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do Vale TL, Costa AR, Miranda LM, Silva GF, Silva NCS, Lima TB, Chaves DP, Sager H, Lasmar PVF, Costa-Junior LM. Efficacy of lotilaner against myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in naturally infested dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 36879347 PMCID: PMC9987041 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is widely distributed across South America. This parasitic insect is a significant cause of primary myiasis in animals, including dogs. There is an urgent need for a rapid and efficient treatment to improve the recovery of affected animals. In the present study we evaluated the potential of lotilaner for the treatment of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in naturally infested dogs. Lotilaner belongs to the isoxazoline class of chemical compounds and is marketed as Credelio™ for use against ticks and fleas in dogs and cats. METHODS Eleven dogs with naturally acquired myiasis were enrolled in this study based on the severity of lesions and the number of identified larvae. All animals received a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose of 20.5 mg/kg body weight. After treatment, the number of expelled larvae, live or dead, was determined at 2, 6 and 24 h, and the larval expulsion rate, larvicidal effect and overall efficacy were calculated. After 24 h, the remaining larvae were removed, counted and identified. The lesions were cleaned, and palliative treatment was administered when necessary, according to the animal's health status. RESULTS All larvae were identified as C. hominivorax. The larval expulsion rate was 80.5% and 93.0% at 2 and 6 h post-treatment, respectively. Lotilaner showed an overall efficacy of 100% at 24 h post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lotilaner demonstrated a rapid onset of action and a high efficacy against C. hominivorax. We therefore recommend lotilaner for the effective treatment of myiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Lopes do Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Alcyjara Rego Costa
- Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tiago Barbalho Lima
- Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Heinz Sager
- Elanco Animal Health Inc, Basel, Switzerland
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Himuro C, Kohama T, Matsuyama T, Sadoyama Y, Kawamura F, Honma A, Ikegawa Y, Haraguchi D. First case of successful eradication of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius), using the sterile insect technique. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267728. [PMID: 35551267 PMCID: PMC9098069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first case of the successful eradication of a Coleoptera pest species over a wide area using a combination of male annihilation technique (MAT) and sterile insect technique (SIT) application. The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius, is one of the most destructive and widely distributed pests of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas. A project to eradicate it was launched in 1994 on Kume Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The MAT application was first used from November 1994 to January 1999 to reduce the density of wild populations. The distribution and densities of weevils were assessed by trapping them and surveying infestation rates in wild hosts and sweet potatoes in the field. The C. formicarius populations were suppressed by approximately 90% and plant infestations were reduced from 9.5% to less than 0.1% by using the MAT. Then, hundreds of thousands to millions of sterile weevils were released each week (ca. 460 million in total from 1999 to 2012). As a result, based on an analysis of 12748 stems and 48749 tubers, no weevil infections were detected in the stems or tubers of sweet potato since 1997. Since 2009, almost no wild weevils were captured in traps, and in wild host and sweet potato surveys no weevils have been found in any of the 580 locations and 8833 samples since October 2011. As of 28 December, 2012, C. formicarius is considered to have been eradicated from Kume Island. This paper describes the process of eradicating C. formicarius using SIT application integrated with MAT application for the first time and discusses some of the main challenges associated with the weevil eradication campaignl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Himuro
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Ryukyu Sankei Co., Ltd, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (CH); (DH)
| | - Tsuguo Kohama
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Futoshi Kawamura
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Honma
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Ryukyu Sankei Co., Ltd, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ikegawa
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Ryukyu Sankei Co., Ltd, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Dai Haraguchi
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (CH); (DH)
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Cuestas D, Pedraza J, Herrera H, Motta A, Cuestas A, Forero Y, Porras R, Urrea F, Galvis D, Galvis I, Bernal MA, Alvarado MV, Bula R, Velasquez O, Villalba D, Lamus S, Ariza G, Bayona N, Gutierrez A, Segura A, Patiño M, Perafan A, Ramirez-Rodriguez S, Rolon M. Cutaneous myiasis in skin cancer and malignant wounds: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1529-1546. [PMID: 34363696 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous myiasis in patients with malignant wounds or skin cancer is a rare and undesirable event with limited epidemiological data. A subregister of reports, lack of education in the population, inadequate empirical treatments, and medical underestimation are components of a public health problem that threatens patients' lives. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature of cutaneous myiasis associated with malignant wounds and skin cancer, characterizing sociodemographic variables, risk factors, clinical and histological features, and treatment. Additionally, we present a demonstrative case with the adequate taxonomic evaluation. DISCUSSION Cutaneous myiasis is an underestimated and poorly managed infestation, which can generate severe complications in oncological patients. This is the first systematic review in the literature about this clinical scenario, which provides information to the physician and clinical researcher about the epidemiological gaps and what has been published so far. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current review have helped to display the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical behavior of myiasis in skin cancer and malignant wounds. Its contribution to the greater tumor tissue destruction is clear; however, more studies are required. The therapeutic management in these patients is equally clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cuestas
