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Shin K, Choung H, Lee MJ, Kim J, Lee GM, Kim S, Kim JH, Oh R, Park J, Lee SM, Park J, Kim N, Moon JH. A Preliminary Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of a Smartphone-Based Machine Learning-Assisted System for Evaluation of Clinical Activity Score in Digital Images of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. Thyroid 2024. [PMID: 38623815 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: We previously developed a machine learning (ML)-assisted system for predicting the clinical activity score (CAS) in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using digital facial images taken by a digital single-lens reflex camera in a studio setting. In this study, we aimed to apply this system to smartphones and detect active TAO (CAS ≥3) using facial images captured by smartphone cameras. We evaluated the performance of our system on various smartphone models and compared it with the performance of ophthalmologists with varying clinical experience. Methods: We applied the preexisting ML architecture to classify photos taken with smartphones (Galaxy S21 Ultra, iPhone 12 pro, iPhone 11, iPhone SE 2020, Galaxy M20, and Galaxy A21S). The performance was evaluated with smartphone-captured images from 100 patients with TAO. Three ophthalmology residents, three general ophthalmologists with <5 years of clinical experience, and three oculoplastic specialists independently interpreted the same set of images taken under a studio environment and compared their results with those generated by the smartphone-based ML-assisted system. Reference CAS was determined by a consensus of three oculoplastic specialists. Results: Active TAO (CAS ≥3) was identified in 28 patients. Smartphone model used in capturing facial images influenced active TAO detection performance (F1 score 0.59-0.72). The smartphone-based system showed 74.5% sensitivity, 84.8% specificity, and F1 score 0.70 on top three smartphones. On images from all six smartphones, average sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were 71.4%, 81.6%, and 0.66, respectively. Ophthalmology residents' values were 69.1%, 55.1%, and 0.46. General ophthalmologists' values were 61.9%, 79.6%, and 0.55. Oculoplastic specialists' values were 73.8%, 90.7%, and 0.75. This smartphone-based ML-assisted system predicted CAS within 1 point of reference CAS in 90.7% using facial images from smartphones. Conclusions: Our smartphone-based ML-assisted system shows reasonable accuracy in detecting active TAO, comparable with oculoplastic specialists and outperforming residents and general ophthalmologists. It may enable reliable self-monitoring for disease activity, but confirmatory research is needed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubo Shin
- AI Research Center, THYROSCOPE INC., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyung Choung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital and Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Kim
- AI Research Center, THYROSCOPE INC., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richul Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Muk Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital and Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Park
- AI Research Center, THYROSCOPE INC., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- AI Research Center, THYROSCOPE INC., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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2
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Luo YG, Zhang XW, Zhao H, Li JG, Tsauo JW, Gong T, Ou AX, Cong TH, Kang WD, Li X. A Novel Rat Model to Simulate the Benign Esophageal Stricture Induced by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2024; 17:41-50. [PMID: 38404929 PMCID: PMC10891275 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s435690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to establish a rat model that simulates benign esophageal strictures induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Materials and Methods Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into mucosal resection (n = 8) and sham-operated groups (n = 8). The rats in the mucosal resection group underwent a 5-mm three-fourths mucosal resection by way of a 3-mm incision in the distal esophagus under direct visualization via laparotomy. Rats in the sham-operated group underwent a 3-mm incision of the muscularis propria layer in the distal esophagus via laparotomy without mucosal resection. Dysphagia score, weight gain, mucosal constriction rate, and histology were evaluated 2 weeks after surgery. Results Technical success was achieved in all the animals. One rat in the mucosal resection group died of infection, and no other complications were observed. Weight gain (P < 0.001) and luminal diameter derived from the esophagograms (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the mucosal resection group than those in the sham-operated group. Dysphagia score (P < 0.001) and mucosal constriction rate (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the mucosal resection group than those in the sham-operated group. The inflammation grade (P = 0.002), damage to the muscularis propria (P < 0.001), number of nascent microvessels (P = 0.006), and degree of α-SMA positive deposition (P = 0.006) were significantly higher in the mucosal resection group. Conclusion A rat model of benign esophageal stricture induced by ESD was successfully and safely established by mucosal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Gen Luo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wu Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Gui Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiay-Wei Tsauo
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xin Ou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Hao Cong
