D. Katz
- Engineer Research and Development Center, Champaign, IL 61821, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Stewart H. Berlocher
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA or
| | - May R. Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA or
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