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia.,ESTUDIODERMA®, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Pedraza
- Dermatology Program, Fundacion Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hugo Herrera
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Motta
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Cuestas
- ESTUDIODERMA®, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clinical and Enginnering Research-Statistical Analysis, Predicto Artificial Intelligence Techonologies LLC, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yency Forero
- Internal Medicine Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Porras
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Urrea
- Clinical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Dany Galvis
- Clinical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Ingrid Galvis
- Special Training in Radiology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | | | | | - Rosa Bula
- Clinical Research, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Oscar Velasquez
- Dermatology Program, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sergio Lamus
- Clinical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Ariza
- Clinical Research, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Natalia Bayona
- Clinical Research, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Gutierrez
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Segura
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas UPTC - GICBUPTC, Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia GIDIMEVETZ, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Monica Patiño
- Clinical Research, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Perafan
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mariam Rolon
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatology Service, Hospital Simon Bolivar, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dermatopathology Department, Hospital Simon Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia
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4
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Concha C, Yan Y, Arp A, Quilarque E, Sagel A, de León AP, McMillan WO, Skoda S, Scott MJ. An early female lethal system of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, for biotechnology-enhanced SIT. BMC Genet 2020; 21:143. [PMID: 33339501 PMCID: PMC7747452 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New World Screwworm fly (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite of warm-blooded animals and a major pest of livestock in parts of South America and the Caribbean where it remains endemic. In North and Central America it was eradicated using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). A control program is managed cooperatively between the governments of the United States and Panama to prevent the northward spread of NWS from infested countries in South America. This is accomplished by maintaining a permanent barrier through the release of millions of sterile male and female flies in the border between Panama and Colombia. Our research team demonstrated the utility of biotechnology-enhanced approaches for SIT by developing a male-only strain of the NWS. The strain carried a single component tetracycline repressible female lethal system where females died at late larval/pupal stages. The control program can be further improved by removing females during embryonic development as larval diet costs are significant. RESULTS The strains developed carry a two-component system consisting of the Lucilia sericata bottleneck gene promoter driving expression of the tTA gene and a tTA-regulated Lshid proapoptotic effector gene. Insertion of the sex-specifically spliced intron from the C. hominivorax transformer gene within the Lshid gene ensures that only females die when insects are reared in the absence of tetracycline. In several double homozygous two-component strains and in one "All-in-one" strain that had both components in a single construct, female lethality occurred at the embryonic and/or first instar larval stages when raised on diet without tetracycline. Laboratory evaluation for phenotypes that are relevant for mass rearing in a production facility revealed that most strains had fitness characteristics similar to the wild type J06 strain that is currently reared for release in the permanent barrier. Testing of an "All in one" strain under mass rearing conditions showed that the strain maintained the fitness characteristics observed in small-scale rearing. CONCLUSIONS The early female lethal strains described here could be selected by the NWS Control Program for testing at large scale in the production facility to enhance the efficiency of the NWS eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Concha
- Panama-United States Commission for the Eradication and Prevention of Screwworm (COPEG), Pacora, Panama. .,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Ying Yan
- Department for Insect Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Winchesterstraße 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Alex Arp
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Site, Apartado 0816-07636, Pacora, Panama.,Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Evelin Quilarque
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Site, Apartado 0816-07636, Pacora, Panama
| | - Agustin Sagel
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Site, Apartado 0816-07636, Pacora, Panama
| | - Adalberto Pérez de León
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Steven Skoda
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Site, Apartado 0816-07636, Pacora, Panama.,Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Maxwell J Scott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA.