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Di Kang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Sen CK. Human Wound and Its Burden: Updated 2022 Compendium of Estimates. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:657-670. [PMID: 37756368 PMCID: PMC10615092 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2023.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Chronic wounds affect 10.5 million (up 2.3 million from the 2014 update) of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Chronic wounds impact the quality of life of nearly 2.5% of the total population of the United States. This fraction is larger in the elderly. These wounds can lead to a range of complications and health care costs. Given the aging population, the continued threat of diabetes and obesity worldwide, and the persistent problem of infection, it is expected that chronic wounds will continue to be a substantial clinical, social, and economic challenge. Disparities in the prevalence and management of chronic wounds exist, with underserved communities and marginalized populations often facing greater challenges in accessing quality wound care. These disparities exacerbate the public health burden. Recent Advances: U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services had proposed revision of its local coverage determination limiting the use of skin substitute grafts/cellular and/or tissue-based products for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers in the U.S. Medicare population. In response to the comment phase, this proposal has been put on hold. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has renewed its focus on addressing nonhealing chronic wounds and has outlined efforts to address identified barriers to product development for nonhealing chronic wounds. The new approach places emphasis on engaging key wound healing stakeholders, including academia, professional associations, patient groups, reimbursement organizations, and industry. Finally, recent advances demonstrating that wounds closed by current FDA definition of wound closure may remain functionally open because of deficiencies in restoration of barrier function warrant revisiting the wound closure endpoint. Such "closed" wounds that are functionally open, also known as invisible wounds, are likely to be associated with high wound recurrence. Future Directions: Addressing the public health problem of chronic wounds will require a multifaceted approach that includes prevention, improved wound care management, and addressing the underlying risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K. Sen
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System Wound Care Service, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bao Y, Kim D, Cho YH, Ku CR, Yoon JS, Lee EJ. Cre-loxP System-Based Mouse Model for Investigating Graves' Disease and Associated Orbitopathy. Thyroid 2023; 33:1358-1367. [PMID: 37624749 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Graves' disease (GD), one of the most common forms of autoimmune thyroid disorders, is characterized by hyperthyroidism caused by antibodies (Abs) against the extracellular A-subunit of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). Various approaches have been used to create mouse models of GD, including transfected fibroblasts and immunization with plasmids or adenoviruses expressing human TSHR A-subunit (hTSHR A-subunit). These models, however, require repeated immunization and produce inconsistent results. In this study, we established a novel Cre-loxP system-based mouse model that is able to generate the hTSHR A-subunit, mimicking human GD, and characterized the histological changes in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) progression after a single injection. Materials and Methods: A Cre-loxP system-based mouse model was constructed by inserting the CAG-loxP-STOP-loxP-hTSHR A-subunit cassette into the Rosa26 locus of the mouse genome. Conditional expression of the hTSHR A-subunit was successfully achieved by intramuscular injection of the transactivator of transcription-Cre recombinase (GD mice). Blood tests for anti-TSHR Abs and the total thyroxine (T4) level were performed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor morphological changes in the eyes. A histological examination of the thyroid gland and retrobulbar tissues was performed to observe pathological changes. Results: Twenty-four (8 control and 16 GD) mice were investigated. All GD mice exhibited higher levels of TSHR Abs compared with the control group. Moreover, more than 80% of the mouse models showed elevated T4 levels accompanied by thyroid goiter. MRI analysis revealed an increased volume of retrobulbar tissue, while immunohistochemical staining of orbital tissues exhibited macrophage infiltration and muscle fibrosis in the GD mice, contrasting with the control group. Conclusions: Our novel mouse model for GD, which showed the histological features of GO, was successfully established using the Cre-loxP system. This animal model offers improved insights and contributes to advancing methodological developments for GD and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Bao
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daham Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Research, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Buemi A, Mouard NI, Darius T, Devresse A, Kanaan N, Gianello P, Mourad M. Continuous vs. discontinuous purification of isolated human islets: functional and morphological comparison. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195545. [PMID: 37455917 PMCID: PMC10348810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COBE 2991 cell processor, commonly used for pancreatic islet isolation, is no longer distributed in Europe, leading to a search for alternative purification procedures with equivalent efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative method based on the discontinuous purification of islets. Methods The conventional isolation procedure using a standard continuous islet purification with COBE 2991 of n = 4 human pancreas was compared to n = 8 procedures using a discontinuous purification with a "bottle" method from donors of similar characteristics. Islet equivalents, purity, and dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were evaluated. Results A similar islet yield was obtained using continuous vs. discontinuous purification methods (76,292.5 ± 40,550.44 vs. 79,625 ± 41,484.46 islet equivalents, p = 0.89). Islets from both groups had similar purity (78.75% ± 19.73% vs. 55% ± 18.16%, p = 0.08) and functionality both in terms of stimulation index (3.31 ± 0.83 vs. 5.58 ± 3.38, p = 0.22) and insulin secretion (1.26 ± 0.83 vs. 1.53 ± 1.40 mean AUC, p = 0.73). Moreover, the size of the islets was significantly larger in the discontinuous vs. continuous purification group (19.2% ± 10.3% vs. 45.4% ± 18.8% of islets less than 100 µm, p = 0.0097 and 23.7% ± 5.3% vs. 15.6% ± 5.8% of 200-250 µm islet size, p = 0.03). Conclusion Compared to the conventional purification procedure, discontinuous purification with a bottle method shows similar results with regard to isolation yield and islet secretory function. Furthermore, this alternative technique allows for obtaining larger islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buemi
- Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nizar I. Mouard
- Pôle de chirurgie expérimentale et transplantation, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Darius
- Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Devresse
- Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nada Kanaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Pôle de chirurgie expérimentale et transplantation, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Mourad
- Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Unit, Brussels, Belgium
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AP39, a Mitochondrial-Targeted H2S Donor, Improves Porcine Islet Survival in Culture. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185385. [PMID: 36143032 PMCID: PMC9504761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid deterioration of transplanted islets in culture is a well-established phenomenon. We recently reported that pancreas preservation with AP39 reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and improves islet graft function. In this study, we investigated whether the addition of AP39 to the culture medium could reduce isolated islet deterioration and improve islet function. Isolated islets from porcine pancreata were cultured with 400 nM AP39 or without AP39 at 37 °C. After culturing for 6–72 h, the islet equivalents of porcine islets in the AP39(+) group were significantly higher than those in the AP39(−) group. The islets in the AP39(+) group exhibited significantly decreased levels of ROS production compared to the islets in the AP39(−) group. The islets in the AP39(+) group exhibited significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential compared to the islets in the AP39(−) group. A marginal number (1500 IEs) of cultured islets from each group was then transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Culturing isolated islets with AP39 improved islet transplantation outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The addition of AP39 in culture medium reduces islet deterioration and furthers the advancements in β-cell replacement therapy.
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Pancreas Preservation with a Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor, Alvelestat, Contributes to Improvement of Porcine Islet Isolation and Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154290. [PMID: 35893379 PMCID: PMC9330829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For pancreatic islet transplantation, pancreas procurement, preservation, and islet isolation destroy cellular and non-cellular components and activate components such as resident neutrophils, which play an important role in the impairment of islet survival. It has been reported that inhibitors of neutrophil elastase (NE), such as sivelestat and α1-antitrypsin, could contribute to improvement of islet isolation and transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether pancreatic preservation with alvelestat, a novel NE inhibitor, improves porcine islet yield and function. Porcine pancreata were preserved with or without 5 μM alvelestat for 18 h, and islet isolation was performed. The islet yields before and after purification were significantly higher in the alvelestat (+) group than in the alvelestat (−) group. After islet transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, blood glucose levels reached the normoglycemic range in 55% and 5% of diabetic mice in the alvelestat (+) and alvelestat (−) groups, respectively. These results suggest that pancreas preservation with alvelestat improves islet yield and graft function and could thus serve as a novel clinical strategy for improving the outcome of islet transplantation.
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Clinical Islet Transplantation Covered by Health Insurance in Japan. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143977. [PMID: 35887740 PMCID: PMC9321768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and has been performed in various countries [1–5]. [...]
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Layssol-Lamour CJ, Granat FA, Sahal AM, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Improving the Quality of EDTA-treated Blood Specimens from Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:188-194. [PMID: 35022109 PMCID: PMC8956217 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonterminal blood sampling in laboratory mice is a very common procedure. With the goal of improving animal welfare, different sampling sites and methods have been compared but have not achieved a consensus. Moreover, most of these studies overlooked the quality of blood specimens collected. The main preanalytical concern with EDTA-treated blood specimens for hematology analyses is platelet aggregation, which is known to cause analytical errors. Our objective was to find a nonterminal blood sampling method with minimal adverse effects on mice and few or no platelet aggregates. We tested and compared 2 collection sites, 4 sampling methods, and 3 antithrombotic drugs in 80 C57BL6/j male and female mice by evaluating platelet aggregates on blood smears and platelet, WBC, and RBC counts. In addition, the blood collection process was carefully evaluated, and adverse effects were recorded. Platelet aggregation was lower in specimens collected from the jugular vein than from the facial vein, with no effect of the sampling device or the presence of an antithrombotic additive. Highly aggregated specimens were significantly associated with lower platelet counts, whereas aggregation had no effect on WBC or RBC counts. Adverse events during sampling were significantly associated with more numerous platelet aggregates. The jugular vein is thus a satisfactory sampling site in mice in terms of both animal welfare and low platelet aggregation. Using antithrombotic agents appears to be unnecessary, whereas improving sampling conditions remains a key requirement to ensure the quality of EDTA-treated blood specimens from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Layssol-Lamour
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | - Ambrine M Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
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