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Sloutskin A, Itzhak D, Vogler G, Pozeilov H, Ideses D, Alter H, Adato O, Shachar H, Doniger T, Shohat-Ophir G, Frasch M, Bodmer R, Duttke SH, Juven-Gershon T. From promoter motif to cardiac function: a single DPE motif affects transcription regulation and organ function in vivo. Development 2024; 151:dev202355. [PMID: 38958007 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiates at the core promoter, which contains distinct core promoter elements. Here, we highlight the complexity of transcriptional regulation by outlining the effect of core promoter-dependent regulation on embryonic development and the proper function of an organism. We demonstrate in vivo the importance of the downstream core promoter element (DPE) in complex heart formation in Drosophila. Pioneering a novel approach using both CRISPR and nascent transcriptomics, we show the effects of mutating a single core promoter element within the natural context. Specifically, we targeted the downstream core promoter element (DPE) of the endogenous tin gene, encoding the Tinman transcription factor, a homologue of human NKX2-5 associated with congenital heart diseases. The 7 bp substitution mutation results in massive perturbation of the Tinman regulatory network that orchestrates dorsal musculature, which is manifested as physiological and anatomical changes in the cardiac system, impaired specific activity features, and significantly compromised viability of adult flies. Thus, a single motif can have a critical impact on embryogenesis and, in the case of DPE, functional heart formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sloutskin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dekel Itzhak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hadar Pozeilov
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Diana Ideses
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadar Alter
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Orit Adato
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadar Shachar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Galit Shohat-Ophir
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Manfred Frasch
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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2
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Sloutskin A, Itzhak D, Vogler G, Ideses D, Alter H, Shachar H, Doniger T, Frasch M, Bodmer R, Duttke SH, Juven-Gershon T. A single DPE core promoter motif contributes to in vivo transcriptional regulation and affects cardiac function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.11.544490. [PMID: 37398300 PMCID: PMC10312617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.544490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is initiated at the core promoter, which confers specific functions depending on the unique combination of core promoter elements. The downstream core promoter element (DPE) is found in many genes related to heart and mesodermal development. However, the function of these core promoter elements has thus far been studied primarily in isolated, in vitro or reporter gene settings. tinman (tin) encodes a key transcription factor that regulates the formation of the dorsal musculature and heart. Pioneering a novel approach utilizing both CRISPR and nascent transcriptomics, we show that a substitution mutation of the functional tin DPE motif within the natural context of the core promoter results in a massive perturbation of Tinman's regulatory network orchestrating dorsal musculature and heart formation. Mutation of endogenous tin DPE reduced the expression of tin and distinct target genes, resulting in significantly reduced viability and an overall decrease in adult heart function. We demonstrate the feasibility and importance of characterizing DNA sequence elements in vivo in their natural context, and accentuate the critical impact a single DPE motif has during Drosophila embryogenesis and functional heart formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sloutskin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel Itzhak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diana Ideses
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Alter
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Shachar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Manfred Frasch
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Drosophila Heart as a Model for Cardiac Development and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113078. [PMID: 34831301 PMCID: PMC8623483 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila heart, also referred to as the dorsal vessel, pumps the insect blood, the hemolymph. The bilateral heart primordia develop from the most dorsally located mesodermal cells, migrate coordinately, and fuse to form the cardiac tube. Though much simpler, the fruit fly heart displays several developmental and functional similarities to the vertebrate heart and, as we discuss here, represents an attractive model system for dissecting mechanisms of cardiac aging and heart failure and identifying genes causing congenital heart diseases. Fast imaging technologies allow for the characterization of heartbeat parameters in the adult fly and there is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in human diseases could be reproduced and analyzed in Drosophila, as discussed here for heart defects associated with the myotonic dystrophy type 1. Overall, the power of genetics and unsuspected conservation of genes and pathways puts Drosophila at the heart of fundamental and applied cardiac research.