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5
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Physiological and molecular correlates of the screwworm fly attraction to wound and animal odors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20771. [PMID: 33247186 PMCID: PMC7695851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was successfully eradicated from the United States by the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, recent detection of these flies in the Florida Keys, and increased risk of introductions to the other areas warrant novel tools for management of the flies. Surveillance, a key component of screwworm control programs, utilizes traps baited with rotting liver or a blend of synthetic chemicals such as swormlure-4. In this work, we evaluated the olfactory physiology of the screwworm fly and compared it with the non-obligate ectoparasitic secondary screwworm flies, C. macellaria, that invade necrotic wound and feed on dead tissue. These two species occur in geographically overlapping regions. C. macellaria, along with other blowflies such as the exotic C. megacephala, greatly outnumber C. hominivorax in the existing monitoring traps. Olfactory responses to swormlure-4 constituents between sex and mating status (mated vs unmated) in both species were recorded and compared. Overall, responses measured by the antennograms offered insights into the comparative olfactory physiology of the two fly species. We also present detailed analyses of the antennal transcriptome by RNA-Sequencing that reveal significant differences between male and female screwworm flies. The differential expression patterns were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Taken together, this integrated study provides insights into the physiological and molecular correlates of the screwworm’s attraction to wounds, and identifies molecular targets that will aid in the development of odorant-based fly management strategies.
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6
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Rocha EM, Katak RDM, Campos de Oliveira J, Araujo MDS, Carlos BC, Galizi R, Tripet F, Marinotti O, Souza-Neto JA. Vector-Focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E161. [PMID: 33092228 PMCID: PMC7709627 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been made towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to control or eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put into research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the optimization of conventional and development of innovative vector-control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elerson Matos Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Ricardo de Melo Katak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Juan Campos de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; (E.M.R.); (R.d.M.K.); (J.C.d.O.)
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ RONDONIA, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil;
| | - Bianca Cechetto Carlos
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil;
- Central Multiuser Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Roberto Galizi
- Centre of Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5GB, UK; (R.G.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tripet
- Centre of Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5GB, UK; (R.G.); (F.T.)
| | | | - Jayme A. Souza-Neto
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil;
- Central Multiuser Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
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7
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Brisola Marcondes C, Canale A, Benelli G. Lysenko and the Screwworm Fly-When Politics Interferes with Science and Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6687. [PMID: 32937878 PMCID: PMC7557419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the One Health scenario, a deep understanding of the dynamics potentially threatening the development and implementation of useful pest and vector management tools is of key importance. The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is characterized by a wide host range. It acts as an important agent of myiasis in humans and warm-blooded animals in the Neotropics, and has been eliminated from a wide region through genetic methods. Of note, Serebrovsky had already proposed in 1940 the principles of autocidal control by the translocation of segments between two chromosomes, but his work was negated by Lysenko, based on the negation of Mendelian genetics. This entomological case study emphasizes the danger of politics interfering with science, a still contemporary hot issue. The negation of global warming or current pandemics are further examples of this noxious influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brisola Marcondes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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8
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Scott MJ, Benoit JB, Davis RJ, Bailey ST, Varga V, Martinson EO, Hickner PV, Syed Z, Cardoso GA, Torres TT, Weirauch MT, Scholl EH, Phillippy AM, Sagel A, Vasquez M, Quintero G, Skoda SR. Genomic analyses of a livestock pest, the New World screwworm, find potential targets for genetic control programs. Commun Biol 2020; 3:424. [PMID: 32753684 PMCID: PMC7403345 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major pest of livestock in South America and Caribbean. However, few genomic resources have been available for this species. A genome of 534 Mb was assembled from long read PacBio DNA sequencing of DNA from a highly inbred strain. Analysis of molecular evolution identified 40 genes that are likely under positive selection. Developmental RNA-seq analysis identified specific genes associated with each stage. We identify and analyze the expression of genes that are likely important for host-seeking behavior (chemosensory), development of larvae in open wounds in warm-blooded animals (heat shock protein, immune response) and for building transgenic strains for genetic control programs including gene drive (sex determination, germline). This study will underpin future experiments aimed at understanding the parasitic lifestyle of the screwworm fly and greatly facilitate future development of strains for efficient systems for genetic control of screwworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Scott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA.
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, McMicken School of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Rebecca J Davis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA
| | - Samuel T Bailey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, McMicken School of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Virag Varga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, McMicken School of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Ellen O Martinson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Paul V Hickner
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | | | - Gisele A Cardoso
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana T Torres
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Scholl
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7566, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7566, USA
| | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven R Skoda
- USDA-ARS, Tick and Biting Fly Research Unit, Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
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9
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Quinn CM, Nolan T. Nuclease-based gene drives, an innovative tool for insect vector control: advantages and challenges of the technology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 39:77-83. [PMID: 32339930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic control of insects involves the release of modified insects that contain altered genetic traits and are competent to mate with target populations to introduce the traits therein. Since it relies on mating, this type of control is species-specific, non-toxic, and has the advantage that the released insects can do the difficult task of reaching remote and otherwise inaccessible insect niches. Gene drives are capable of drastically biasing their own transmission and are being developed as a new type of genetic control, one that would be self-sustaining, requiring low numbers in the initial release in order to spread and persist within a population. In this review, the advantages and challenges of building and deploying this technology will be discussed, using mosquito control as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Nolan
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
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10
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Honma A, Kumano N, Noriyuki S. Killing two bugs with one stone: a perspective for targeting multiple pest species by incorporating reproductive interference into sterile insect technique. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:571-577. [PMID: 30198215 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique is an environmentally friendly method to control and even eradicate agricultural and veterinary insect pests without using chemical pesticides in excess. However, the continuous production and release of sterile insects is economically costly and eradication programs using sterile insects have not always been successful owing to the incomplete mating ability of the sterile insects. Here we focus on the theory and empirical findings of interspecific negative mating interaction, known as reproductive interference, to develop a more cost-effective and value-added pest management program. We suggest that sterile insects can be used for simultaneous control of both wild-type conspecifics and closely related pest species by taking advantage of the fact that, when species recognition abilities are incomplete, courtship and mating are often misdirected toward heterospecies. This new approach might help mitigate economic damage and human health crises caused by pest insects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Honma
- Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center, Naha, Japan
- Ryukyu Sankei Co., Ltd, Naha, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Norikuni Kumano
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Suzuki Noriyuki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Skoda SR, Phillips PL, Welch JB. Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the United States: Response to and Elimination of the 2016-2017 Outbreak in Florida. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:777-786. [PMID: 29722869 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eradicating screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from continental North American via the sterile insect technique has provided huge economic benefit to livestock producers by eliminating screwworm myiasis. After confirmatory identification of fly samples from infested deer by the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory on September 30, 2016, an alert was issued that screwworm myiasis was discovered in the Florida Keys. Personnel from USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Agricultural Research Service, the State of Florida, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and local officials responded to the outbreak focus on Big Pine Key. After witnessing infested Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium Barboyr & Allen), screwworm adult sampling was initiated at 0930 h on October 5, 2016 using nets to collect flies arriving at putrid liver, with the first female collected within 1 h. Larval samples were collected from infested animals for DNA analyses and to develop a "Florida outbreak" colony to test mating compatibility with the mass-produced strain used for sterile fly releases. Ground release chambers for sterile screwworm releases were placed in favorable habitats based on satellite image analyses. Sterile pupae were first placed in the chambers on October 11, 2016. Further liver trapping showed that 13 Keys were infested. One case, presumably through animal movement, occurred near Homestead on the Florida mainland. Ultimately there were 35 sterile fly release stations, including 4 located around Homestead, but no further cases were identified. About 188 million sterile flies were released until successful eradication was declared on March 23, 2017. Containing the outbreak prevented economic losses to livestock producers and other wildlife on the mainland and kept eradication costs to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Skoda
- USDA-ARS-KBUSLIRL, Screwworm Research, Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX
| | - Pamela L Phillips
- USDA-ARS-KBUSLIRL, Screwworm Research, Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX
| | - John B Welch
- USDA-APHIS-IS, Action Programs, USDA, ARS, SPARC, College Station, TX
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Hribar LJ, Murray HL, McIntire SG, Pruszynski CA. Effects of Mosquito Control Adulticides on Sterile Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:959-966. [PMID: 29365134 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of mosquito control adulticides on sterile screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were investigated via bottle bioassays, outdoor cage tests, and exposure to treated vegetation. In bottle bioassays, 43 μg of permethrin via dilution of Evoluer, 474.56 μg of malathion via dilution of Fyfanon, and 25 μg of naled via dilution of Dibrom Concentrate were used to challenge screwworm flies. Permethrin was more toxic to screwworm flies than was malathion, which was more toxic than naled. On succeeding days, permethrin was still lethal to the flies, whereas malathion and naled were less toxic. During outdoor cage trials, screwworm mortality declined as distance from the spray truck increased. Sterile screwworm flies were killed by lower concentrations of permethrin needed to kill black salt marsh mosquitoes, Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Culicidae). Flies exposed to treated vegetation taken from the path of the spray cloud died more quickly than did flies exposed to leaves taken 5 ft inside the canopy. Fly mortality increased as volume mean diameter of droplets increased. In spite of the toxicity of Evoluer to screwworm flies, aspects of their biology make it unlikely that mosquito control operations would affect released flies.