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She M, Tang M, Jiang T, Zeng Q. The Roles of the LIM Domain Proteins in Drosophila Cardiac and Hematopoietic Morphogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:616851. [PMID: 33681304 PMCID: PMC7928361 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.616851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism for study on development and pathophysiology of the heart. LIM domain proteins act as adaptors or scaffolds to promote the assembly of multimeric protein complexes. We found a total of 75 proteins encoded by 36 genes have LIM domain in Drosophila melanogaster by the tools of SMART, FLY-FISH, and FlyExpress, and around 41.7% proteins with LIM domain locate in lymph glands, muscles system, and circulatory system. Furthermore, we summarized functions of different LIM domain proteins in the development and physiology of fly heart and hematopoietic systems. It would be attractive to determine whether it exists a probable "LIM code" for the cycle of different cell fates in cardiac and hematopoietic tissues. Next, we aspired to propose a new research direction that the LIM domain proteins may play an important role in fly cardiac and hematopoietic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua She
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Nefedova LN. Drosophila melanogaster as a Model of Developmental Genetics: Modern Approaches and Prospects. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schroeder AM, Allahyari M, Vogler G, Missinato MA, Nielsen T, Yu MS, Theis JL, Larsen LA, Goyal P, Rosenfeld JA, Nelson TJ, Olson TM, Colas AR, Grossfeld P, Bodmer R. Model system identification of novel congenital heart disease gene candidates: focus on RPL13. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3954-3969. [PMID: 31625562 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics is a significant factor contributing to congenital heart disease (CHD), but our understanding of the genetic players and networks involved in CHD pathogenesis is limited. Here, we searched for de novo copy number variations (CNVs) in a cohort of 167 CHD patients to identify DNA segments containing potential pathogenic genes. Our search focused on new candidate disease genes within 19 deleted de novo CNVs, which did not cover known CHD genes. For this study, we developed an integrated high-throughput phenotypical platform to probe for defects in cardiogenesis and cardiac output in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived multipotent cardiac progenitor (MCPs) cells and, in parallel, in the Drosophila in vivo heart model. Notably, knockdown (KD) in MCPs of RPL13, a ribosomal gene and SON, an RNA splicing cofactor, reduced proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes, while increasing fibroblasts. In the fly, heart-specific RpL13 KD, predominantly at embryonic stages, resulted in a striking 'no heart' phenotype. KD of Son and Pdss2, among others, caused structural and functional defects, including reduced or abolished contractility, respectively. In summary, using a combination of human genetics and cardiac model systems, we identified new genes as candidates for causing human CHD, with particular emphasis on ribosomal genes, such as RPL13. This powerful, novel approach of combining cardiac phenotyping in human MCPs and in the in vivo Drosophila heart at high throughput will allow for testing large numbers of CHD candidates, based on patient genomic data, and for building upon existing genetic networks involved in heart development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analyne M Schroeder
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Massoud Allahyari
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria A Missinato
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanja Nielsen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Yu
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne L Theis
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lars A Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preeya Goyal
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Nelson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hillyer JF. Insect heart rhythmicity is modulated by evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:41-48. [PMID: 30551824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Insects utilize an open circulatory system to transport nutrients, waste, hormones and immune factors throughout the hemocoel. The primary organ that drives hemolymph circulation is the dorsal vessel, which is a muscular tube that traverses the length of the body and is divided into an aorta in the head and thorax, and a heart in the abdomen. The dorsal vessel is myogenic, but its rhythmicity is modulated by neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. This review summarizes how neuropeptides such as crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide-like peptides, proctolin, allatotropin and allatostatin modulate the heart contraction rate and the directionality of heart contractions. Likewise, it discusses how neurotransmitters such as serotonin, octopamine, glutamate and nitric oxide influence the heart rate, and how transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are advancing our understanding of insect circulatory physiology. Finally, this review argues that the immune system may modulate heart rhythmicity, and discusses how the myotropic activity of cardioactive factors extends to the accessory pulsatile organs, such as the auxiliary hearts of the antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Klassen MP, Peters CJ, Zhou S, Williams HH, Jan LY, Jan YN. Age-dependent diastolic heart failure in an in vivo Drosophila model. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28328397 PMCID: PMC5362267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the signals and complexes that coordinate the heartbeat are well established, how the heart maintains its electromechanical rhythm over a lifetime remains an open question with significant implications to human health. Reasoning that this homeostatic challenge confronts all pulsatile organs, we developed a high resolution imaging and analysis toolset for measuring cardiac function in intact, unanesthetized Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that, as in humans, normal aging primarily manifests as defects in relaxation (diastole) while preserving contractile performance. Using this approach, we discovered that a pair of two-pore potassium channel (K2P) subunits, largely dispensable early in life, are necessary for terminating contraction (systole) in aged animals, where their loss culminates in fibrillatory cardiac arrest. As the pumping function of its heart is acutely dispensable for survival, Drosophila represents a uniquely accessible model for understanding the signaling networks maintaining cardiac performance during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Klassen
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian J Peters
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hannah H Williams
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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