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Zhu JJ, Chaudhury MF, Durso LM, Sagel A, Skoda SR, Jelvez-Serra NS, Santanab EG. Semiochemicals released from five bacteria identified from animal wounds infested by primary screwworms and their effects on fly behavioral activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179090. [PMID: 28594888 PMCID: PMC5464644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a serious pest feeding on living flesh of any warm-blooded animal, including humans. It was eradicated from the United States in the early 1980s using the sterile male technique. However, it was recently detected in populations of wild deer and pets in the Florida Keys of the US. For monitoring purposes, screwworm flies are normally trapped using attractant bait with liver. However, there has been little effort to develop an efficient monitoring system for detection of screwworm flies using a specific synthetic attractant blend. Several studies have shown that odors from animal wound fluids attract screwworm adults, particularly gravid females. Bacteria associated with animal wounds have been identified that act as a major source for this attraction. To understand what volatiles attract screwworms we inoculated bovine blood with previously identified bacteria. We identified volatile chemicals released from the inoculated blood and other selected media over time and assessed the effect of those chemicals on behavioral activity of adult screwworm flies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 7 volatile compounds were collected from bacteria incubated in either broth or blood using solid-phase microextraction, and their chemical structures were identified by their characteristic mass spectrum fragments and confirmed by retention times in comparison to those of synthetic standards via gas chromatograph combined mass spectrometry analyses. Five major volatiles including dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol and indole were detected from a mixture of 5 bacteria incubated in blood. The ratios of volatiles released differed among different incubation media, time and individual bacteria. A synthetic mixture containing the five compounds was demonstrated to be attractive to adult screwworm flies both in laboratory assays and field trapping trials. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained from this study may assist in developing an efficient trapping system using the identified attractant blend to detect the infestation of primary screwworms. This is also the first study to explore the complex systems in volatile release profiles from 5 bacteria isolated from screwworm-infested animal wounds that are incubated with different media and incubation time, as well as individual and multi-species bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei J. Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Muhammad F. Chaudhury
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, UNL-EC, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Durso
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Agustin Sagel
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, Pacora, Republic of Panama
| | - Steven R. Skoda
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nadia S. Jelvez-Serra
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Christen JA, Skoda SR, Heng-Moss TM, Lee DJ, Foster JE. Sequence-characterized amplified regions that differentiate New World screwworms from other potential wound-inhabiting flies. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 27:25-30. [PMID: 25387845 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714555897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New World screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), were once devastating pests of warm-blooded animals in the United States before they were successfully eradicated using the sterile insect technique. Guarding against the introduction of screwworms to North America or any other screwworm-free area relies on rapid, reliable identification of suspected cases. In the current study, the DNA from excised markers generated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction was used as the basis to generate 2 species-specific sequence-characterized amplified region molecular markers. Resulting primer pairs, named CR92A1 and J1A2 (each with forward and reverse components), produced amplicons of 852 and 848 base pairs, respectively. The 2 primer pairs successfully discriminated between C. hominivorax, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), 8 other species of blowflies, 3 noncalliphorid dipterans, and 1 nondipteran outlier. These primers may become important tools for veterinary laboratories and the screwworm eradication and exclusion program for rapid identification or verification of suspicious larval samples in presumed outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A Christen
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Entomology (Christen, Heng-Moss, Foster), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Lee), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEThe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Screwworm Research Unit, Kerrville, TX (Skoda)
| | - Steven R Skoda
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Entomology (Christen, Heng-Moss, Foster), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Lee), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEThe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Screwworm Research Unit, Kerrville, TX (Skoda)
| | - Tiffany M Heng-Moss
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Entomology (Christen, Heng-Moss, Foster), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Lee), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEThe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Screwworm Research Unit, Kerrville, TX (Skoda)
| | - Donald J Lee
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Entomology (Christen, Heng-Moss, Foster), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Lee), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEThe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Screwworm Research Unit, Kerrville, TX (Skoda)
| | - John E Foster
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Entomology (Christen, Heng-Moss, Foster), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture (Lee), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NEThe U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Screwworm Research Unit, Kerrville, TX (Skoda)
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Chen H, Chaudhury MF, Sagel A, Phillips PL, Skoda SR. Artificial diets used in mass production of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 138:708-714. [DOI: 10.1111/jen.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Chen
- USDA-ARS; Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Kerrville TX USA
| | - M. F. Chaudhury
- USDA-ARS; Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Kerrville TX USA
| | - A. Sagel
- USDA-ARS; Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Kerrville TX USA
| | - P. L. Phillips
- USDA-ARS; Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Kerrville TX USA
| | - S. R. Skoda
- USDA-ARS; Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory; Kerrville TX USA
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Mastrangelo T, Fresia P, Lyra ML, Rodrigues RA, Azeredo-Espin AML. Genetic diversity and population structure of the New World screwworm fly from the Amazon region of Brazil. Acta Trop 2014; 138 Suppl:S26-33. [PMID: 24731964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is a myiasis fly that causes economic losses to livestock farmers in warmer American regions. Previous studies of this pest had found population structure at north and south of the Amazon Basin, which was considered to be a barrier to dispersal. The present study analyzed three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers and eight nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate for the first time the genetic diversity and population structure across the Brazilian Amazon region (Amazonia). Both mtDNA and microsatellite data supported the existence of much diversity and significant population structure among nine regional populations of C. hominivorax, which was found to be surprisingly common in Amazonia. Forty-six mtDNA haplotypes were identified, of which 39 were novel and seven had previously been found only at south of Amazonia. Seventy microsatellite alleles were identified by size, moderate to high values of heterozygosity were discovered in all regions, and a Bayesian clustering analysis identified four genetic groups that were not geographically distributed. Reproductive compatibility was also investigated by laboratory crossing, but no evidence of hybrid dysgenesis was found between an Amazonian colony and one each of from Northeast and Southeast Brazil. The results have important implications for area-wide control by the Sterile Insect Technique.
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Chaudhury MF, Zhu JJ, Sagel A, Chen H, Skoda SR. Volatiles from waste larval rearing media attract gravid screwworm flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to oviposit. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:591-595. [PMID: 24897851 DOI: 10.1603/me13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gravid screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), are attracted to the volatiles from waste larval rearing media to deposit eggs. Studies were conducted to identify volatile chemicals from the waste larval media and determine their effectiveness to attract gravid flies to oviposit. Volatiles were collected using solid-phase microextraction method, and five active chemicals, namely, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol, and indole, were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In electroantennography studies, antennae ofgravid screwworm flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), responded positively to each of the identified compounds. A synthetic blend of these five compounds in the ratio of 335:200:57:1:12 was prepared and tested for its effectiveness to attract both C. hominivorax and C. macellaria using laboratory bioassay methods. Significantly more gravid C. macellaria were attracted to and landed on substrates treated with 10-fold diluted blends compared with those landed on substrates treated with ethanol only (as control). Only a few young females and young and old males were attracted to the substrates treated with the synthetic blend. The C. hominivorax females laid significantly more eggs on substrates treated with waste media, 10-fold diluted blend, and 100-fold diluted blend than on substrates with undiluted blend or ethanol. Similarly, C. macellaria deposited significantly more eggs on substrates treated with waste media, 10-fold diluted blend, and 100-fold diluted blend compared with substrates with undiluted blend or ethanol. C. macellaria females deposited significantly less amount of eggs than did C. hominivorax females. These results indicate that the synthetic blend of five compounds identified may serve as an oviposition attractant for C. hominivorax as well as for C. macellaria.
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